The Environmental Defense Initiative A nonprofit to defend the environment https://www.tedinitiative.org/ Wed, 11 Feb 2026 22:33:54 GMT Canada’s Climate Catastrophe: Wildfires, Melting Permafrost, and a Nation Under Siege https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/canadas-climate-catastrophe-wildfires-melting-permafrost-and-a-nation-under-siege https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/canadas-climate-catastrophe-wildfires-melting-permafrost-and-a-nation-under-siege Sat, 11 Oct 2025 04:42:05 GMT Read about how climate change and pollution is affecting Canada's ecosystems and why we need to take action! Photo by Michael Held on Unsplash Canada, often viewed as a land of pristine wilderness and vast forests, is now facing a severe climate crisis marked by record-breaking wildfires, rapidly melting permafrost, and ecosystem collapse in its Arctic and boreal regions.
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# The Wildfires In 2023 alone, the country endured its worst wildfire season in recorded history burning more than 18 million hectares of land, an area larger than Greece, releasing over 1.5 billion tons of CO₂ into the atmosphere. These fires are fueled by prolonged heatwaves, earlier snowmelt, and reduced humidity all symptoms of a warming climate that has caused Canada’s average temperature to rise at nearly twice the global rate. The impacts are devastating: entire towns such as Lytton in British Columbia have been destroyed, thousands evacuated, and Indigenous communities displaced, often without sufficient support or infrastructure to recover. ![Photo by Egor Vikhrev on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*YAum7mRu3BL5ulZdsvoGsA@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Egor Vikhrev on Unsplash
# Thawing Permafrost Beyond the flames, another silent crisis is unfolding in Canada’s far north thawing permafrost. Once permanently frozen, this ground is now collapsing, cracking roads and homes, destabilizing buildings, and releasing vast quantities of methane, a greenhouse gas far more potent than carbon dioxide. Permafrost thaw is also destroying traditional hunting and travel routes used by Inuit and First Nations peoples, eroding cultural heritage and food security. Furthermore, the loss of ice roads and shortening of the winter season are cutting off remote northern communities from supplies and healthcare, leading to rising costs and worsening isolation. This feedback loop accelerates global warming, creating a cycle that threatens not only Canada’s environment but the global climate system. ![Photo by Alin Gavriliuc on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*y8gqJ-1yL9qY810o6zJ_3w@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Alin Gavriliuc on Unsplash
# The Effects In parallel, polar bears, caribou, and other keystone Arctic species are seeing their habitats disappear, pushing ecosystems to the brink of collapse. Canada’s forests, once considered reliable carbon sinks, are now turning into net carbon sources due to fire, pest outbreaks, and drought stress. ![Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*1fmYs8u1T2tvz04WMRNkCA@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash
# The Future While the government has pledged net-zero emissions by 2050, continued investments in oil sands extraction and pipeline infrastructure raise questions about its real climate priorities. Climate experts emphasize the need for stronger wildfire prevention strategies, Indigenous-led land stewardship, and immediate cuts in fossil fuel dependency. The crisis in Canada is no longer confined to its wilderness; smoke from its wildfires choked cities in the United States and Europe in 2023, turning skies orange and triggering respiratory warnings. Canada’s climate breakdown is not a future scenario it is happening now, and the entire planet is feeling the consequences. If one of the wealthiest and most forest-rich nations on Earth is overwhelmed, what hope is there for more vulnerable countries? Canada must act not only to protect its people and ecosystems but also to fulfill its responsibility on the global climate Stage.
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# Resources: [Government of Canada — Wildfire Statistics and Climate Reports 2023](url) [NASA Earth Observatory — Smoke and CO₂ Emissions Data](url) [CBC News — Indigenous Communities and Climate Displacement](url) [IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (2019)](url) [Canadian Arctic Permafrost Monitoring Network](url)]]> Bangladesh: A Country Sinking Beneath Rising Sea Levels https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/bangladesh-a-country-sinking-beneath-rising-sea-levels https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/bangladesh-a-country-sinking-beneath-rising-sea-levels Sat, 11 Oct 2025 03:34:51 GMT Learn about how the rising sea levels in Bangladesh are leaving a lasting negative impact on the environment, the people and why universal efforts are needed to curb these effects. Photo by Saikiran Kesari on Unsplash The impacts of climate change are being felt across the globe, but some countries stand on the frontline of this global crisis. Bangladesh, located in South Asia, is one such country. Due to its low elevation, dense population, and coastal settlements, Bangladesh is among the nations most vulnerable to rising sea levels. This situation presents not only an environmental crisis but also a profound social, economic, and demographic challenge.
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# The Effects of Rising Sea Levels Approximately one-third of Bangladesh lies just a few meters above sea level. According to scientists, if global warming continues at its current pace, sea levels could rise by up to one meter by the end of the century. Such a scenario could displace nearly 20 million people living in Bangladesh’s coastal regions, potentially creating one of the largest climate-induced migrations in modern history. ![Photo by Barbara Zandoval on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*stbrbi3Hed6sZfqMVElSGA@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Barbara Zandoval on Unsplash
The rising sea level not only increases coastal erosion but also brings long-term consequences such as soil and water salinization. Saltwater intrusion contaminates drinking water and renders fertile farmland unproductive. This poses a serious threat to rice cultivation, one of the country’s staple food sources. As food insecurity grows, rural poverty deepens. ![Photo by Hobi industri on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*mRuXPqlFUwJ8vFw0l6u3nQ@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Hobi industri on Unsplash
One of the most affected areas is the Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove forest and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This unique ecosystem plays a vital role not only in climate regulation but also in supporting the regional economy through fishing and tourism. However, rising water levels and salinity are putting this critical natural habitat at serious risk. ![Photo by Timothy K on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*KoeDoBuSXB7oOcQW4HKlDQ@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Timothy K on Unsplash
Bangladesh’s major cities, particularly the capital Dhaka, are now feeling the secondary effects of the climate crisis. Migration from rural to urban areas is accelerating. Climate refugees are settling in slums, putting immense pressure on urban infrastructure and exacerbating issues such as unemployment and housing shortages. This migration is not merely geographic; it also triggers economic inequality, social tension, and public health risks. ![Photo by Sumit on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*rIe8xIaPYLYNZop2A36uqw@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Sumit on Unsplash
# The Response The Bangladeshi government has taken steps to address the crisis by launching the “Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan,” which includes investment in sustainable infrastructure, coastal protection systems, and climate-resilient agricultural practices. International climate finance is also being utilized to implement disaster risk reduction projects. However, these efforts remain insufficient given the magnitude of the threat. ![Photo by Melissa De Yoe on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*9qjQI05BFdmHTT_I0UoP-g@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Melissa De Yoe on Unsplash
# A Shared Burden The case of Bangladesh illustrates that climate change is not merely an environmental issue; it is also a crisis of migration, food security, public health, and sustainable development. From the perspective of climate justice, Bangladesh contributes minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet bears some of the heaviest burdens of climate disruption. This paradox highlights the need for international cooperation and shared responsibility in combating climate change. Bangladesh’s situation starkly demonstrates the urgency and inequity of the climate crisis. Rising sea levels are not just a threat to this nation, but a growing reality for coastal regions worldwide. Bangladesh must not be left to face this challenge alone. Without collective action, what is happening today in this small country may become tomorrow’s reality for many others. ![Photo by Niloy Biswas on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*J-k839TlH7nNlrLiIQ1OIw@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Niloy Biswas on Unsplash
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# References [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report. Cambridge University Press.](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/) [World Bank. (2021). Groundswell Part 2: Acting on Internal Climate Migration.](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climatechange/publication/groundswell-acting-on-internal-climate-migration) [Rahman, A., & Alam, M. (2019). Climate change adaptation policy in Bangladesh: An evidence-based study. Climate Policy, 19(1), 85 — 97.](https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1508766) [United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2020). Climate Change and Bangladesh: A Country Profile.](https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/asia-and-pacific/bangladesh) [World Meteorological Organization (WMO). (2023). State of the Global Climate 2022.](https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/library/state-of-global-climate) [Mallick, B., & Etzold, B. (2015). Migration and resilience in Bangladesh: Adaptation to climate change through mobile livelihoods. Migration and Development, 4(2), 182 — 197.](https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2015.1022974)]]> Climate Crisis in Bangladesh: Rising Seas, Displaced Lives https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/climate-crisis-in-bangladesh-rising-seas-displaced-lives https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/climate-crisis-in-bangladesh-rising-seas-displaced-lives Mon, 29 Sep 2025 01:55:09 GMT Catch up on how climate change and pollution is affecting the environment and people in Bangladesh. Today, it is more important than ever to practice environmentally friendly activities! Photo by Austin Curtis on Unsplash Bangladesh, one of the most climate-vulnerable countries on Earth, is facing an escalating crisis as rising sea levels, saltwater intrusion, and intensified monsoon flooding are threatening the lives and livelihoods of millions.
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# The Stats With over 160 million people packed into low-lying deltaic terrain, nearly 70% of the country sits less than 10 meters above sea level, and one-third of the population resides in coastal areas directly at risk. According to the IPCC, sea levels in the Bay of Bengal are rising at a rate 60% faster than the global average, placing Bangladesh on the frontline of the climate emergency. ![Photo by Iqro Rinaldi on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*Sj4PUZ6-FtHLNKwujNJvNw@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Iqro Rinaldi on Unsplash
# The Crops Each year, thousands of hectares of arable land are swallowed by the encroaching sea, and salinization renders vast stretches of agricultural soil infertile destroying crops, increasing food insecurity, and forcing rural families to abandon their homes. ![Photo by Johannes Plenio on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*9JYQORnkx0MCzEJvjFdXtg@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Johannes Plenio on Unsplash
# The Drinking Water More than 6 million people in southern Bangladesh are already affected by saline drinking water, leading to rising rates of hypertension, miscarriage, and skin disease, particularly among women and children. ![Photo by engin akyurt on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*I5D8N0tfnTmqldxeWN639w@2x.jpeg)
Photo by engin akyurt on Unsplash
# The Migrants Climate-induced migration is surging; by 2050, an estimated 13 to 20 million Bangladeshis may be displaced due to sea level rise alone, creating one of the largest populations of climate refugees in the world. The capital city, Dhaka, is absorbing thousands of these internal migrants every week, placing unsustainable pressure on infrastructure, housing, and public services. ![Photo by mostafa meraji on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*MGQtpKtYjtIaKtdwx7RxGQ@2x.jpeg)
Photo by mostafa meraji on Unsplash
# The Floods Floods, which are increasing in both frequency and intensity, routinely submerge one-fifth of the country during monsoon season, affecting food supply chains and sanitation systems. In response, Bangladesh has initiated several adaptation strategies, including the construction of cyclone shelters, coastal embankments, and early warning systems. The Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 aims to integrate climate resilience with long-term economic planning, but limited funding and global inaction continue to undermine progress. ![Photo by Saikiran Kesari on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*0Xq8omYrKvsNHAIysLLvIA@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Saikiran Kesari on Unsplash
# The Future Despite contributing less than 0.4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, Bangladesh is bearing a disproportionate burden of climate change; a stark illustration of global climate injustice. The situation calls for urgent international collaboration, including technology transfer, climate financing, and refugee protection frameworks. Without sustained and equitable global action, the people of Bangladesh will continue to pay the price for a crisis they did not create. Their story is a powerful warning: what happens in Bangladesh today could happen elsewhere tomorrow if the world fails to curb emissions and support adaptation in the most affected regions.
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# References: [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) — Sixth Assessment Report](https://www.ipcc.ch/) [World Bank –“Groundswell Part II: Acting on Internal Climate Migration” (2021)](https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/home) [UNDP Bangladesh — Coastal Vulnerability and Salinity Intrusion Studies](https://www.undp.org/bangladesh) [The Guardian (2023) –“Dhaka’s Climate Migrants and the Urban Crisis”](https://www.theguardian.com/us) [Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 — Government of Bangladesh Planning Commission](https://brri.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/brri.portal.gov.bd/page/7c888a53_3697_4e11_828b_75cc60b88ddf/BDP%202100%20Volume%201%20Strategy.pdf)]]> The Climate Crisis in France: A National Emergency in the Making https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-climate-crisis-in-france-a-national-emergenty-in-the-making https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-climate-crisis-in-france-a-national-emergenty-in-the-making Fri, 18 Jul 2025 14:34:48 GMT If it feels as if everywhere is becoming warmer, it is! Learn about the effects of global warming in France and why change must be enacted! Photo by Huma on Unsplash
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# Rising Temperatures Since pre-industrial times, the average temperature in France has increased by approximately 1.9°C, with projections suggesting a rise of up to 4°C by the end of the century if urgent measures are not taken. In recent years, France has experienced unprecedented heatwaves, including a historic 60-day streak of “tropical nights” where temperatures didn’t fall below 20°C. These events have stressed healthcare systems and caused higher mortality, especially among vulnerable populations. ![temperatures of 25.6 degrees Celsius and 20 degrees Celsius shown on temperature reader Photo by Jonathan Kemper on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*bzWaaNG8Krrjbfa6)
Photo by Jonathan Kemper on Unsplash
# The Water Crisis At the same time, the 2022 European drought pushed two-thirds of France into critical alert levels, leading to an 18.5% drop in corn production and causing widespread water shortages and wildfires. Coastal regions like Languedoc Roussillon are increasingly at risk as well due to sea-level rise and erosion, threatening up to 140,000 homes. Mountain glaciers in the French Alps are retreating rapidly, with over 50% lost since 1850 and another 30–40% expected to disappear by 2050. This trend not only reduces freshwater reserves but also threatens tourism and regional ecosystems. ![glaciers on moutain Photo by Polina Koroleva on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*zP8PP9h11KxYZmTJ)
Photo by Polina Koroleva on Unsplash
# Biodiversity Loss Forests, once major carbon sinks, are losing their capacity to absorb CO₂ due to prolonged droughts and heat stress carbon absorption dropped from 74 Mt CO₂ per year in 2008 to just 38 Mt CO₂ per year in 2022. Meanwhile, biodiversity in France is suffering due to habitat fragmentation and climate-driven migration of species. ![different colored bodies of water showing pollution Photo by USGS on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*mXR7tuhUw-v9Z0KD)
Photo by USGS on Unsplash
# The Response … or lack of Despite these growing threats, France’s policy response remains insufficient. Although most citizens are aware of the risks 97% acknowledge climate change, and 56% support immediate adaptation the country still ranks only 25th in the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI 2025) due to weak policy implementation in energy, transport, and land use. Experts recommend accelerating the transition to renewable energy, phasing out coal by 2027, promoting agro-ecological farming, enhancing urban green infrastructure, and decentralizing adaptation efforts to empower local governments. ![windmills to generate renewable wind energy Photo by American Public Power Association on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*agLGXLaVhoGZIj9S)
Photo by American Public Power Association on Unsplash
# A Current Crisis France, as a global economic leader, has the resources and institutional strength to lead by example, but the time for half-measures has passed. Without swift and coordinated action, the impacts will only intensify, making recovery more difficult and costly. The climate crisis in France is no longer a distant threat it is a present-day emergency requiring bold leadership, innovation, and national unity.
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# References [Le Monde, 2024 — France’s Tropical Nights and Heatwave Crisis](https://www.lemonde.fr/en/) [Wikipedia — 2022 European Drought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_European_drought) [EIB Survey — Europeans over 30 understand climate change better than younger generations, EIB survey finds](https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2024-269-europeans-over-30-understand-climate-change-better-than-younger-generations-eib-survey-finds) [Climate Change Performance Index 2025 — France](https://ccpi.org/country/fra/#:~:text=France%20is%20ranked%2025th%20in,renewable%20energy%20target%20for%202030.) [G20 Climate Risks — France Sea-Level and Erosion Data](https://www.g20climaterisks.org/france/#:~:text=Rising%20sea%20levels%2C%20coastal%20erosion,avoid%20the%20worst%20coastal%20impacts.)]]> Summer 2025 Climate Alert: The Planet’s Silent Scream https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/summer-2025-climate-alert-the-planets-silent-scream https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/summer-2025-climate-alert-the-planets-silent-scream Mon, 07 Jul 2025 03:04:41 GMT The summer of 2025 is shaping up to be one of the most alarming chapters in the story of our changing climate. Learn about how various environmental devastations reveal the harsh reality of climate change and how you can take action! Photo by Danting Zhu on Unsplash The summer of 2025 is shaping up to be one of the most alarming chapters in the story of our changing climate. As extreme heat waves sweep across Europe, Asia, and North America, glaciers continue to melt at unprecedented rates, wildfires rage through vast forests, and droughts devastate agricultural regions. These events are no longer distant warnings they are the harsh reality of climate change happening right now.
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In India, temperatures recently soared above 52°C, pushing health systems to their limits. In the western United States, hundreds of wildfires have forced thousands to evacuate. Meanwhile, parts of Türkiye are suffering from severe droughts that threaten food production and water security. Satellite data released earlier this year revealed that Greenland alone has lost over 500 billion tons of ice in just a few months, while Antarctic sea ice levels are 40% below historical averages. Glaciers are not just icy landscapes; they are the cooling engines of our planet. As they melt, sea levels rise, putting coastal cities around the world at greater risk of flooding. ![drought; dry, cracking ground Photo by redcharlie on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*DZgPQeR7jeSgSTxd)
Photo by redcharlie on Unsplash
But amid this crisis, there are sparks of hope. For the first time, renewable energy sources globally have outpaced fossil fuels in energy generation. Artificial intelligence is being used in agriculture to help farmers adapt to dry conditions. Innovative materials like carbon-absorbing concrete are being implemented in cities to offset emissions. In Türkiye, municipalities are experimenting with green roofs, rainwater harvesting systems, and urban farming initiatives. Youth-led projects in high schools and universities are also emerging as powerful forces for change, as young people develop creative, science-based solutions to local environmental challenges. ![windmills for renewable energy Photo by American Public Power Association on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Me0gaRsJfuoUnzjT)
Photo by American Public Power Association on Unsplash
The climate crisis isn’t something only world leaders or scientists can solve. We all have a role to play. From choosing bikes over cars, to supporting local farmers, or even planting a single tree every small action contributes to a greater shift. Because the truth is simple: climate action starts with us. The Earth may be screaming in silence, but together, we can become the voice of healing and transformation. ![bikes Photo by Bogdan Dada on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*FzgWz8l0AT4zcoOs)
Photo by Bogdan Dada on Unsplash
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# References [National Weather Service](https://www.weather.gov/alerts) [World Climate Research Programme](https://www.wcrp-climate.org/) [Climate Change Knowledge Portal](https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/)]]> Lost Before the Plate: How India Can Solve Its Food Crisis with Smarter Infrastructure https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/lost-before-the-plate-how-india-can-solve-its-food-crisis-with-smarter https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/lost-before-the-plate-how-india-can-solve-its-food-crisis-with-smarter Mon, 07 Jul 2025 02:54:33 GMT India is poised to become the world’s most populous country, yet nearly a third of its children under five remain malnourished. Learn about what can be done to end this struggle while utilizing all resources responsibly to preserve our Earth! Photo by Brijender Dua on Unsplash India is poised to become the world’s most populous country, yet nearly a third of its children under five remain malnourished. How can a nation rich in agricultural output also suffer from chronic food insecurity? The answer lies not in the fields, but in the gaps between harvest and home. This blog discusses how inadequate infrastructure — not production — is India’s biggest food challenge. From broken roads and missing cold chains to tarps replacing silos, food is lost at every step of the supply chain. The solutions aren’t speculative; they are already being implemented in parts of India. If scaled, these innovations can transform India’s food landscape, especially for its rural poor.
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# Infrastructure and Insecurity: India’s Hidden Hunger India cultivates nearly half its land and employs over half its population in agriculture. Despite this, the Global Hunger Index ranks it 107 out of 121 countries. Nearly 40% of food never reaches a plate. It rots in trucks, spoils in the sun, or gets eaten by pests due to inadequate storage and transport. In rural India, where access to healthcare, education, and basic services is already strained, the absence of reliable infrastructure is a life-altering burden. Crops are often grown in one location and must travel up to 72 hours to reach major markets. Every hour lost on bad roads is another hour for food to spoil. ![Photo by Shruti Singh on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*iDBMm5gpTHNSKZuP)
Photo by Shruti Singh on Unsplash
# The Road to Rot: Transportation Failures India ranked 55 out of 155 countries in infrastructure reliability. Many of its villages still lack roads, and the villages with roads are often plagued by potholes, poor drainage, and flooding during monsoons. Because agricultural output must travel across this failing network, the result is predictable: spoilage, lost income, and increased hunger. Even when food is harvested and ready to be sold, the slow transportation causes it to spoil before reaching the market. Villages that grow food can’t move it quickly enough to sell. As a result, food rots while people starve. Private investment, like the World Bank’s $500 million project, has helped. But to truly solve the crisis, India must invest billions more annually. Public-private partnerships and opening infrastructure projects to competitive private development could dramatically increase the pace and efficiency. ![Photo by Vikram TKV on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*jSS5baQ9gCaco_bI)
Photo by Vikram TKV on Unsplash
# Cold Truth: India’s Storage Crisis India loses millions of tons of food each year to poor storage. Grain that could feed 140 million people is often left on plastic tarps — exposed to pests, humidity, and monsoons. Only about 4% of produce uses cold storage, which is a disaster for perishable items like fruits and vegetables. Silos are another missing link. Though some are being built in grain-producing states like Punjab and Haryana, most of the country lacks them. Silos not only protect crops from weather but also preserve nutritional value for longer. Local cold storage units and low-cost mini silos could bridge the gap. These tools don’t require an enormous investment and have already proven successful in select regions. Yet, without national funding and policy-level urgency, they won’t scale. ![Photo by Sofia Lasheva on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Bf64rjTnyN9j2oKC)
Photo by Sofia Lasheva on Unsplash
# Packaging Power: Smart Storage for a Smart Country Farmers lose up to 6% of their crop post-harvest simply due to a lack of access to reliable packaging. Moisture and pests ruin bags of wheat, rice, and lentils before they even reach a vendor. Government-subsidized storage bags — moisture-resistant and pest-proof — could be game changers. These should be mass-produced, affordable, and easily available. If widely distributed, these simple tools could save millions of pounds of food each year. The solution isn’t futuristic. It’s smart, scalable, and sitting on the table. ![Photo by Ricky Singh on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*oZxdWPfCe7YhUx7g)
Photo by Ricky Singh on Unsplash
# What Can Be Done: Building Forward, Not Backward India’s infrastructure budget is growing, but it’s still a fraction of what’s needed. Currently, only 5% of India’s infrastructure projects are privately funded. This number must increase in order for such extensive developmental needs to be met. If India opens more roads and storage construction projects to private companies, development will accelerate. Farmers will reach markets, retailers will lose less, and consumers will finally get the food that otherwise would have went to waste. Public agencies like the Food Corporation of India (FCI) can also be tapped to run decentralized storage networks. With proper investment and coordination, India can go from wasting food to feeding its future. ![Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*RG068g0XRlSDzRHY)
Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash
# A Smarter Future Starts Now India’s food crisis does not stem from a lack of effort, land, or labor; it stems from loss, and that loss is solvable. Roads can be built, silos can be filled, and smart storage can be scaled. However, this can only happen if we stop searching for futuristic miracles and instead support scalable infrastructure with proven impacts.
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# How You Can Help Push for increased private-sector investment in infrastructure. Support organizations that fund rural cold storage and packaging. Educate others about India’s real food crisis: not growing enough, but keeping it safe.
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# References [FAO](https://www.fao.org/in-action/seeking-end-to-loss-and-waste-of-food-along-production-chain/en/) [Livemint](https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/VLnbl0nASvSub7NT7fVaPJ/Instead-of-feeding-the-poor-India-lets-grain-rot.html) [World Bank](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/03/27/world-bank-approves-500-million-project-to-develop-green-resilient-and-safe-highways-in-india) [Global Hunger Index](https://www.globalhungerindex.org/pdf/en/2022.pdf) [Shell Foundation](https://shellfoundation.org/learning/three-insights-into-the-cold-chain-market-in-rural-india) [Maier Vidorno](https://www.maiervidorno.com/blog/agriculture-storage-technology-in-india-at-affordable-prices) [Indian Express](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-how-government-procures-wheat-7881034/)]]> Forest Fires in Türkiye in 2025: Current Situation, Causes, and Strategies for Combating Them https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/forest-fires-in-turkiye-in-2025-current-situation-causes-and-strategies-for-combating-them https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/forest-fires-in-turkiye-in-2025-current-situation-causes-and-strategies-for-combating-them Mon, 07 Jul 2025 02:21:31 GMT 2025 marks a critical turning point for Türkiye in the fight against forest fires. While AI-based technologies like FireAId offer significant advantages, the battle cannot be won without public participation, strong policy frameworks, and sustainable forest management! Photo by Matt Palmer on Unsplash As of 2025, forest fires in Türkiye have become a major threat due to the combined effects of climate change and human activity. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and careless behavior particularly during the summer season have significantly increased the risk of fires. As a result, the number and intensity of forest fires have both sharply increased. # The Current Situation According to data from the Republican People’s Party (CHP), between June 1 and June 21, 2025, Türkiye experienced 399 forest fires, compared to 84 fires in the same period last year. The forest area affected by fires increased from 41 hectares to 2,548 hectares — a dramatic rise in both frequency and scale of destruction . ![spreading forest fire Photo by Karsten Winegeart on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*_zM53vt2rSORl_T4)
Photo by Karsten Winegeart on Unsplash
# Causes The main driver behind this escalation is climate change. The Eastern Mediterranean region is warming 20% faster than the global average, leading to longer fire seasons and drier environmental conditions. Meteorological factors like high temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds are the primary triggers of forest fires. Experts warn that 64% of Türkiye’s forests are located in high-risk fire zones. ![strong sun, dry conditions Photo by Alex Braga on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*YTqi7L9VIF_vEIOi)
Photo by Alex Braga on Unsplash
# How do we combat it? On the technological front, Koç Holding has developed an artificial intelligence-based early warning system called FireAId. This system analyzes over 400 variables to predict the risk of forest fires with 86% accuracy. It uses meteorological data (temperature, wind, humidity), demographic and settlement data, and informs institutions in advance, allowing for proactive intervention and faster response times. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has emphasized pre-season precautions and urged the public to avoid lighting fires in forest areas. Minister İbrahim Yumaklı stated that forest protection is a shared responsibility, not just a government duty. Especially in the summer tourism season, the majority of fires are human-induced, often due to negligence. Therefore, raising public awareness is vital. The Turkish Foresters’ Association reports that between 2015 and 2024, there were 27,330 forest fires in Türkiye, destroying 257,607 hectares of forest. The provinces most affected were Muğla, İzmir, and Antalya, all rich in forest resources. These fires not only harm biodiversity but also have significant economic and environmental consequences. ![green forest Photo by Steven Kamenar on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*BNgNhmFIZck3-64v)
Photo by Steven Kamenar on Unsplash
# Recap 2025 marks a critical turning point for Türkiye in the fight against forest fires. While AI-based technologies like FireAId offer significant advantages, the battle cannot be won without public participation, strong policy frameworks, and sustainable forest management. Protecting forests means protecting the future of nature and humanity. # References [Anadolu Agency (AA) ](http://www.aa.com.tr/) [Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry](http://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/) [European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS)](http://effis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/) [Climate Action Tracker](http://www.climateactiontracker.org/) ]]> Rooted in Resilience: How To Conquer Food Insecurity https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/rooted-in-resilience-how-to-conquer-food-insecurity https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/rooted-in-resilience-how-to-conquer-food-insecurity Mon, 07 Jul 2025 02:11:02 GMT Mali is a culture that faces a quiet and mostly unnoticed struggle against food insecurity. Learn about why addressing this food insecurity is important, the potential solutions within Mali and how you can make a difference! Photo by Gyan Shahane on Unsplash # Introduction Mali is a culture that faces a quiet and mostly unnoticed struggle against food insecurity. Food insecurity is a major issue in the country, which affects most of their population, and requires innovative and long-term solutions to combat. To address hunger and increase food security in Mali, a mix of old and new methods and technologies is needed. The people and communities should take the first step by adopting them. To achieve this, Mali’s government needs to work together, plan accordingly, and communicate with its people… Food insecurity isn’t just a statistic — it’s a crisis that touches the lives of real people every day. But if we shift our lens towards proven traditional strategies and resilient crops, there is a way forward. This isn’t just about feeding people — it’s about restoring autonomy, dignity, and climate resilience through intelligent agriculture. # The Crisis: Poverty, Climate, and Conflict Mali is a landlocked nation in West Africa that has a multi-party democracy. Over half of its people live in rural areas, with agriculture being the preferred occupation, especially around the Niger River due to abundant water resources. However, conflicts and climate shifts in the region cause poverty in almost half the population. About 1.6 million kids need urgent help, and nearly a third of children under five are stunted. Climate change plays a large role in this mess. Agriculture is a huge factor in Mali despite only 4% of Mali’s land being cultivated, with cotton and cereals driving the economy. Agriculture significantly contributes to Mali’s economy, constituting 37% of its GDP and engaging 80% of Malians. Households have around six people living in huts or mud houses. Their diet includes raised chickens, lamb, beef, fish, and veggies like carrots, yams, sweet potatoes, peanuts, with rice as a major part. This is not just a matter of food — it is a matter of survival, sovereignty, and justice. If we ignore these overlapping threats, we are complicit in the problem. But if we lean into solutions designed by and for Malians, we can rewrite the future of food security for millions. ![Malian children in a village. Photo by Bob Brewer on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Uyboj8-OjXH25TRG)
Photo by Bob Brewer on Unsplash
# Food Insecurity and Climate Change Food insecurity in Mali is registered at 30%, which equates to about 6.3 million people, with about 1.2 million of these being children. Income poverty has a direct relation to malnutrition as it directly decides whether you have enough money to spend on caloric and nutritious foods. However, there are factors other than poverty that affect food insecurity, the primary one of which is climate change. Most of Mali is either a desert or a semi-desert, meaning that they don’t get enough rain in a year, which is further aggravated by the effects of climate change. Since the 1900s, Mali has suffered more droughts and has seen its land become more desert-like due to climate change. Five severe droughts, partly caused and exacerbated by climate change, put 1.2 million Malians at risk of famine and led to the deaths of tens of thousands of Malians and millions of cattle. Rainfall in Mali has decreased by about 30% since 1980, leading to major subsistence crops like wheat, millet, and sorghum decreasing in production by even 50% in some years. We are past the point of theoretical concern — these are real-world consequences with deadly outcomes. But the solution doesn’t require a miracle. It requires intentional investment in strategies that already exist and already work. ![Photo by Mark Eder on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*7EVcDKCbatjHnEnS)
Photo by Mark Eder on Unsplash
# A New Hope: Cassava Cassava is a highly nutritious crop that has been a staple food in East and Central Africa since the late 1500s. Cassava is very versatile as its flour can be used for baking, and its leaves are rich in calcium, protein, and essential vitamins. Furthermore, its starchy roots can serve various purposes from starch production to bioethanol/fuel production. Another one of its amazing capabilities is its ability to adapt to extreme situations such as droughts and poor soil, which is now making cassava the largest major African food crop that is able to adapt to climate change by 2030. Yet, despite its potential, Malian farmers restrict cassava production to small-scale gardens due to its low yield and other problems. A similar policy to Nigeria’s NextGen Cassava project in Mali, implemented by drawing on IITA’s expertise and collaborating with them, could create high-yielding cassava varieties for Malian farmers. Imagine a future where every village grows a climate-proof staple crop — one that nourishes, strengthens, and fuels progress. Cassava could be that future. But only if we stop underestimating its value and start giving it the investment it deserves. ![A cassava plant being harvested. Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*ul10pyopE7xwNjnQ)
Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash
# Indigenous Wisdom: Multicropping and Crop Rotation Centuries-old knowledge and agricultural methods passed down from generation to generation, such as multi-cropping and crop rotation, shouldn’t be forgotten. Multi-cropping is the cultivation of complementary crops in the same land over a year to better soil quality and fertility by managing nutrients in the soil. It also augments soil carbon and nitrogen levels, bolstering crop yield, especially in the long run. The diversity prevalent in the practice of multi-cropping mitigates the risks of entire crop failure in the event of disease for one particular crop. Crop rotation presents another method to enhance the use of soil nutrients throughout the seasons. Unlike monoculture, which depletes soil quality and nutrient concentration, crop rotation preserves nutrients, ensures quality, and decreases the chance of erosion. Despite the many advantages multi-cropping offers, Malian farmers have not fully embraced it, making it a missed opportunity. If farmers were empowered to use their land more efficiently with these methods, the entire country could take a leap toward self-sufficiency. These are not experimental practices — they are proven tools waiting to be scaled with vision and resolve. ![Photo by Wanasanan Phonnaun on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*6xU-VtYdBIi4zTFY)
Photo by Wanasanan Phonnaun on Unsplash
# Bambara: Mali’s Native Supercrop Bambara, an indigenous African legume, shows excellent resilience against many conditions, exhibiting many climate-smart traits like nitrogen fixation and tolerance to poor soils and drought. Furthermore, its nutritional composition comprises 65% carbohydrates, 24% protein, 6% fat, and 5% fiber in addition to rich mineral content, rendering it a holistic food source. While Bambara was used everywhere before colonization, it is very underused today. Bambara has the potential to be a nitrogen-fixing crop in rotation systems like multi-cropping and crop rotation with major crops like wheat and cotton. Furthermore, its adaptability across Mali’s diverse environments, from deserts to the tropical south, makes it suitable for widespread adoption. We are sitting on a forgotten solution. With support and awareness, Bambara can become a cornerstone of Mali’s food future. All it takes is the courage to prioritize what truly works over what merely looks impressive on paper. ![A market with many nuts including Bambara. Photo by George Kedenburg III on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*NxGtfHUB2NdJFVqn)
Photo by George Kedenburg III on Unsplash
# A Holistic Way Forward To achieve food security in Mali, the problem requires a holistic approach using multi-faceted solutions, including agricultural methods like multi-cropping and crop rotation in addition to including varieties like Bambara and Cassava to growing systems. Reviving indigenous forgotten farming practices will lead to a sturdy, fruitful and sustainable agricultural environment in Mali. We can’t afford to keep relying on short-term aid or imported solutions that fail to address local realities. The answer is already in Mali’s soil. Let’s amplify it — boldly, urgently, and intelligently. # How You Can Help Advocate for investment in indigenous agriculture. Support organizations focused on sustainable farming in West Africa. Raise awareness of climate-driven food insecurity.
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# References [World Food Programme](https://www.wfp.org/countries/mali) [Mayes et al.](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03191-6) [ReliefWeb](https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/mali-alarming-food-crisis-leaves-12-million-hungry) [IITA](https://www.iita.org/news-item/new-insights-to-help-advance-cassava-breeding-worldwide/#:~:text=IITA%20is%20a%20key%20partner,and%20distributing%20improved%20cassava%20varieties.&text=Researchers%20from%20IITA%2C%20Cornell%2C%20the,help%20inform%20cassava%20breeding%20worldwide.) [UNICEF](https://www.unicef.org/press-releases%20%20/nearly-one-million-children-mali-risk-acute-malnutrition-end-2023-unicef-wfp#:~:text=As%20o%20f%20%2030%20June%202023.) [Benjaminsen & Ba](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40205268) [Crop Trust](https://www.croptrust.org/pgrfa-hub/crops-countries-and-genebanks/countries/mali/#:~:text=Mar%20ket%20gardens%20produce%20a%20variety) [Chen T. et al.](https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.804527)]]> Trump’s Policies on Oil Drilling and Deforestation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/trumps-policies-on-oil-drilling-and-deforestation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/trumps-policies-on-oil-drilling-and-deforestation Sat, 14 Jun 2025 18:54:55 GMT During his presidency from 2017 to 2021, Donald J. Trump’s environmental policies, particularly concerning oil drilling and deforestation, sparked widespread controversy. These approaches raised serious concerns about the role of the United States in the global fight against climate change. Photo by gryffyn M. on Unsplash
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At the core of Trump’s energy policy was the expansion of fossil fuel production. Under the “America First Energy Plan,” numerous regulations were rolled back. Protected natural areas like Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) were opened to oil and gas drilling. Further, offshore drilling bans were lifted, encouraging new exploration in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. These decisions led to ecosystem degradation, threatened marine life habitats, and increased carbon emissions. ![oil drill structure on water Photo by Maria Lupan on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*BwVevTFUkbc30e_w)
Photo by Maria Lupan on Unsplash
Regarding deforestation, the Trump administration also took steps that alarmed environmentalists. The size of several national monument forest areas was significantly reduced. For example, in Utah, the Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante monuments saw their protected lands drastically shrunk. These changes paved the way for mining, logging, and other commercial activities. Forest conservation is crucial, not only for preserving biodiversity, but also because forests act as carbon sinks that help mitigate global warming. Despite scientific warnings, the administration prioritized short-term economic gains over environmental sustainability. ![pile of cut down logs Photo by Meritt Thomas on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*SPuYlcOWw2FfKouZ)
Photo by Meritt Thomas on Unsplash
Additionally, Trump withdrew the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement, signaling a major step backward in the global effort to combat climate change. The administration also shortened environmental impact assessment processes, fast-tracking large infrastructure projects and allowing oil pipelines and highways to cut through natural habitats with limited environmental oversight. ![highway cutting through forest Photo by Holden Baxter on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*vfvB39J2OuuqHjM3)
Photo by Holden Baxter on Unsplash
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# References: [U.S. Department of the Interior. (2020). Opening the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to Oil and Gas Development.](https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases) [The White House Archives (Trump Administration). (2017). An America First Energy Plan.](https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/) [National Geographic. (2019). Trump shrinks two national monuments in Utah, saying ‘public lands will be for public use’](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/) [United Nations. (2017). Statement on U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement.](https://www.un.org/press/en) [The New York Times. (2020). Trump’s Environmental Rollbacks.](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html) [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2020). Review of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Changes.](https://www.epa.gov/) ]]> You Can’t Get People to Care About the Environment: The Struggle of Activism https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/you-cant-get-people-to-care-about-the-environment-the-struggle-of-activism https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/you-cant-get-people-to-care-about-the-environment-the-struggle-of-activism Thu, 22 May 2025 02:48:46 GMT A much-needed conversation on definitory boxes, progress, infighting, political noise, marginal value, and the revolution of minds. Photo by The Climate Reality Project on Unsplash # Why Do People Care? There is a greater question to be had regarding what makes an issue political in the first place, and while this question can seemingly be answered by bringing up money, there are hazy edges at which this answer falls apart. The environment, specifically climate change, is no doubt a “hot” topic in modern-day politics, which can be seen (with varying importance) in many countries across the globe. What becomes interesting to look at is the degree to which environmental activism has made actual, tangible change. People who care about climate change typically care because they have certain personal values and ideas, and align themselves with green issues because they see a bigger picture. They have looked toward the future, and through various means of gathering information, have deduced that what we, as a country or planet, are doing is truly harmful and will have adverse effects on our Earth in the future. However, not all people think this way. Some people don’t believe or trust the same sources of information as others; some are vehemently against environmental action as they don’t care about something that probably won’t happen in their lifetime; and some people are against it not because they are against making the Earth a better place, but because the people they are against the people who do believe in doing so. # Labels and Boxes ![Photo by Element5 Digital on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*cKtqi_4ok_z5-jsj)
Photo by Element5 Digital on Unsplash
Here we see an issue with some facets of modern-day politics, the idea of labels, or more accurately, boxes that people create to put themselves and others into. Countless political spectrums exist to place people on a simplistic 2D grid or line. A famous one is the “political compass” which consists of a set of two axes, the x-axis spanning “left” to “right” and the y-axis “liberal” to “authoritarian”. Of course, we also see political parties. In the United States, with only two main parties, many people identify with a vast majority of other ideologies and parties. All of these are only abstractions of real people and are largely unsuccessful in defining someone perfectly. The political compass can be considered flawed because it only has two axes, which are unable to accurately define everyone who wishes to be placed on it. Some people try and fix this issue by abstracting further, adding more axes, more groups, more labels. In the end, however, definition only has so much intrinsic value to us. While it can be argued that the point of these graphics isn’t to perfectly define someone, there is a reason why these broad definitions are harmful. Some people try and find the perfect label to fit themselves, one that is closest to what they believe in, and others align themselves on the simplest scale of “left” and “right”. While it feels like definition is just that, definition, and doesn’t have any real influence in our world, we see that this isn’t really true. The vast majority of people do not spend their waking hours researching topics and engaging with articles and research. The common citizen aligns themselves to an ideology based on a few factors that relate to their political socialization, and then most of these people just take on the rest of the beliefs of their general group. What we see from this are people debating not with thought-out ideas, but with a box in their hand. Ideas get nowhere because if an idea becomes politicized, people define the idea on the same spectrum they use to define themselves. Climate change is a “liberal idea”, LGBTQ+ issues are “woke nonsense”, and taxing the rich is “communist”. Here, all reasoning and debate die. People find themselves against the labels rather than the actual issue itself. This idea was brought to light in a study done in 2020 where people were given political issues, then were told whether or not such an issue was agreed with more or less by a certain party. What was found is that people who aligned with one party were more inclined to agree with an issue if they were given the context that an issue fell within their party, even if it didn’t. This goes both ways, even two groups who generally align themselves with more “leftist” talking points may be fully against each other. One group may see certain ideas as radical and idealistic, and the other group with these “radical” ideas might consider the first group as “performative” or “pandering”. It is important to understand, however, that different people have different levels of care for political issues as a whole. The main idea here is that while not everyone uses these labels, what we see, especially among those who engage in reactionary politics, is that these labels are the path of least resistance to being correct. People become convinced that something is harmful to their way of life, or to some other personal value they have, and don’t ever wish to do their due diligence in “checking” themselves and changing their sentiment.
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# References: [NIH](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7657482/) [Gallup](https://news.gallup.com/poll/651977/americans-trust-media-remains-trend-low.aspx)]]> Green Energy or Green Destruction? The Environmental Cost of Lithium Mining https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/green-energy-or-green-destruction-the-environmental-cost-of-lithium-mining https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/green-energy-or-green-destruction-the-environmental-cost-of-lithium-mining Sun, 11 May 2025 02:13:41 GMT Naturally, it is important to work towards a transition to green energy. However, considering the social, ecological, and economic dimensions of this transition must not be ignored. Learn about how lithium mining reminds us of this important knowledge. Photo by MiningWatch Portugal on Unsplash # Where Does Lithium Come From? How Is It Extracted? Lithium is generally extracted from countries like Australia, Chile, Argentina, and China, or from saltwater basins. The “Lithium Triangle” in South America (Bolivia, Chile, Argentina) contains the richest sources of this element. However, it has become a topic of debate whether lithium mining is as innocent as it seems. Lithium, extracted for energy production, consumes underground water. It degrades the soil and ecosystems. It harms the vital resources of local people. In Chile’s Atacama Desert, it takes the consumption of 500,000 liters of water to produce 1 ton of lithium. This seriously endangers agriculture and drinking water resources. ![Photo by John Cameron on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*lOLcxkLZWZZW89r0)
Photo by John Cameron on Unsplash
# Electric Vehicles: How Much Do They Harm Nature While Reducing Carbon? Even though electric vehicles create fewer carbon emissions compared to traditional vehicles, they consume large amounts of energy. Additionally, industries required to produce these electric vehicles damage the environment in their own right. Particularly, the industries below contribute to the negative impact of electric vehicle production: ● Mineral Mining in lithium, nickel, and cobalt requires large amounts of water and energy. ● Battery Production generates harmful emissions production process. ● The recycling infrastructure for electric vehicle parts are still insufficient. The lithium demand of giant companies like Tesla causes thousands of hectares of land to be ecologically destroyed. Moreover, such vehicle manufacturers have recently been subject to frequent protests by activists. ![Photo by Possessed Photography on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Wh_uqqK97NaTDBjo)
Photo by Possessed Photography on Unsplash
# Who Pays the Price? The Issue of Environmental Justice So, who is most affected by lithium mining? Of course, indigenous peoples. During resource extraction activities, indigenous people face the danger of extinction. They are often ignored and excluded from decision-making processes, allowing for factors that cause long-term health problems for their communities to persist. They are the ones paying the price. This situation turns into an issue of environmental justice: “Clean energy for whom, at whose expense?” ![Photo by Ian Macharia on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*5BswydjjfbT33xGE)
Photo by Ian Macharia on Unsplash
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# A Green Future Cannot Be Built with Technology Alone Naturally, it is important to work towards a transition to green energy. However, considering the social, ecological, and economic dimensions of this transition must not be ignored. Lithium mining reminds us of this: Real sustainability is not just about reducing carbon, it is about building a fair and balanced life with all living beings. # References: [BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-67028209) [Human Rights Watch](https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/02/06/us-lithium-mine-permit-violates-indigenous-peoples-rights) [The Independent](https://www.the-independent.com/news/ap-chile-argentina-joe-biden-earth-b2511915.html) [Environmental Health News](https://www.ehn.org/zimbabwe-s-lithium-mining-faces-scrutiny-over-environmental-and-social-issues) [Business and Human Rights Resource Centre](https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/brazil-communities-in-the-jequitinhonha-valley-report-environmental-impact-and-damage-to-housing-caused-by-lithium-mining/) [Mongabay](https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/as-lithium-mining-bleeds-atacama-salt-flat-dry-indigenous-communities-hit-back/)]]> How Italy’s Mountain Re-Population Program Will Affect Its Natural Beauty https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/how-italys-mountain-repopulation-program-will-affect-its-natural-beauty https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/how-italys-mountain-repopulation-program-will-affect-its-natural-beauty Sun, 11 May 2025 02:04:20 GMT As regions such as Trentino aim to combat a stagnant population by subsidizing the renovation costs of whoever is willing to come and stay in the region for a full decade, there are environmental risks to consider. Photo By -SA 3.0, The Italian subsidization of their mountaintop properties aims to breathe life back into depreciating Italian towns, however, there is much more to the story. # The Program The residents of Trentino, a beautiful mountainous region bordering the Swiss Alps, are suffering economically. The town has been in decline for decades, due in part to a declining job market and a population that is increasingly aging. With a population of younger residents remaining stagnant, growth is stifled in the region. In order to combat this, the region of Trentino is offering up to €100,000 to individuals willing to move to the region and use the money to restore a home. These individuals are expected to live in the home for at least 10 years to keep the subsidy, or rent out the space in their place. There is a cap of €200,000, meaning that the new owner can pay for a total of €100,000 out of pocket for renovation. This cap exists to keep the town relatively small, and not provide land to already wealthy landowners who may want to transform the property into something larger. ![Zairon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*umsE0QGsqEl-0YDzWhEefw.jpeg)
Photo By-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
# Environmental Concerns Mountainous regions in particular are subject to the effects of climate change, with regions such as Trentino seeing a sharp increase in their average temperatures, which can be seen clearly through a general reduction in snow coverage on the mountains in the area. Besides the warming temperatures, the region, due to its vast beauty, has seen a lot of tourism. Ski resorts that were built within the region are particular offenders to climate concerns, as such resorts have a direct impact on the mountains in terms of disrupting natural wildlife and typical deforestation efforts. However, officials of the region are largely aware of these climate impacts and have visions to make the region sustainable including increasing biodiversity and strengthening local ecosystems. Yet, in light of the region’s recent investment in stimulating the aging population and bringing more people into their towns, Trentino rides a fine line and must be wary of the effects a growing population will have on the environment in the region. ![Giuseppe Milo, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*X2ZdiA-3lYz4uIKTA_CKCg.jpeg)
Photo By Giuseppe Milo
# Pros and Cons The re-population efforts Trentino is undergoing may provide an overall positive effect on the environment. Re-population efforts will bring more agriculture and forestry to the region, which, given proper regulation, can provide benefits. Sustainable farming efforts have been seen to improve the biodiversity of the land, and the region has been focusing on such efforts in recent years. Another benefit of a larger population is more people to care for the area and physically maintain the mountains. While these are some positives, given the lack of regulation, the region may be subject to over-development and aggressive tourism efforts that would not have sustainability as a main focus. As stated prior, the €200,000 cap on renovations seeks to limit over-development, but this cap is only for those who participate in the program. If the area becomes lucrative enough to investors, it could be possible that developments such as more resorts may be built. Another influence of re-population is the resource strain that comes with more people. If the area is unable to provide sufficient resources for a growing population, then it will place increasing strain on such resources in the area.
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# Recap As regions such as Trentino aim to combat a stagnant population by subsidizing the renovation costs of whoever is willing to come and stay in the region for a full decade, there are environmental risks to consider. While Trentino has had a focus on sustainability in the past, it is very possible that if this focus wavers, the region will become even more susceptible to the changes in climate that have already negatively influenced the natural beauty of the mountains. # Resources [CNN](https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/21/travel/trentino-italy-paying-to-buy-houses/index.html) [indiatimes](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/too-good-to-be-true-this-italian-mountain-town-will-pay-you-100000-to-relocate-details-inside/articleshow/119345482.cms) [OECD](https://oecdcogito.blog/2023/07/25/the-comeback-kid-how-smart-policy-turned-trentino-around/) [Springer](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-025-03890-y)]]> The Myanmar Earthquake: A Clear View https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-myanmar-earthquake-a-clear-view https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-myanmar-earthquake-a-clear-view Mon, 14 Apr 2025 01:17:18 GMT As Myanmar suffers the effects of an earthquake they were not prepared for, it is likely that the lack of humanitarian aid provided by the United States could’ve caused many preventable deaths. However, the United States has done little to nothing to provide humanitarian aid for the ongoing disaster in Myanmar. Photo By China News Service, A 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck unprepared Myanmar on March 28th, causing significant damage across the entire country.
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# Total At the time during which the earthquake first occurred, there was mass uncertainty all across Myanmar as the true numbers of deaths and injuries very quickly racked up. A week later, the total death count has surpassed 3,300, with another 4,500 people injured and 220 still missing. ![Feiza, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*o3tXmmUxzLlumXKEgGBxzA.png)
Photo By Feiza
# The United States As the United Nations rallied countries worldwide to aid Myanmar in its disaster, the UK, China, Russia, India, and many others pledged millions in humanitarian aid. However, the United States has done little to nothing to provide humanitarian aid for the ongoing disaster in Myanmar. This comes as the Trump administration fired the USAID workers who were actively working on-site in Myanmar to assess the gravity of damage, and were trying to determine how and where USAID could assist in the ongoing disaster. Marco Rubio, the current United States Secretary of State, has previously stated that the United States would continue to provide funding for humanitarian efforts and global crises. Nevertheless, this position seems to contradict recent developments, as USAID is on track to be fully dismantled. The newly established Department of Government Efficiency, led by Elon Musk, is also responsible for the lack of United States involvement in Myanmar. This is part of his ongoing reductions to USAID and foreign aid as a whole within the U.S. government. ![Pallets of food, water and supplies staged to be delivered](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*hhkbEIeBICSE1mpwfLBXtQ.jpeg)
Pallets of food, water and supplies staged to be delivered
# Salt On The Wound While yes, many other countries have pledged to aid in the Myanmar disaster, another 20 million (which is an estimate of how much the United States would’ve provided given other circumstances) in immediate aid would’ve been invaluable to the people of Myanmar. During the ongoing crisis, temperatures are soaring to extreme highs, with those who are left homeless forced to camp out in conditions reaching 100°F. Additionally, Myanmar is experiencing continuous rain and storms as workers tirelessly search for the 220 people still missing. Myanmar will be recovering from this disaster for much longer than a few weeks, as disease begins to spread across the country and thousands are still left homeless. Usually, the United States would follow up its initial aid package with continued aid to speed up the recovery time of a disaster of this scale, but they haven’t. ![User:Minntheking, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*A7n8O-iFQx2PXKHSa9fhSw.jpeg)
Photo By Minntheking
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# Recap As Myanmar suffers the effects of an earthquake they were not prepared for, it is likely that the lack of humanitarian aid provided by the United States could’ve caused many preventable deaths. As the Trump Administration continues to cut more and more workers and funding to vital programs such as USAID, we will see many more people suffer to simply save a few million dollars. # References: [NBC](https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/myanmar-earthquake-us-rescuers-absent-usaid-rcna199823) [NYT](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/05/us/politics/aid-workers-myanmar-fired.html) [NPR](https://www.npr.org/sections/goats-and-soda/2025/04/01/g-s1-57335/what-kind-of-support-is-the-u-s-offering-in-the-wake-of-the-myanmar-quake) [Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/myanmar-earthquake-toll-crosses-3000-forecast-rains-pose-new-threat-rescuers-2025-04-03/)]]> The Privatization of the Space Industry: Through An Environmental Lens https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-privatization-of-the-space-industry-through-an-environmental-lens https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-privatization-of-the-space-industry-through-an-environmental-lens Wed, 09 Apr 2025 01:34:56 GMT The launch of rockets into space, which have brought us great technologies, have adverse effects on our planet’s atmosphere and temperature. Unfortunately, the privatization of the space industry looks like it may create more harm than good for Earth, leaving both the people and space in the palms of billionaires who may not have our best interests at heart. Photo By Steve Jurvetson. In the 21st century, the private sector has become increasingly interested in a new frontier: Space.
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# The Privatization of the Space Industry In stark contrast to the Cold War, our modern-day game of space exploration has seen a few new players added to the mix. We have noticed the growth of companies such as SpaceX and Blue Origin, which have taken control of the American space industry while being heavily backed and subsidized by NASA. The main claim that SpaceX went to market with was a stout promise of reducing the monetary waste that comes with space travel. This is the main talking point when considering the benefits of privatizing the industry. However, there are several issues associated with the privatization of space, with one major concern being the lack of adequate regulations for these private companies. This regulatory gap often fails to account for the novel, idealistic, and capitalist goals of the billionaires behind these private companies. The Outer Space Treaty, created during the heart of the Space Race and the Cold War, is an international treaty providing a skeleton of regulations to protect us from damaging or misusing space. Specifically, Article IX was created to ensure that space should be respected as an environment that we must aim to protect. The cracks in this resolution are beginning to show as we birth new ideas like space tourism and the colonization of Mars. The treaty, while including a section for environmental protection, had the overarching goal of keeping weapons out of space and keeping the frontier open for peaceful scientific research. The concern comes with the vague wording within the treaty, wording that could create a loophole for private space companies such as SpaceX and Blue Origin to be exempt from the resolutions defined within the treaty. While these companies have made strides in space exploration with their innovations in reusable rocket technology, we cannot trust that the intentions of the men behind these companies are pure. ![Joel Kowsky, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*32aTxDvD5TcMuj1Ma0GqPA.jpeg)
Photo By Joel Kowsky
# A World For Many in the Palms of the Few Rocket launches require many propellants to reach the Earth’s escape velocity. These propellants are a direct risk to our atmosphere as the rocket breaks into orbit. SpaceX rocket Falcon9 releases carbon dioxide equal to the emissions that would be created from driving a car 70 times around the Earth. Another large concern comes with the black carbon that is emitted during take-off. Black carbon creates risks for both the health of people and the climate alike. Not only does black carbon contribute to the gradual warming of our atmosphere as shown in multiple studies, but it has also been shown to increase carcinogenic risks in adults and children. While some might consider these figures to be insignificant in contrast to other carbon-based issues facing our planet, the worry comes with the prioritization of the space industry. Around 2005, there was a relative dip in the number of orbital launch attempts in comparison to the heights that we had seen during the Space Race in the ‘60s and ‘70s. However, since 2005, we have seen a steady, then sharp increase in the number of orbital launch attempts. 2023 saw a total of 223 attempts total. What is significant is that just over 50% of these launches were done commercially by companies such as Elon Musk’s SpaceX or Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin. Space travel as we know it is becoming increasingly dominated by the private sector, with profits being the main motivator for these private companies. It is very possible that the rise of space tourism could occur within the next few decades. Given how the data is trending, the number of rockets launched into space year after year is only going to increase, and with it, so will the amount of carbon emissions within our atmosphere. ![SpaceX, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*NeVuL9Wfddw_6watGjK2ww.jpeg)
Photo By SpaceX
# The Hope What remains is hope that our innovations in space have environmental benefits that outweigh the faults of our private sector. Our innovations in space have already equipped us with many more tools to protect our planet, with advanced satellite systems and imaging giving us a full picture of our past and present impact on the environment. With more data, we are more equipped to handle the issues that will face us in the future. However, more hope remains in terms of the private sector. While Elon Musk’s idea for Mars is looking to be more of a pipe dream and a way to increase publicity, there would be environmental benefits in colonizing Mars. The main reason is that Mars could provide a “backup” if our planet continues down its path of environmental destruction. However, our sights should be set on saving our current planet. For now, we should hope for regulation over the current privatized space industry. Regulation would ensure that the cosmos above us truly remain a haven for scientific research and innovation, not another market to capitalize on. ![Photo by SpaceX](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*_hiBh6HsmPV1tKJdKXHpSQ.jpeg)
Photo by SpaceX
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# Recap The launch of rockets into space, which have brought us great technologies, have adverse effects on our planet’s atmosphere and temperature. The increased influence the private sector has had over space exploration in recent history, with Elon Musk’s SpaceX and Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin leading this charge of commercial space flight, is worrying. Given the loopholes that could reside within the Outer Space Treaty and the incentive for these companies to continue launching rockets into space, the privatization of the space industry looks like it may create more harm than good for Earth, leaving both the people and space in the palms of billionaires who may not have our best interests at heart. # References: [United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs](https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html) [AGU](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021JD036373) [sciencedirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935119303111) [statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/185464/total-us-commercial-space-launches-since-1990/) [Northwestern Scholarly Commons](https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1248&context=njlsp) [theconversation](https://theconversation.com/private-companies-are-exploiting-outer-space-but-the-law-is-struggling-to-catch-up-223994) [gcsp](https://www.gcsp.ch/global-insights/privatization-space-when-things-go-wrong) [Sacred Heart University Commons](https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1848&context=acadfest) [scotscoop](https://scotscoop.com/the-privatization-of-the-space-industry-is-negatively-affecting-the-environment/)]]> Trump’s Withdrawl from the Paris Climate Agreement and What That Entails https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/trumps-withdrawl-from-the-paris-climate-agreement-and-what-that-entails https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/trumps-withdrawl-from-the-paris-climate-agreement-and-what-that-entails Fri, 21 Mar 2025 02:21:20 GMT Trump’s decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement and other environmental accords will hinder environmental progress for both America and the rest of the world. Read to learn more about how political decisions are affecting our Earth! Photo by Natilyn Hicks Photography on Unsplash On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 14162, or “Putting America First In International Environmental Agreements,” directing the immediate withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement and other international climate commitments. The Paris Agreement is an international agreement aimed at limiting the average rise in global temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius. As part of the agreement, every country involved outlines its plans to achieve these reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Trump also withdrew financial contributions to the Green Climate Fund. This fund channels billions of dollars from developed nations — those most accountable for the climate crisis— to assist developing countries in transitioning from coal to green energy sources. # Trump’s Reasoning for the Withdrawal ![Photo by Library of Congress on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*ZgTFkLSDgzjIRp1P)
Photo by Library of Congress on Unsplash
Trump’s justification for these withdrawals is that it places “unfair economic burdens” on the United States, claiming that the agreement is “one-sided” and benefits other countries, specifically China and India, more than the United States. He says that meeting the Paris commitments would lead to job losses in coal, manufacturing, and fossil fuel industries, as these industries produce large amounts of greenhouse gases. However, it’s estimated that a transition to clean energy would create millions of new jobs for American citizens. Trump promised to revitalize these fossil fuel sectors during his presidency, despite the massive amounts of damage it will bring to the environment. In addition, Trump claims that halting payments towards the Green Climate Fund will save America money since they don’t have to “waste taxpayer dollars.” The Obama administration pledged $3 billion to the Green Climate Fund, but only $1 billion was paid before Trump halted payments. # Why is this an issue? ![Photo by Chris LeBoutillier on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*_elJpbUxtZuMU1i1)
Photo by Chris LeBoutillier on Unsplash
America is the world’s second-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, emitting 4.9 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2023, even with environmental regulations put in place. Trump has already removed over 100 environmental regulations, which climate experts estimate will lead to hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere. This will be detrimental to the environment, as the climate change situation is already in a dire state. As a world power, America should be taking the initiative to reduce carbon emissions and make the switch to more renewable energy sources. It has caused an even greater divide within our country, turning climate change into a political issue rather than a scientific one. Trump has set a precedent for American citizens, encouraging them to neglect the environment and discouraging them from making environmentally beneficial decisions. Not only do these actions put the United States at a setback, preventing any major strides to reduce excess carbon emissions, but they also prevent poorer, developing nations from doing the same. Since Trump pulled back on the remaining $2 billion that was meant to be given to the Green Climate Fund, developing nations will have a harder time trying to finance climate projects. These decisions also put our foreign relations in peril, as our allies, specifically in Europe, placed high value on battling climate change. French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel criticized Trump’s decision to pull out of the Paris agreement. With Trump removing the United States from these environmental agreements previously joined by our former presidents, the United States will no longer be considered a reliable partner for global issues, whether they are climate-related or not.
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# Summary Trump’s decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement and other environmental accords will hinder environmental progress for both America and the rest of the world. With many environmental regulations gone, there be a dramatic increase in carbon emissions. Moreover, Trump’s decisions have turned climate change into a political issue. Developing nations will no longer have the funds to switch to sustainable energy, and American allies will no longer see the United States as reliable. Trump’s choices not only negatively affect the environment, but also cause even more foreign and domestic issues. # References www.hrw.org www.theguardian.com www.reuters.com [apnews.com ](https://apnews.com/article/climate-trump-green-energy-us-africa-indonesia-8adac422057e9aaf165f7c6b16dbc315?source=post_page-----23c6129f65f9---------------------------------------) ]]> Hydroponics: If You Weren’t Convinced Already https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/hydroponics-if-you-werent-convinced-already https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/hydroponics-if-you-werent-convinced-already Mon, 03 Mar 2025 02:32:51 GMT While hydroponics has not seen large investment in our present day, the environmental benefits of hydroponic farming grows increasingly valuable. Learn why hydroponics is so important and why it should be implemented to preserve our environment! Photo By Kurt Kaiser Sustainable farming is the future. Hydroponics is our ticket to bring agriculture to urban centers, all while being resource efficient and environmentally friendly.
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# What is Hydroponics? Hydroponics involves the growing of plants directly in water. While this may seem simple, the benefits that both the plant and farmer reap are vast. The main benefit is that hydroponics can be done on an extremely small plot of land because the plants are able to be stacked upward, and are also able to be done completely indoors. Growing plants like this reduces the amount of water required to grow a single plant, as all the water the plant needs is consolidated into one spot, all while making the plant grow at a faster rate. Hydroponic farming practices have been shown to increase the growth rate of plants by around 40%. ![Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0 US, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*4v8TELm7UOAEikxZp53tHw.jpeg)
Photo By Forest & Kim Starr
# What’s Wrong With Traditional Farming? As Earth’s population continues to grow, scientists have grown increasingly worried whether or not traditional farming techniques will be able to keep up with not only food demands, but energy and land demands. As the population has grown in recent history, we have seen an increase in this demand of energy, and the environmental cost of farming as a result of increased energy demand will only continue to compound. This does not factor in the general health of the soil that traditional farms plant on. As we continue to annually plant new crops, the fertility of the soil in these fields wane year after year. To combat this, traditional farmers use many chemicals in the form of pesticides spread over a large area of land. This not only catalyzes the degradation of the soil, but puts animals living in the area at risk of death. While there are other sustainable farming practices made to make traditional farming less harmful to the environment, they pale in comparison to the benefits of hydroponic farming. The issues that those techniques partly prevent can be mostly prevented by switching over to hydroponics. ![Our World In Data, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*Tz85mLl60uKVpdWKiH4-3w.png)
BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
# A Future of Sustainable Farming Hydroponics becomes increasingly valuable as we inch closer to the future. By 2050, it is projected that 68% of people are expected to live in urban areas. Hydroponics is the key to meeting agricultural demands while reducing the poverty rates in urban and rural areas because of the small physical footprints of these hydroponic farms. Less land being used for traditional farms allows for more space for more people to live comfortably. There are some concerns with hydroponics however, mainly involving the cost of hydroponic farms. These farms are much more expensive to create and uphold than traditional farms, with costs mainly coming from the energy needed to keep the plants under a source of light. Of course while keeping a constant source of light is beneficial due to being able to grow any crop year round and also keep it growing 24 hours a day, energy costs are a real concern. However as we inch closer to this urbanized future, with our continual increase in population, the many benefits of hydroponic farming will eventually outweigh the negatives. We would benefit largely from not only investing in hydroponics in the future but also investing in clean and efficient energy sources to power these farms, such as nuclear or geothermal. ![Constellation Energy, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*N7jTQqkR8-gTInDlyyiAlQ.jpeg)
BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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# Recap While hydroponics has not seen large investment in our present day, the environmental benefits of hydroponic farming grows increasingly valuable as the soil health on traditional farms continues to falter, and as more and more land is taken to feed our growing population. If urbanization lies in our future, we would only be hurting ourselves to not make hydroponics a part of that future too. # References: [NIH](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10625363/) [Edengreen](https://www.edengreen.com/blog-collection/environmental-impact-of-traditional-and-vertical-farming-2021-report) [Princeton](https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/11/9/the-future-of-farming-hydroponics) ]]> The Irish Snowstorms No One Was Expecting: What Does It Mean? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-irish-snowstorms-no-one-was-expecting-what-does-it-mean https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-irish-snowstorms-no-one-was-expecting-what-does-it-mean Fri, 14 Feb 2025 17:06:27 GMT While these storms may have come and gone, and forever be left in the month of January 2025, any extreme weather event should be cause for at least some concern. While Ireland did get through the storms, with some panic, the country have been more prepared, and should really begin considering how to prepare for or prevent the next storm. Learn more about how these events are being caused by detrimental climate change! Photo By Albert Bridge During the month of January Ireland experienced some of the worst snowstorms they have had since 2017. While the people of Ireland were left brutally unprepared for such an event, should more dangerous weather be expected in the future?
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# What Happened? Storm Eowyn was one of the storms that hit Ireland on the 24th of January. This storm is considered to be one of the most significant weather events to hit Ireland for years, with the last huge storm occurring sometime 8 years ago, in 2017. Eowyn is given this label for good reason, with “record-breaking gusts” hitting speeds up to 183 kmh (114 mph). The storm resulted with around 625,000 properties being without power. Prior to Eowyn, on January 5th Ireland was hit with even more storms, with around 28,000 homes and businesses being left without power on the date. Three days later, on the 8th, Ireland was still experiencing the downfall of the storm. A few thousand citizens were left without water due to low reservoir levels, as a direct result of “weather-related pipe bursts”. January was a month of extreme weather events that Ireland simply wasn’t used to, which resulted in millions in damage and placing the citizens of Ireland into danger. ![cc-by-sa/2.0 — © Kenneth Allen — geograph.org.uk/p/7954806](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*Ey5zhFd2qGTaSVUIchzQVA.jpeg)
Photo By Kenneth Allen
# An Unprepared Nation After the first storm of the month, Irish citizens reacted in a big way. Similar to Covid, people were panic buying a multitude of products such as toilet paper and bread. On top of this, some citizens expressed a disdain toward the entire situation, blaming news networks of using “climate hysteria” to fearmonger the Irish people. Because of this, many people decided to consider the storm as “nothing more than a gust of wind”. It is very clear there was a split between how the media presented the storms and how the people received it. ![ Approach to Dyce on the A947 by Bill Harrison, CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*tyXgnVZ4Py8H0Q4pvKF-TA.jpeg)
Approach to Dyce on the A947 by Bill Harrison
Is This A Sign? While completely denying the severity of the storm is a bit ignorant, are there real worries to hold about the future of weather in Ireland? Storm Eowyn was said to be fueled by jet streams tracing the North Atlantic, and was the reason for the severity of the storm. The speed of the jet stream that caused the storm usually sits around 200 mph, but had increased to a speed of 260 mph the week of the storm. These increases in speeds do have links to climate change, with a study stating that these streams increase in speed by 2% for every degree Celsius the world warms. However, Storm Eowyn specifically has not been linked to climate change, as stated by environmental scientist Dr. Tara Shine. However, Dr. Shine believes that Ireland was chronically unprepared for extreme weather, and perhaps should start investing in becoming prepared for such events. The Irish Meteorological Service warns about how extreme weather events such as Storm Eowyn will only increase as the climate continues to change.
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# Recap While these storms may have come and gone, and forever be left in the month of January 2025, any extreme weather event should be cause for at least some concern. While Ireland did get through the storms, with some panic, the country have been more prepared, and should really begin considering how to prepare for or prevent the next storm. Climate Change is not stopping, and soon these anomalistic storms and winds may end up become the norm. # References: [Irish Mirror](https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/ireland-weather-snow-slam-after-34547652) [EuroWeekly](https://euroweeklynews.com/2025/01/05/ireland-battles-cold-snap-snow-power-cuts-and-travel-chaos/) [limericklive](https://www.limerickleader.ie/news/national-news/1694705/thousands-without-power-as-ireland-wakes-up-to-blanket-of-snow-amid-grim-weather-update.html) [gript ](https://gript.ie/january-snows-national-panic/) [BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3wewqx4w99o) [NY Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/23/weather/storm-eowyn-uk-ireland.html) [RTE](https://www.rte.ie/news/primetime/2025/0206/1495212-storm-eowyn-what-went-wrong-and-what-can-be-learned/) [Manchester Evening News](https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/uk-news/science-behind-storm-eowyn-sting-30857688) [CarbonBrief](https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-why-jet-streak-winds-will-get-faster-as-the-climate-warms/) ]]> Wetland to Wasteland: What You Need To Know About The Woodland Estates Luxury Apartment Complex https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/wetland-to-wasteland-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-woodland-estates-luxury-appartment-complex https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/wetland-to-wasteland-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-woodland-estates-luxury-appartment-complex Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:33:28 GMT East Fishkill and the residents of East Fishkill have absolutely nothing to gain from the approval of the Woodland Estates plan. Read more about the major problems within this project and what you can do to help save out environment! Luxury Apartment Complex East Fishkill Town Hall by Daniel Case , via Wikimedia Commons The Woodland Estates Luxury Apartment Complex is a proposed plan to build 468 luxury apartments within the town of East Fishkill. However, there are many reasons why this plan is being protested by the members of the town, and why you should consider signing a petition to stop construction.
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# The Plan On paper, the plan looks like a great addition to the town, with 23 new buildings, including recreational amenities such as pools and pickleball courts. However, the town of East Fishkill does not suffer from a lack of such amenities, or from a lack of luxury housing. ![Fishkill Creek Fishkill Creek by Daniel Case, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*Rn7q4YuLGFV7PDgwEpME1w.jpeg)
Fishkill Creek Fishkill Creek by Daniel Cases
# The Cons Issues arise when considering the necessity of such a project and whether it will be beneficial to the residents of the town. East Fishkill does not suffer from large poverty rates, however as housing prices increase, the marginal value in building more luxury estates should be evaluated. Luxury apartments should not be a priority in any town in which people find themselves unable to afford housing. The largest issue comes with the planned location of the new land. The complex is set to be built on 35 acres of undeveloped land within the town, which lies in very close proximity to Shenandoah creek. Within the original board meeting where the Woodland Estates was proposed, the plan had many unfinished thoughts and was not fully fleshed out. The claim made during the meeting was a “minimal” impact on Shenandoah creek. Not only is this vague, but there is nothing stopping an infringement of this promise when construction begins. The construction of the planned waste system is very likely to require drilling underneath the creek, and will negatively influence the natural environment around the estate. On top of this, there are more negative factors to consider that will occur during construction of the estate. The noise pollution, destruction of natural habitats, and disruption of this land are all cons that may outweigh the minimal benefits of more luxury estates. Finally, while those proposing the estate did not consider traffic at all within their presentation, “(these plans) are coming” board member Ed Miyoshi brought up these traffic concerns, along with further concerns regarding the sidewalk around NY-376 in which the estate will be built along. Other developments along 376, such as the one off of Cannon Lane are homes to many young children and the elderly, and an estate with 900 more parking spots will increase the congestion and danger of the entire roadway. ![Route 376 Route 376 by Airtuna08 at en.wikipedia](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*0rZmDcOHhTmumuvAdeLfdg.jpeg)
Route 376 by Airtuna
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# Recap East Fishkill and the residents of East Fishkill have absolutely nothing to gain from the approval of the Woodland Estates plan. The people at the helm of a project like this, do expect to gain profit from the construction of such an estate, and have little to no incentive to protect the wetlands on and around their build location. If you wish to help, the link here is where you can sign to protect the ecosystems of East Fishkill, and read up a little more on the entire project. # References: [Facebook // Original board meeting ](https://www.facebook.com/100018048582434/videos/1662536461173116/?idorvanity=438737583418252) [TEDI // More Information Here + Sign the Woodland Estates petition through this link](https://www.tedinitiative.org/petitions) ]]> Eco-Friendly Valentine’s: How to Love Your Partner while Loving the Earth too https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/eco-friendly-valentines-how-to-love-your-partner-while-loving-the-earth-too https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/eco-friendly-valentines-how-to-love-your-partner-while-loving-the-earth-too Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:25:18 GMT Valentine’s Day emits thousands of carbon emissions each year, but there are ways to lower the holiday’s carbon footprint. By making personalized gifts and putting in a little effort, you can not only decrease environmental waste, but it will also be a bigger display of affection! Photo by Amanda Vick on Unsplash Valentine’s Day is just around the corner — a holiday that is either dreaded by half of the population or anticipated by the other. It’s a great way for couples to show their love and appreciation for one another, but let’s not forget to show some love to the earth as well. With copious amounts of heart-shaped chocolate boxes, cards, flowers, and bottles of fancy wine, the carbon emissions produced on Valentine’s Day are equivalent to driving around the world 3,993 times. Fortunately, there are a plethora of other ways to celebrate Valentine’s Day sustainably. While they may require a bit more effort than just buying a plastic-wrapped, heart-shaped chocolate box, that extra bit of effort will be even more appreciated by your partner. And besides, who wouldn’t love an environmentally conscientious person? # Restaurant alternatives ![Fancy dinner between a couple Photo by Farhad Ibrahimzade on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*HIow6h3za0Uswmvc)
Photo by Farhad Ibrahimzade on Unsplash
Instead of taking your partner out for dinner, surprise them by whipping out your grandmother’s old recipes and making them something truly special. Not only would it be less expensive, as you can just use the ingredients kept in your pantry, but you also wouldn’t have to spend gas money driving. You can have a romantic meal with your partner in the privacy of your own home. If you happen to be a mess in the kitchen, then find a local restaurant that supports a local farmers market or follows farm-to-table practices. Not only would this benefit the environment, but there are plenty of small, family-owned businesses that would greatly profit from your support. Instead of buying those excessively wrapped chocolate boxes for dessert, make your own from scratch. There are plenty of simple recipes online, along with a plethora of other desserts your partner would enjoy. If you really don’t want to make something yourself, then be sure whatever chocolate or sweet treat you buy is made sustainably. # Flower alternatives ![Two paper roses Photo by Tamanna Rumee on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*_6bYuqM3wYdB6e5e)
Photo by Tamanna Rumee on Unsplash
A bouquet of flowers is the most iconic Valentine’s Day gift. Most women, or men, dream of receiving a handful of roses on this special occasion. However, there are many more eco-friendly alternatives to the traditional bouquet. Typically, bouquets are wrapped in plastic, which is harmful for the environment, and usually be tossed away the second your partner finds a vase. Instead, try opting for paper wrapping instead. Many flower shops have this option, but they’re also very easy to make yourself. Paper-wrapped bouquets are also just more aesthetically pleasing compared to your basic, tacky plastic. If you want to go the extra mile, make the entire bouquet out of paper! The time and effort it takes to make a paper flower is exactly the care and consideration people would want to see in a loved one. Not only are they pretty, thoughtful, and more sustainable, but they can be preserved and saved, while normal flowers will wilt in a couple of weeks. Potted plants are also a great alternative since they will be much appreciated by plant lovers and they last longer than flowers. Consider buying your partner a plant that they can transfer to the backyard once spring comes around, or a small decoration to keep by your windowsill. Great options include bamboo, aloe, and snake or spider plants. # Alternatives to Valentine’s day cards ![Paper near a rose and a pen Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*egmcQjtaBjPHRtd1)
Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash
Store-bought cards — while cute — can also be quite wasteful. (Not to mention tacky on its own). Instead of buying a card from the store, take the initiative to make one yourself. Use the paper you already have and adorn it with stickers or pictures of you and your loved one. Be creative! Make it cute, personal, and not something cheap and pre-made that costs you 50 cents. If you really want to go the extra mile, then use the archives of your mind to write them a love letter or a poem. If you’re musically talented then write them a song. These are way more personal and thoughtful gestures than a cheap, plastic-wrapped, mass-produced card you randomly picked out at a gas station last minute. # Conclusion ![Pink heart shaped firework Photo by Jamie Street on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*p0FNwSmvipj4EZ-m)
Photo by Jamie Street on Unsplash
Not only will these alternatives help the environment, but the effort, time, and personalization that goes into these gifts will make your partner feel so much more appreciated than just buying random items at the store. Showering your partner in materialistic items, buying random Valentine’s related items for the sake of it, and spending hundreds of dollars on them is not the best way to show affection. Companies will have you believe that you can only show care by spending egregious amounts of money, when in actuality your partner will likely cherish a gift that you spent more time than money on.
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# Recap Valentine’s Day emits thousands of carbon emissions each year, but there are ways to lower the holiday’s carbon footprint. By making personalized gifts and putting in a little effort, you can not only decrease environmental waste, but it will also be a bigger display of affection. Rather than spending money on meaningless, thoughtless gifts wrapped in excessive plastic, be thoughtful in what you get your partner this Valentine’s Day. Author: Ina Sabarre Editor: Alexa Segovia # Works Cited [Clark Green Neighbors](https://clarkgreenneighbors.org/news-events/blog/entry/celebrate-valentines-day-sustainably#:~:text=On%20Valentine's%20Day%20in,times%E2%80%94%20according%20to%20Waste%20360.)]]> Los Angeles Wildfires: An Environmental Wake-Up Call https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/los-angeles-wildfires-an-environmental-wake-up-call https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/los-angeles-wildfires-an-environmental-wake-up-call Tue, 14 Jan 2025 03:56:36 GMT Today, California is indistinguishable from a biblical hellscape, and tomorrow the sun will rise over another blood-red sky as the fires continue to rage on. There has been an increasing amount of political noise regarding climate change as a whole, but events like this should serve as an eye-opener, stressing climate change as a real and worsening issue. Photo by Ross Stone on Unsplash Starting on Tuesday, January 7th at around 10:30 a.m., fires began sprouting all across Southern California. As of the 9th, at least five people have died from the fires, and it seems the worst is yet to come. Currently, the cause is unknown, the blame being shifted to many different factors.
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# Causes While no specific cause has been determined for any of the Californian wildfires, it is known that wildfires can spark for a multitude of reasons. This time of year is extremely dry and provides the perfect conditions for a fire to spark. On top of this, while the exact impact of climate change on this event cannot be measured, climate change is definitely playing a role in catalyzing the spread of the fire and allowing more fires to ignite in the future. California has been exceptionally dry this year, with the Los Angeles area only receiving 0.16 inches of rain in the past three months. As the climate continues to fluctuate, degree by degree, more disaster-level events such as these fires can be expected. ![fire smoke on mountain Photo by Daniel Lincoln on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*FW-vpKOskRnYdD3hvLULUA.jpeg)
Photo by Daniel Lincoln on Unsplash
# Impact The impacts of this fire are stated to be “astronomical.” Thousands of homes are expected to burn, which will cost billions in damages. However, there are more direct consequences of these fires. As they burn, the fires could release over a hundred million tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. With this, wildlife are also forced to evacuate, which disturbs Californian ecosystems. While forest fires can be beneficial in certain cases, allowing for the growth of new forests, the current Californian fires are far from an ideal controlled burn. ![fire burning through land Photo by Josh Berendes on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*Mz_WhX_10Enhcdp3zv4qrg.jpeg)
Photo by Josh Berendes on Unsplash
# Denial While these wildfires should serve as a wake-up call for our future, climate change denial has become popular rhetoric in recent years. Donald Trump, the President-elect, has decided to blame both Californian Governor Gavin Newsom and President Joe Biden for these wildfires. He has stated that Newsom refused to sign a “water restoration declaration” that would’ve allowed more water to flow throughout California. In actuality, the water restoration declaration Trump referenced does not exist, although Newsom did sign legislation that redirected water to flow into habituates in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in order to protect an endangered species of salmon. Regardless, that isn’t the point, and the impact of the Delta project on the current fires cannot be fully determined. The point is that it is disingenuous to speak on the causes of this fire without falling onto the topic of climate change. In avoiding the topic altogether, the slippery slope of climate change we find ourselves heading down becomes that much steeper. ![suited man speaking in microphone Photo by Jorge Maya on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*0OJ-eBC-kDg5y8UvIJ2_bA.jpeg)
Photo by Jorge Maya on Unsplash
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# Recap Today, California is indistinguishable from a biblical hellscape, and tomorrow the sun will rise over another blood-red sky as the fires continue to rage on. Millions of Americans will suffer the detriments from this event, one that perhaps couldn’t been avoided, but was worsened as an impact of our warming planet. There has been an increasing amount of political noise regarding climate change as a whole, but events like this should serve as an eye-opener, stressing climate change as a real and worsening issue. # References: [USA Today](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2025/01/08/how-did-california-wildfire-start/77540659007/) [BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0ewe4p9128o) [ABC News](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-blames-newsom-biden-california-wildfires/story?id=117478241) [KCRA](https://www.kcra.com/article/trump-california-claims-truth-social-la-fires-newsom/63374106) [WHO](https://www.who.int/health-topics/wildfires#tab=tab_1)]]> Fast Food Industry https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/fast-food-industry https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/fast-food-industry Tue, 14 Jan 2025 03:46:05 GMT Fast food franchises are prevalent due to their affordability and convenience but have significant environmental impacts. Learn about how these fast-food franchises are bad for the environment and you! Photo by Kenny Eliason on Unsplash Fast food chains like McDonalds, Chick-fil-A, and Chipotle have been dominating the food industry for many years due to their cheap cost, convenience, and countless menu options. The industry has advanced and changed over time with the help of useful innovations such as mobile apps, drive-throughs, GrubHub, and assembly lines. These fast food chains enhance the customer’s experience through personalized offers and rewards as well as efficient order-processing systems like kiosks. Despite its positive attributes, fast food’s negative environmental impact outweighs its benefits. From the fast food industries to the consumers who are purchasing this food, they are all leaving a long-lasting impact on our planet. Even though fast food may be delicious, the cost on our planet makes it seem unappetizing.
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# Environmental Impacts From Fast Food Industries: ![Close up of burger Photo by Hexandcube on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*Tnvkv4vWBtPuVH2_)
Photo by Hexandcube on Unsplash
**Deforestation:** Fast food companies like McDonald’s and Burger King have been criticized for their harmful environmental practices. For example, deforestation has been linked to beef production as fast food companies have to clear enough space to raise cattle for low-cost hamburgers. To do this, they cut down tons of trees and plants to make room for these cattle to live. Fortunately, these companies have recognized their previous faults and are working to improve sustainability and reduce their environmental footprint. **Greenhouse Gas Release:** Food production exacerbates climate change due to the emission of significant amounts of greenhouse gases. The physical production of food, handling of cattle, and transportation create an abundance of carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the food waste in landfills generates methane, which speeds up the effects of global warming. Cattle also contribute to the amounts of methane when they belch. **Packaging:** Fast food companies serve their food in waste materials such as paper, plastic, foam, and aluminum, most of which are non-biodegradable and often do not end up in recycling bins. The improper disposal of these materials contributes to the overwhelming of landfills. In addition, many customers leave their trash behind or drop it on the floor for “convenience.” This in turn adds to the already pre-existing pollution dilemma on our planet. Animals can mistake the packaging for food, possibly falling ill or choking. ** Food Waste:** According to Skip Shapiro, the U.S. generates approximately 22 to 33 billion pounds of restaurant food waste annually. Food waste from restaurants makes up 15 percent of all the food that ends up in landfills. These are alarming statistics as this is food that could’ve been given to food shelters or pets. Not only does the food go to waste, but innocent animals’ lives are taken for essentially no purpose.
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# Fast Food Effects on Humans: ![Close-up of burger and fries, with faded background of glass bottle Photo by Y. Peyankov on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*w2CT8e_ZoStCEdI_)
Photo by Y. Peyankov on Unsplash
**Worker Exploitation:** Fast food franchises have continuously violated traditional labor standards. Many of these industries are only working to make a profit and couldn’t care less about their employees’ working conditions. Many fast food workers have experienced wage theft, health and safety hazards during the job, and injuries due to poor work environments. Management must be held accountable for these actions. **Obesity/ Poor Diet:** Fast food is fast, cheap, and convenient because it truly is unhealthy food. Those who consume fast food two or more times per week are 50% more likely to become obese compared to those consuming it less than once per week. There are studies showing that a fast food diet is associated with a higher body mass index and weight gain. Obesity can lead to many health effects like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and high cholesterol. Not only is fast food harming our environment and animals alike, but it is also harming people within our society who are not educated enough on the health problems associated with consuming too much fast food. Fast food may be the only option for families that are struggling financially and can only afford cheap meals. Fast food companies should do their best to be more sustainable and make their food healthier for the well-being of their customers and the environment.
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# Recap: Fast food franchises are prevalent due to their affordability and convenience but have significant environmental impacts. Key issues include deforestation linked to beef production, the use of waste materials like paper and plastic, and improper disposal leading to pollution. Customers often contribute to littering, which harms wildlife. Additionally, a significant amount of food is wasted each year, which could be better utilized for donations or feeding animals. Fast food industries have often violated workers’ labor conditions, leading to issues such as wage theft, unsafe health conditions, and injuries. Additionally, a diet high in fast food is linked to increased body mass index and weight gain, which can result in health problems like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and high cholesterol. Author: Priya Connelly Editor: Madeline Cabral # References [Evergreen](https://sites.evergreen.edu/ccc/other/page-for-borja/#:~:text=Burger%20King%20and%20other%20corporations,start%20a%20movement%20in%201984) [KidsFightClimateChange](https://www.kidsfightclimatechange.org/news/fast-food-chains-and-their-rising-carbon-emissions#:~:text=Fast%20food%20companies'%20carbon%20emissions,of%20methane%20when%20they%20belch) [Shapiroe](https://shapiroe.com/blog/junk-food-waste/#:~:text=Food%20Waste%20in%20Fast%20Food%20Restaurants,-So%2C%20how%20much&text=Every%20year%2C%20restaurant%20food%20waste,that%20ends%20up%20in%20landfills) [Ncbi](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3136980/#:~:text=The%20odds%20of%20being%20obese,less%20than%20once%20per%20week)]]> Spotify: The Environment, The Shady Spending, The Alternatives https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/spotify-the-environment-the-shady-spending-the-alternatives https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/spotify-the-environment-the-shady-spending-the-alternatives Tue, 31 Dec 2024 21:07:39 GMT In a world where around 80% of all music listening is done through a streaming service such as Spotify or Apple Music, real questions arise about the environmental sustainability in streaming itself and the endeavors that Spotify’s subscribers are inadvertently supporting. Learn about the environmental impact streaming has and great alternatives! Photo by Sara Kurfeß on Unsplash Spotify changed how we listen to music forever. But is the convenience we get for $11.99 a month worth funding the further destruction of our planet, and the military industrial complex?
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# The Cultural Impact of Spotify Spotify, in an extremely short span of time, has transformed the music industry forever. In 2008, music piracy was at an all-time high. Music was not consolidated in the way it is now and needed to be purchased individually, either through MP3 files or a physical medium. However, this changed when Spotify came onto the scene that same year, taking thousands of hours of music and making it free to listen to behind a monthly paywall. This consolidation ended the era of piracy, as listening to an album on Spotify was considered more convenient than pirating the same album. Today, Spotify is undoubtedly the most powerful entity in the music industry with 626 million active users, the most of any music streaming service. Spotify has full control over algorithms that can push certain artists to new users, either through discovery playlists or Smart Shuffle. This monopoly has allowed Spotify to get away with paying their artists less and less, with little to no repercussions. ![Wired headphones wrapped around a phone Photo by Firmbee.com on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*N2AN9elydDdPNCkpqtrP-A.jpeg)
Photo by Firmbee.com on Unsplash
# The Damage of Streaming: By The Numbers It may be difficult to see how streaming could be harmful to our environment, especially in comparison to more tangible forms of media, such as vinyl, CDs, and cassettes. However, streaming has the most detriments on our environment today, due to the amount of energy it takes to store data and to transfer it to you. Every file is stored within one of Spotify’s cooled servers, which are active all twenty-four hours of the day. Additionally, the transfer of data over Wi-Fi costs even more energy. The average person streams around 5 hours of content daily. While this 5-hour statistic does include video streaming, it does not devalue how large the carbon footprint is. All of this activity results in 0.57 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions annually. To put this in perspective, in 2023 we released around 40 billion tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere. Just listening to music and watching movies over the internet account for 1.4% of the world's total CO2 emissions. While this number might seem small, it is relatively large considering how little damage people believe streaming does to the environment. Another great way to put these numbers into perspective is to look at the impact streaming one song has on the environment. Olivia Rodrigo’s song “Driver License” with over 2.3 billion plays on Spotify has had a larger impact on the environment than flying 4000 times from New York to London and back would. Streaming music nowadays has a larger impact on the environment than a century’s worth of physical recorded music. ![Wind power plants Photo by Tim van der Kuip on Unsplash ](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*N7HcQZgVjKJWGX-qRaAtsQ.jpeg)
Photo by Tim van der Kuip on Unsplash
# Spotify and War As a much less direct detriment to the environment and the world around us, the revenue that Spotify generates has been linked to shady places. The CEO of Spotify, Daniel Ek, through his investment company, is on record as having donated $114 million to a company named Helsing. This is an AI startup with a large focus on military expenditures. Ek himself has shown no shame in this deal and found the deal to be a worthy investment. Worthy enough to post about on social media claiming the deal to be “ambitious, ethical, & driven by a mission to help build a thriving society”. At the same time, Spotify has faced significant backlash in recent times over the dollar amounts that they are paying their artists. In light of this, it should be questioned why Spotify’s revenue is seemingly inching further and further away from the pocket of the artist and into the hands of militaristic AI companies. ![Destroyed building Photo by Julia Rekamie on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*keaeRmZ93Sjm5X5DuwchQw.jpeg)
Photo by Julia Rekamie on Unsplash
# Alternatives Five hours of streaming is the carbon equivalent of producing one CD case, while 17 hours of streaming is the carbon equivalent of creating one vinyl record. These physical forms of media are the clear alternative to streaming, and avoiding the shady spending of Spotify. Among these, CDs have been seen to be more environmentally friendly than vinyl records, considering the amount of plastic required to produce a single vinyl record. However, as always, there have been efforts to create environmentally friendly vinyl records. While these forms of physical media have seen a resurgence in recent years, they pale in comparison to the sheer amount of hours people spend streaming; not just on Spotify but on all huge music streaming platforms, including Apple Music. The convenience that you give up in order to transfer to a physical form of media is also not worth it for most people. However, downloading the raw files for your music and saving them could be a move in the right direction. Given that files are purchased from the artist, downloading files could benefit the artist directly. While downloading music onto your system does leave a carbon footprint, in the long run having your library of albums as a collection of WAV files will leave your music listening endeavors greener. ![MP3 player connected to wired headphones Photo by Oleg Sergeichik on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*X5pMB5amiOWYheNM3GWHQg.jpeg)
Photo by Oleg Sergeichik on Unsplash
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# Recap In a world where around 80% of all music listening is done through a streaming service such as Spotify or Apple Music, real questions arise about the environmental sustainability in streaming itself and the endeavors that Spotify’s subscribers are inadvertently supporting. While convenience may outweigh these downsides for some, the majority are left in the dark regarding this subject. Given an increased awareness of these issues, gathering a hard drive of your favorite songs is becoming more and more worth it as Spotify shows no signs of ceasing future shady spending or making strides to limit its carbon footprint. Author: Edwin Keefner Editor: Alexa Segovia # References: [CBC](https://www.cbc.ca/music/the-environmental-impact-of-music-streaming-explained-1.6843948) [BBC](https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190207-why-streaming-music-may-be-bad-for-climate-change) [inthesetimes](https://inthesetimes.com/article/spotify-military-industrial-complex-daniel-ek-prima-materia-helsing)]]> How to Make Your Christmas a Little More Eco-Friendly This Year https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/how-to-make-your-christmas-a-little-more-eco-friendly-this-year https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/how-to-make-your-christmas-a-little-more-eco-friendly-this-year Tue, 31 Dec 2024 20:45:45 GMT If you want to celebrate a sustainable Christmas, there are plenty of ways to do so. Learn how in this festive blog! Photo by Toni Cuenca on Unsplash The Christmas season is rapidly approaching, and many people are now hunting for gifts or scrambling to put up decorations. As you are hanging up those decorations and fighting with your wrapping paper, don’t forget to be conscious of the environmental sustainability of those decorations and wrapping paper. During Christmas, overconsumption and waste increase. Making small, environmentally friendly changes to our Holidays will help the environment immensely. Here are some ways you can make this season a bit more eco-conscious. # The Christmas Tree ![Christmas Tree in corner of dining room Photo by Daeun Kim on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*mE5F0ijsW9-dysM9)
Photo by Daeun Kim on Unsplash
The Christmas tree is the staple centerpiece of Christmas decor; a must-have during the holiday season. The most eco-friendly option would be to use a real Christmas tree. However, many people may not be comfortable with a real tree sitting in their living room, not wanting to deal with the mess. So, if you are adamant about having a fake tree, there are some eco-friendly alternatives to those as well. A study done by the New York Times suggests that a plastic tree would have to be used for 10–20 years to lessen its environmental impact. Most plastic trees are made with products that produce lots of greenhouse gases, which are later dumped in a landfill for those chemicals to seep into the land. So, if possible, it is best to avoid plastic trees and opt for a wooden or metal one instead. Renting a Christmas tree, whether it is real or fake, would also be a great eco-friendly alternative. For plant lovers who already have an abundance of plants in their home, decorating the plants you already own in place of buying a tree is a cute, unique, eco-friendly, and less costly alternative. For those who don’t already own plants, buying a potted plant to decorate would be a fun alternative to buying a full tree. Not to mention, the process of putting up, decorating, and then taking down the plant would be much less tedious. # Christmas Light Replacements ![Close up string lights hanging in front of a window Photo by Kevin Fitzgerald on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*9Eb1SSTNAtlVDn0g)
Photo by Kevin Fitzgerald on Unsplash
If you want to blind your neighbors by covering your house in Christmas lights, consider ditching the traditional incandescent lights and switching to LED or solar-powered lights. LED lights consume up to 80% less energy than traditional Christmas lights. Alternatively, powering your lights with the natural energy that comes from the sun would not only save energy but also save money on power bills. # Christmas Decorations ![Five ornaments on a table Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*XEyIOED943xrkaFz)
Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash
When buying decorations, try to stay away from plastic. Not only does it harm the environment, but they’re typically cheaper and more flimsy, so you’d get less use out of it compared to a decoration made of wood, for example. Some sustainable alternatives to plastic would be wood, bamboo, cork, paper, felt, wool, and polyester. Additionally, an ornament made out of wood or fabric can seem much more authentic than one made of cheap plastic. For those with a knack for arts and crafts, making your decorations would not only be a fun date idea or family activity, but it would also be more sustainable. Turning dried oranges or popcorn into garlands or ornaments can be an amazing bonding activity. Instead of buying a tree topper, you can make an origami star out of scrap paper or old magazines. In your spare time, you can forage for some holly or laurel to make a natural, homemade wreath to hang on your doorstep, rather than a synthetic one. If you have kids, have your kids make ornaments out of pinecones or paper, a memento of their youth that you can reuse every season. The easiest way to decorate sustainably is to reuse the decorations you already have. Why replace your stockings every year when you can keep your old ones that have been loved and used for many Christmases? It’s not like Santa leaves more goodies in freshly bought stockings rather than older ones. Unless a decoration has been broken beyond repair, there’s no need to toss it out just to buy another. Even those synthetic Christmas trees, wreaths, and plastic ornaments can be environmentally sustainable as long as you use them for a few years. Reusing decorations for a decade or two would not only help you save money and the environment, but it could also create some family heirlooms that can be passed down for generations. # Sustainable Gifting ![Gifts wrapped in brown sustainable paper Photo by Nathan Lemon on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*JWGeFaWXPbGD0nqq)
Photo by Nathan Lemon on Unsplash
There are plenty of sustainable gifts you could give people, such as gifts that are handmade or bought from free trade brands. If that isn’t possible, the best way to gift sustainably is to get the person what they actually want. While many people would appreciate a hand-knitted scarf, maybe your 14-year-old nephew, who asked for a PS5, is not the demographic for such a gift. It’s better to give someone a gift you know they will like and use than to get them something they will just throw away. Talk to your loved ones and ask them what they want from you. If it is possible to obtain the gift they desire sustainably, then perfect! If not, then get it anyway so your handmade scarf isn’t going to end up tossed in a landfill. However, while you may not be able to give everyone on your list a perfectly environmentally sustainable gift, you can certainly give them a gift with environmentally sustainable wrapping. Much of the waste on Christmas comes from the abundance of gift wrap thrown away each year, but there are a variety of alternatives that would leave a smaller stain on the environment. Instead of traditional wrapping paper, try using recycled paper, fabric, or beeswax instead. The fabric and beeswax could be recycled for future Christmases as well. If you receive gifts packaged in bags, you can reuse those as well. Not only is this more eco-friendly, but it’s also much less costly. # Summary ![Wreath hung on blue door Photo by Erwan Hesry on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*bfdVEcZJA5NJsMwG)
Photo by Erwan Hesry on Unsplash
If you want to celebrate a sustainable Christmas, there are plenty of ways to do so. You could replace your plastic tree with a real or rented one, or decorate your houseplants instead; replace your traditional Christmas lights with LED lights or solar-powered lights; reuse past decorations, or if you need new ones, buy decorations made of wood, fabric, or paper. You could also make your own; make it a fun activity for the family. When gift-giving, it’s better to give the person what they actually want rather than something they will just throw away in the future. However, homemade gifts and gifts bought from free-trade brands are also an option if the person receiving the gift would be pleased. When wrapping said gifts, use recycled paper, fabrics, or beeswax rather than normal gift wrap, and reuse any wrappings or bags if possible. Let’s try to keep this Christmas as eco-friendly as possible, so our future Christmases will continue to be white. # References https://www.sustainably-chic.com/blog/sustainable-christmas-decorations) https://www.countryliving.com/uk/homes-interiors/interiors/g25329535/eco-friendly-christmas-ideas-green-christmas/ https://sosfuture.org/blogs/diy-eco-home/10-zero-waste-decorations-for-christmas?gad_source=1 https://www.econyl.com/magazine/how-to-sustainably-buy-decorate-your-christmas-tree/ https://www.goingzerowaste.com/blog/how-to-have-an-eco-friendly-and-zero-waste-christmas/]]> Lee Zeldin — Head Of The EPA: For Better Or For Worse? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/lee-zeldin-head-of-the-epa-for-better-or-for-worse https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/lee-zeldin-head-of-the-epa-for-better-or-for-worse Tue, 17 Dec 2024 04:09:32 GMT As a senator, Lee Zeldin mainly concerned himself with legislation involving veterans and the community. Although, during his time as senator, he has barely advocated for the environment. This lack of involvement with environmental legislation left many shocked at his appointment as head of the Environmental Protection Agency and his addition to President Trump’s cabinet. Learn about the potential threat this will have on the environment as the EPA workers and citizens fear the future of existing environmental legislation and the future of the U.S. environment. Photo by Janne Simoes on Unsplash
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# Who is Lee Zeldin? Prior to his current fame as the head of the EPA and a member of President Trump’s cabinet, Lee Zeldin was a moderate Republican New York State Senator who served from January 1, 2011, to January 3rd, 2023. With his Juris Doctorate and experience as a lawyer, as well as his time in the US Army as a Military Intelligence Officer, Federal Prosecutor, and Military Magistrate, it is no surprise that much of Lee Zeldin’s policies focused on military-related endeavors. During his time as senator, many of his policies revolved around supporting veterans, such as securing funding for the PFC Joseph Dwyer Program to help returning veterans in NYS cope with PTSD and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Other policies of his included supporting the local community by enabling New York brewers to expand, create jobs, and stimulate the economy. With this background on Lee Zeldin’s time as a senator, the big question is how does his background relate to environmental protection? ![decorated military officer looking to right of screen Photo by Daniel Ioanu on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*zNF1r6lcCsjmHp_I)
Photo by Daniel Ioanu on Unsplash
# Why Zeldin? To answer my former question, Lee Zeldin’s background doesn’t correlate with environmental protection, nor does he seem to have the extensive experience suited for leading an environmental organization. As a senator, Lee Zeldin’s focus laid with veterans and aiding the NYS community rather than the environment. For an organization such as the EPA, whose main focus is to protect the environment, Zeldin’s opinions often seem to counter their goals. The few times Lee Zeldin was engaged in environmental policy revealed his contradictory stance. For example, with Biden’s climate change law, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Zeldin voted against the act. This legislation’s purpose was to increase access to clean, affordable energy, support climate-smart agriculture, and boost conservation efforts while also creating jobs. It also aimed to protect communities from the risks of increasing wildfires and extreme heat. Further, Zeldin has openly supported an unsuccessful campaign to overturn New York’s fracking ban. His open disapproval of environment-protecting legislation has led many to believe he does not align with the EPA’s mission to protect the environment. However, contradicting himself, Zeldin supported conservation efforts by making a bill to protect and preserve Plum Island and its critical wildlife habitat during his time as a senator. In 2016, Zeldin joined the Climate Solutions Caucus whose goal is to combat climate change and protect U.S. economic prosperity. Zeldin’s collaboration with conservationists, alongside his support for anti-environmental protection legislation, has led many to doubt his stances and qualifications for the job. Having only voted for 14% of environmentally supportive legislation during his time as a senator, many believe he should not hold a position in an agency where he has contradicted the organization’s mission many times in the past. This calls into question, why was Lee Zeldin chosen to run the Environmental Protection Agency? According to former Congressman Thomas M. Reynolds, Zeldin was an aggressive supporter of President Donald Trump during his 2016 Presidency. Due to this loyalty, President Trump likely believes that Lee Zeldin will abide by his vision for the EPA. Based on several statements by President Trump and his advisors, it seems what President Trump wants is deregulation, allowing for more free reign of the oil industry at the expense of the environment. Knowing the potential motives behind Lee Zeldin’s appointment as the head of the EPA, this decision could spell disaster for existing environmental protection legislation and policies. ![Image from above of Plum Island, NY](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*TffpdyWeiVUtypCxSwV29g.jpeg)
Image from above of Plum Island, NY
# Probably For Worse Though there is no certainty, many EPA workers fear the upcoming reign of Lee Zeldin over the EPA. During the last term of President Trump, a substantial amount of damage was done to the EPA and its policies. As Nicole Cantello, the union president of AFGE Local 704 representing over 1,000 EPA workers, puts it: “The Trump administration systematically and intentionally undercut EPA’s ability to protect the public from toxic pollution. EPA leadership scrubbed references to climate change from the agency’s website, prevented our staff from practicing sound science, and blocked our ability to take enforcement action against polluters”. These actions deliberately against environmental protection at President Trump’s behest lead many to believe that President Trump’s upcoming term could spell disaster for both the U.S. and the environment. ![ Photo of President Trump staring forward at screen Photo by Library of Congress on Unsplash ](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*HIgoAl1LTJeVtESq)
Photo by Library of Congress on Unsplash
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# Recap As a senator, Lee Zeldin mainly concerned himself with legislation involving veterans and the community. Throughout his time as a senator, he only voted for only 14% of environmental protection legislation. This lack of involvement with environmental legislation left many shocked at his appointment as head of the Environmental Protection Agency and his addition to President Trump’s cabinet. According to former Congressman Thomas M. Reynolds, it is believed that Zeldin was chosen due to his aggressive support for President Trump during his 2016 term and because President Trump believes Zeldin will follow his wishes of deregulating the oil industry. Though nothing is confirmed, in light of these potential reasons, EPA workers and citizens fear the future of existing environmental legislation and the future of the U.S. environment. # References [The New York State Senate-Lee M. Zeldin](https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/lee-m-zeldin) [Audubon-New York](https://ny.audubon.org/news/rep-zeldin-house-vote-afternoon-his-bill-protect-plum-island) [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-FACT SHEET: Celebrating Two Years of the Inflation Reduction Act](https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2024/08/16/fact-sheet-celebrating-two-years-inflation-reduction-act#:~:text=Across%20USDA%20programs%2C%20the%20Inflation,of%20wildfires%20and%20extreme%20heat) [The Washington Post-Lee Zeldin didn’t ask to head EPA. Here’s why Trump picked him](https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/12/06/lee-zeldin-evolution-epa-trump/) [DW-Who is Lee Zeldin, Trump’s pick as new EPA head?](https://www.dw.com/en/new-trump-administration-zeldin-in-charge-of-environmental-protection-all-you-need-to-know/a-70773017) [Reuters-Trump picks ex-congressman Zeldin to run Environmental Protection Agency](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-taps-ex-congressman-zeldin-run-environmental-protection-agency-2024-11-11/)]]> Go Green… Go Geothermal https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/go-green-go-geothermal https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/go-green-go-geothermal Tue, 17 Dec 2024 03:49:16 GMT Geothermal heating pumps “exchange” temperatures between a building and the earth below it. This creates a system that heats a home during the winter and cools it in the summer. This great source of energy has been used by other parts of the world for decades, yet the United States is only coming around to this energy source now. Learn why using geothermal heating pumps is beneficial for the environment and the homeowner. Photo by Wil Stewart on Unsplash As the seasons change and winter approaches, it’s time to reevaluate the heating system you use in your home. Energy costs tend to increase in the winter, but with geothermal heating systems, you can save your money and the environment.
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# What are Geothermal Heat Pumps? ![Photo by Louis Reed on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*1fPhPzSe_ZVUOizU)
Photo by Louis Reed on Unsplash
Throughout the year, we experience many variations of temperature — from highs well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit to below zero chills– but geothermal heating takes advantage of the almost constant temperature that the earth remains only a few feet below its surface. Geothermal pumps “exchange” temperatures between your home and the earth below it. This heats your home during the winter and cools it in the summer. This is because the ground temperature is warmer than the atmosphere’s air in the winter and cooler in the summer. A ground heat exchanger is then responsible for absorbing excess heat in a home during the summer and acting as a heat source in colder months. # Closed-Loop Systems ![Photo by Azka Rayhansyah on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*i8pPo_szGOKiJkLY)
Photo by Azka Rayhansyah on Unsplash
There are many different types of geothermal heating pump systems. The climate, soil type, and area of land on your property are important conditions to take into consideration when selecting the right pump for your home. Most systems are referred to as closed-loop systems. They work by circulating water or sometimes a water-glycol solution through a closed loop. This loop is usually made with some type of plastic tubing that is embedded in the ground or submerged in water. Heat is then transferred between a refrigerant in the pump and an antifreeze solution in the closed-loop system – this process is made possible by a heat exchanger. An example of a closed-loop system is a horizontal system, which requires pipes to be installed in trenches that are only four to six feet deep. This is a cost-effective option most commonly used for new construction residential installations where a sufficient area of land is available. There are also vertical systems, which consist of pipes connected underground in holes that are 100–400 feet deep, minimizing land disturbance. These systems are often used for large commercial buildings and schools, however, they can also be used for properties where the soil is too shallow for trenching. Pond/lake systems exchange heat using water. This is only possible if the body of water meets a minimum requirement for volume and depth. If these requirements are met, a pipe can be run underground from the building to the water. # Geothermal is Getting Trendy ![Photo by rc.xyz NFT gallery on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*ebM_aKGb1IPGl7Xz)
Photo by rc.xyz NFT gallery on Unsplash
While geothermal pumps have been in use for decades now, the United States is just catching on to the trend. Geothermal has been adopted by much of Asia and areas of Europe too. In Norway, for example, sixty percent of buildings utilize geothermal. In recent years, geothermal heat pump sales have skyrocketed. In Europe alone, there was a thirty-seven percent increase in sales of pumps from 2021 to 2022. In the United States, heat pump sales are now surpassing gas furnace sales for the first time in decades. # Benefits of Geothermal ![Photo by Noah Buscher on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*FxqGAIbSyldSe3US)
Photo by Noah Buscher on Unsplash
**Cost-Effective** Although the installation price of a geothermal system can be quite unappealing to the average homeowner, the additional costs when compared to installing the common air-source system can be returned in energy savings in only five to ten years. Geothermal heating systems are estimated to have a lifetime of twenty-four years for their inside components and over fifty years for their ground loops. Further, geothermal heat pumps move heat rather than relying on combustion, which gas furnaces or water heaters do. This means they can reduce energy costs by fifty percent. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has also created tax credits, grants, and rebates (partial refunds) that drive down upfront costs substantially. With the IRA, household geothermal project costs can be cut by up to fifty percent, saving as much as $15,000 for higher-cost installations. The IRA can help commercial buildings reduce upfront costs by thirty to fifty percent. **Network Systems can Improve Communities** Geothermal heating systems are especially effective in network systems that, through shared piping, can connect multiple buildings. They use energy from the ground, wastewater, ponds, and other sources. Network systems can achieve more than five hundred percent efficiency. This means that for every unit of energy that goes into the system, five times that amount is produced. Furthermore, these larger systems require infrastructure that can create local jobs and bring energy costs down for all residents. **Climate Conscious** Geothermal heating systems produce zero direct emissions, although when taking into consideration how their materials are produced, they do not have a net-zero release of emissions. In a study where appliance emissions across three Midwest utility territories were compared, it was discovered that geothermal heat pumps produce significantly fewer emissions. They produce about eighty-five percent fewer emissions than a gas furnace and ninety percent fewer emissions than a propane furnace.
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# Recap Geothermal heating pumps “exchange” temperatures between a building and the earth below it. This creates a system that heats a home during the winter and cools it in the summer. The majority of systems are closed-loop, in which a solution is circulated through a piping system. Horizontal, vertical, and pond/lake systems are all variations of the closed-loop system that can be used depending on the climate, soil type, and area of land on a property. While other parts of the world have used geothermal for decades, the United States has only caught on recently, with sales of geothermal pumps outgrowing those of gas furnaces. This is because the benefits of geothermal are now finally being recognized. Geothermal is cost-effective and can reduce energy costs by fifty percent. Larger networks of geothermal can also supply a community with jobs and lower energy costs for residents in a community. Finally, geothermal does not directly emit any pollutants to the environment. Overall, geothermal is a great way to preserve the climate and a worthy investment for homeowners who are looking to save on energy costs in the long run. # References [Energy Saver](https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/geothermal-heat-pumps) [Clean Energy 101](https://rmi.org/clean-energy-101-geothermal-heat-pumps/#:~:text=Better%20for%20the%20Climate&text=In%20this%20region%2C%20geothermal%20heat,a%20propane%20furnace%20through%202050.) ]]> Nuclear Energy Renaissance: Is It Reasonable To Be Scared? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/nuclear-energy-renaissance-is-it-reasonable-to-be-scared https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/nuclear-energy-renaissance-is-it-reasonable-to-be-scared Tue, 17 Dec 2024 03:34:40 GMT There is still reason to fear nuclear energy, considering it will be in the hands of these large companies who, in truth, only seek profit. Though nuclear energy seems to be very beneficial, it may be a slippery slope as the industry grows over time and AI being used to spark new ideas. While nuclear energy seems to be a great option for both energy efficiency and our many climate goals, a citizen must always remain cautious when private industry has its hands on the wheel. Photo by Lukáš Lehotský on Unsplash After years of distancing ourselves from it, many American companies have recently reinvested into nuclear energy. Can we expect an environmental disaster on the horizon, or will we reap the benefits of clean, efficient energy?
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# A Brief History Of American Nuclear Energy Looking solely at the number of standing nuclear power plants in every country, the United States has the most. In 1957, the United States’ first large-scale nuclear power plant was opened in Pennsylvania. We kept investing and building new plants all the way up until 1973, when the last plant was planned in the United States. A few years later in March of 1979, the US experienced the largest nuclear disaster in its history: the Three Mile Island accident. This accident can be attributed to the typical suspects, a combination of both equipment and human error. However, the strange part about this incident is that no one died or was injured during the accident. Even in its aftermath, none of the locals were negatively affected. The environmental impact of the event was considered to be minimal, and was easily cleaned up. Still, the media reception to the accident was negative, with the cover of Times Magazine reading “Nuclear Nightmare.” The American population grew largely against the idea of nuclear power. Though the existing plants still ran and plants in the midst of construction continued to be built, no new plants were planned for construction after the accident. However, this, as of very recently, has changed. ![Nuclear Power metal logo rusted over Photo by Yves Alarie on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*wevFIh_HekWcS6V8kC_uEQ.jpeg)
Photo by Yves Alarie on Unsplash
# The Story You’re Living In Understanding the plans of four tech giants — NVIDIA, Google, Microsoft, and Amazon — are important to understanding why tech giants are investing in Nuclear Energy. Microsoft, in September of 2024, has officially signed a deal to repurchase the plant on Three Mile Island, where the largest nuclear disaster on American soil ever occurred. With this, there are plans to completely reopen the plant. Amazon has signed many agreements to support “innovative nuclear energy projects,” enabling the construction of many new nuclear power plants. Google has made long term deals in order to fund the next generation of nuclear power in the form of “SMRs” or Small Modular Reactors. NVIDIA has not invested in nuclear energy so far, which, as you’ll soon see, is a very surprising fact. ![Phone showing apps such as amazon Photo by James Yarema on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*AAsmnFi2w3F3Dcmfbf8Pew.jpeg)
Photo by James Yarema on Unsplash
# Why Now? The simple question to ask right now, is why? Why have top American tech companies recently begun mass investment into nuclear energy? The simple answer to this question is Artificial Intelligence. Specifically, it involves the need for data centers to handle large investment in AI. AI has been the obsession of the stock market for a while now, and every company wants a slice of the pie. However, only one company has really seen massive growth as a result of AI, and that is NVIDIA. While other companies have invested in AI itself, NVIDIA has been leading the creation and sale of data centers to other companies. These data centers not only cost money, which is why NVIDIA has seen a massive increase in profit, but also require incredible amounts of energy. Energy that, as these big companies see it, we don’t have. Energy consumption for Microsoft has increased by approximately 15 million megawatt hours in the time between 2020 and 2023, and is expected to rise. It’s predicted that 10% of all electricity in America will be used purely for data centers sometime in 2030. A clear issue arises when taking a look at the goals of many of these companies to be “carbon negative.” By 2030, Microsoft expects to reduce their carbon footprint more than they increase it. The solution to this has been unanimous among these tech giants: nuclear energy. ![Large room-size computers with imgIX logo throughout room Photo by imgix on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*-ge591WZCPDpBSgxWiTjZw.jpeg)
Photo by imgix on Unsplash
# Why Nuclear?/Nuclear Innovations Not only is nuclear energy an extremely efficient energy source, it is also much more environmentally friendly than other forms of power such as fossil fuels, and more space-efficient than solar panels and wind power. In comparison to nuclear power, wind farms require approximately 360x more land and solar plants require 75x more land, making nuclear energy much more space-efficient. Google’s recent investment into these previously stated “SMRs,” or Small Modular Reactors, would be beneficial in lowering the current amount of space needed for a reactor, making nuclear energy even more space-efficient. Additionally, nuclear power is very efficient at producing energy, with one uranium pellet (of around an inch tall) capable of producing as much energy as 17,000 cubic feet of natural gas, 120 gallons of oil, and 1 ton of coal. Further, this is just data for uranium. There has been research into using thorium as a form of nuclear energy which is considered to be even more efficient and may produce less nuclear waste than uranium. On the topic of nuclear waste, it is the largest downside of nuclear power and a good reason to be against the investment into nuclear power. However, with innovations in nuclear power, many proper handling and disposal methods for nuclear waste have been made. Nuclear waste has definitely been over-exaggerated to some extent, and is generally much more safe than some might think. ![Wire fence gate with caution signs Photo by Dan Meyers on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*hbx7grx_cFm79h9FwyDbFw.jpeg)
Photo by Dan Meyers on Unsplash
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# Recap / What Can We Expect? There is still reason to fear nuclear energy, considering it will be in the hands of these large companies who, in truth, only seek profit. Though nuclear energy seems to be very beneficial, it may be a slippery slope as the industry grows over time. AI has proven that it aims to continually sap away at our resources. Microsoft has not only seen an increase in total energy usage, but also in water consumption, likely due to investment in AI technology. AI seems to be the obsession of the market, and it does not seem likely the market will change trajectory any time soon. This slippery slope may include future problems involving nuclear waste, or perhaps another form of energy arising that won’t be as climate friendly as nuclear. As of now though, we can expect many more nuclear power plants to be built (or specifically more Small Modular Reactors), and in theory, regain dominance over other countries who are also aiming to invest in nuclear power, such as China and Russia. Nuclear energy seems to be a great option for both energy efficiency and our many climate goals, though a citizen must always remain cautious when private industry has its hands on the wheel. # References: [Energy](https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/3-reasons-why-nuclear-clean-and-sustainable) [World Nuclear Association](https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/nuclear-waste/radioactive-wastes-myths-and-realities) [Technology Review](https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/09/26/1104516/three-mile-island-microsoft/) [aboutamazon](https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/sustainability/amazon-nuclear-small-modular-reactor-net-carbon-zero) [The Verge](https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/15/24270645/google-nuclear-energy-deal-small-modular-reactor-kairos) [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/ai-energy-demands-water-impact-internet-hyper-consumption-era/) [Microsoft Blogs](https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/01/16/microsoft-will-be-carbon-negative-by-2030/)]]> The Statistics Behind 2024’s Hurricanes https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-statistics-behind-2024s-hurricanes https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-statistics-behind-2024s-hurricanes Sun, 01 Dec 2024 03:32:30 GMT Over the past century, a clear trend of increasing frequency and intensity of hurricanes has appeared. As we observe the formation process of hurricanes and the role of climate change in making hurricane-favorable conditions, it is no surprise that hurricanes have become stronger and more frequent in current years. Overall, statistics of increasing wind speeds, ocean temperatures, and climate-change-related data are all connected to the conclusion that climate change has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of Hurricanes. Photo by NASA on Unsplash As we observe our history with hurricanes, a clear trend emerges with more current years hosting stronger and stronger hurricanes. Examining weather patterns over the past century reveals that this pattern of increasing frequency and intensity of hurricanes is detrimental to the environment. Let’s look at the factors and statistics that have contributed to this increase in Hurricanes.
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# What Causes A Hurricane? ![Picture of Galveston Disaster aftermath with two people searching through ruins Photo by Library of Congress on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*j8BQtjJ64LrXrnWI)
Photo by Library of Congress on Unsplash
Hurricanes form over the ocean, often near the Earth’s equator and in tropical areas. These destructive storms form as low-pressure areas moving through the humid tropics, intensifying thunderstorm activity as it passes. As these storms continue to move westward, low-pressure areas begin to form below the storms. The warm ocean air is pulled into the storms, where it rises and cools rapidly, leading to the formation of clouds and thunderstorms. This process exacerbates the severity of these storms as water condenses and forms droplets which release more heat that fuels the storm. Once wind speeds within these storms reach 74 mph, they are classified as a hurricane: defined as “a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or subtropical waters and has closed, low-level circulation.” # The Statistics ## Wind Speeds Wind Speeds have been steadily rising in recent years, resulting in higher-category hurricanes overall. According to Climate Central, a nonprofit climate research group, the wind speeds of 2024’s 11 hurricanes increased by 9–28 mph, due to warmer waters up to 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than they were in the past. Between 2019 and 2023, wind speeds rose by an average of 18 mph, resulting in 30 hurricanes moving up by one category or higher on the Saffir-Simspon hurricane wind scale. This intensification is fueled by extra energy from warm waters as it condenses and changes form, resulting in wind speeds increasing at least 35 mph in less than 24 hours. ## Temperature — Ocean Heat Oceans soak up the heat trapped in the atmosphere by greenhouse gases. Due to increased greenhouse gasses from air pollution, our oceans have been steadily absorbing larger amounts of heat. Since 1971, 90% of the excess heat energy on Earth has been absorbed by oceans. This has caused the temperatures of the top 700 meters (or 2,300 feet) of water to rise by 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit since 1901. Scientists agree that the rate of warming for the top 6,500 feet of the ocean is approximately 40% higher than previously thought. These warmer surface water temperatures release more energy into storms as water condenses, resulting in stronger hurricanes overall. ## Real Impact Overall, hurricanes have increased in frequency and intensity due to these optimal conditions for formation. According to Climate Central, Hurricane Milton was able to reach Category 5 status due to exceptionally warm-ocean temperatures. Researchers estimate that climate change made Hurricane Milton’s explosion of destruction 400 to 800 times more likely. Similarly, Hurricanes Debby and Oscar would likely have not even turned into hurricanes and would’ve remained tropical storms had climate change not amplified storm wind speeds.
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# Recap Over the past century, a clear trend of increasing frequency and intensity of hurricanes has appeared. As we observe the formation process of hurricanes and the role of climate change in making hurricane-favorable conditions, it is no surprise that hurricanes have become stronger and more frequent in current years. Hurricanes develop when low-pressure areas under thunderstorms pull more and more warm air into the storm. The air rapidly cools as it rises, condensing into clouds and thunderstorms, while releasing heat that exacerbates the storm. Once wind speeds reach 74 mph, the storm is categorized as a hurricane. Statistics of increasing wind speeds, ocean temperatures, and climate-change-related data are all connected to the conclusion that climate change has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of Hurricanes. # References [National Ocean Service](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/how-hurricanes-form.html) [AccuWeather](https://www.accuweather.com/en/climate/every-hurricane-this-season-was-turbocharged-and-made-more-intense-than-it-should-have-been-study-finds/1715955) [Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution](https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/climate-weather/ocean-warming/)]]> AI’s Effect on the Environment https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/ais-effect-on-the-environment https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/ais-effect-on-the-environment Sun, 01 Dec 2024 03:23:53 GMT An AI-incorporated future is inevitable, regardless of people’s opinion on whether it will be beneficial or not. While AI has some potential environmental benefits, such as monitoring the environment and helping businesses make sustainable decisions, if changes are not made soon, then AI will be added to the extended list of man-made creations that are destroying our planet. Photo by Andrea De Santis on Unsplash When I typed in: “The environmental impacts of AI,” ironically enough, Google’s new AI feature overview was the first thing I saw. AI has slowly been taking over the world over these past few years. Its development rapidly increasing within just the last 5 years. There is no doubt that AI will be unavoidable in the future. This is a terrifying prospect for many people, and fairly so. People’s jobs, hobbies, and humanity itself are threatened by AI. I mean, has Detroit: Become Human taught us nothing? The list of ethical dilemmas involving AI goes on and on — one of these unexpected dilemmas being the negative impact AI has on the environment. It’s an unexpected connection. How would AI, a computer program, become detrimental to the environment? # Raw Materials Are Being Drained In Hardware Production ![Computer chip closeup Photo by Олександр К on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*wl0jnmNvvCAEAq5Y)
Photo by Олександр К on Unsplash
To create AI, you need to produce its hardware such as servers, data centers, and microchips. The production, transportation, maintenance, and disposal of said hardware components require a considerable amount of energy and natural resources. The natural resources needed to create microchips are scarce and difficult to obtain; their extraction process is rarely safe for the environment, often leading to other issues like soil erosion or pollution. The servers and data centers as well as the electronics they contain require an astounding amount of raw materials – a standard computer requiring a whopping 800 kg. These electronics are usually not disposed of properly, contributing to the issue of pollution and growing e-waste. This waste is also generally hazardous or toxic, containing substances like mercury or lead. # Water Waste ![Water faucet leaking Photo by João Paulo Carnevalli de Oliveira on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*0ycADAyhR8yxoAQ4)
Photo by João Paulo Carnevalli de Oliveira on Unsplash
AI requires a shocking amount of water to cool itself, a process known as AI server cooling. Data centers use an abundance of water in their cooling towers to cool off air mechanisms that dissipate heat. Nine liters of water are evaporated every kWh of energy used, and it is predicted that by 2027, AI will have used 6.6 billion cubic meters of water. This is severely concerning, considering the current global paucity of freshwater, with a quarter of our population not having easy access to clean water. Water-stressed regions, such as Argentina and Chile, will be particularly affected, as droughts are prevalent in those areas. # Energy Usage and Carbon Emissions ![Light-switch with CO2 drawing above Photo by Jas Min on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*iXAeQq_bn4BZ3j-U)
Photo by Jas Min on Unsplash
Unsurprisingly, powering these electronics requires a surplus of energy. Asking Chat-GPT a question consumes 10 times more energy than a Google search. This, in turn, produces more carbon emissions since many of these energy sources come from burning fossil fuels. OpenAI researchers stated that, since 2012, the amount of energy needed to train AI programs has doubled every 3.4 months. Researchers at the University of Massachusetts conducted a study to determine exactly how much energy that is. They found that AI training can produce around 626,000 pounds of carbon dioxide. To put this into perspective, that’s 5 times the amount of carbon emissions an average car will produce in its lifetime and the equivalent of 300 plane rides from New York to San Francisco. # Positive Environmental Impacts? ![Macbook with ChatGPT open Photo by Emiliano Vittoriosi on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*k2PaYrxieA9lNyFl)
Photo by Emiliano Vittoriosi on Unsplash
Macbook with ChatGPT open Photo by Emiliano Vittoriosi on Unsplash The future with AI isn’t all bleak. AI could potentially help the environment by tracking patterns and anomalies in data. This could then be used to help monitor the environment by tracking things such as air emissions, and help businesses make environmentally friendly decisions by determining the best way to conserve energy during manufacturing and supply chains.
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# Recap An AI-incorporated future is inevitable, regardless of people’s opinion on whether it will be beneficial or not. In addition to being unethical, AI also poses various environmental threats such as raw material drainage, pollution, freshwater waste, high energy usage, and sizable carbon emissions. While AI has some potential environmental benefits, such as monitoring the environment and helping businesses make sustainable decisions, if changes are not made soon, then AI will be added to the extended list of man-made creations that are destroying our planet. # References https://hbr.org/2024/07/the-uneven-distribution-of-ais-environmental-impacts https://environment.yale.edu/news/article/can-we-mitigate-ais-environmental-impacts#:~:text=Besides%20its%20energy%20usage%2C%20AI,Industrial%20biology%20and%20 Sustainable%20Systems https://earth.org/the-green-dilemma-can-ai-fulfil-its-potential-without-harming-the-environment/#:~:text=Impact%20on%20Natural%20Ecosystems&text=Automation%20fuelled%20by%20AI%20may,technology%20and%20nature%20to%20coexist. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/ai-has-environmental-problem-heres-what-world-can-do-about https://www.forbes.com/sites/cindygordon/2024/02/25/ai-is-accelerating-the-loss-of-our-scarcest-natural-resource-water/]]> Hurricane Helene https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/hurricane-helene https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/hurricane-helene Sat, 23 Nov 2024 22:04:23 GMT Hurricane Helene was among some of the strongest and most devastating of the 2024 Hurricanes as it rampaged across Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee. From insider accounts, we learn of the frightening experience in preparing for Hurricane Helene as people either desperately tried to evacuate amidst expensive plane ticket prices and crowded roads, or awaited the daunting Hurricane as they bunkered down in their homes. The increased frequency and scale of these disastrous Hurricanes are in part due to climate change’s increased greenhouse gasses trapping more heat in the atmosphere resulting in warmer waters. To reduce our role in the increased frequency of Hurricanes, it is important for us to actively take steps in reducing our environmental impact such as lowering energy and transportation usage. Photo by NASA on Unsplash
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## The Insider Experience This September, Hurricane Helene broke records being the only Category 4 storm since hurricane records began in 1851 to hit Florida’s Big Bend region. The nearly 400-mile-wide storm brought intense flooding, power outages, and severe damages, impacting millions as it rampaged through the US. An interview with Olivia Rincon — a resident of Perry, Florida within the direct hit location of Hurricane Helene — reveals the intense impact of Hurricane Helene. When asked what the most challenging aspect of her experience was, Olivia responded, “The most difficult part of my experience with Hurricane Helene was the preparation and the fear of how hard the storm was going to hit. Watching the forecast, it felt like it just kept escalating further and further until it was considered one of the biggest hurricanes recorded.” This sentiment proved true across the United States, as all eyes were on Hurricane Helene’s rapid progression from a named tropical storm to a category 4 hurricane within a mere 2 days. As Hurricane Helene approached Florida’s Big Bend region, many were faced with a difficult choice: evacuate and leave their lives behind or stay despite the danger. If they choose to evacuate, residents became subject to extreme traffic and crowded airports with ticket prices quadrupling in price; not to mention the uncertainty of what will become of their homes — their entire lives held in one place. Staying behind proved equally difficult as residents prepared their homes for the incoming destruction and endured the fear of a massive hurricane heading toward them. As someone who did not evacuate, Olivia Rincon describes this feeling as “truly a scary feeling when there is a massive storm coming towards you, but you just can’t bear the fact of leaving your life behind.” Even with the news reporting on Hurricane Helene’s expected devastation, Floridians were not prepared for how hard it would hit them. Olivia recounts how every single one of her neighbors experienced extreme damage such as, “half a roof blown off or fallen trees in front of their doors or even on their house”. Right after the hurricane passed, she recounts how she witnessed the, “completely flooded” roads and the difficulty of, “walking outside of my house after it had hit.” ![damaged house with half destroyed](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*NYvTZdmmILeMTImb)
Photo by Library of Congress on Unsplash
## Our Impact on Hurricanes Hurricanes are not a rare occurrence in current years as an astronomical number of hurricanes wreak havoc every year. As paleotempestologists observe our tropical climate activity, it’s important for the rest of us to recognize our role in these increasing hurricanes. For those living in Florida and hurricane-prone areas, it is truly dangerous how frequently hurricanes and strong tropical storms are forming. As a resident of Florida herself, Olivia Rincon exclaims how “it has made me more anxious for the future because I see that the hurricanes are getting stronger each year and that hurricane season is extending because it’s hotter for longer periods of time.” We must recognize our environmental impact and talk about “why this happened and why it’s been happening more frequently.” Hurricanes form as tropical storms that gain power from the moisture-rich, warm waters of the ocean. As warm ocean air rises into these storms, low-pressure areas form below the storm serving to pull in even more warm air. The air rises into the storm and rapidly cools resulting in the formation of clouds and thunderstorms. Thunderstorms amass together resulting in a destructive Hurricane with high-speed winds. Climate change amplifies both the frequency and destructiveness of Hurricanes as warmer air and waters from an increase in trapped greenhouse gasses leads to optimal conditions for the formation of strong Hurricanes. As Olivia puts it, “The warmer the water is in the surrounding areas of Florida, the longer hurricane season is stretched and the more hurricanes have a chance to form. It’s important to be talking about this so that we can prevent it from happening again in the future.” Recognizing that our impact even from states or countries away can have a devastating impact on the world and actively taking actions to reduce it is crucial to lowering our environmental impact. ![dark clouds and winds and strong waves](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*uSiAFHinKMsdGpf_)
Photo by Matt Hardy on Unsplash
## What Can We Do? In lieu of our role in the increasing frequency of Hurricanes, it is important for us to actively reduce our environmental impact. Hurricanes are formed more frequently than ever and have become more destructive than ever due to greenhouse gasses creating optimal conditions for Hurricane formation. Choosing to take actions such as riding your bike or walking instead of driving, taking public transportation, turning off lights in rooms you’re not in to reduce energy usage, and choosing to use more energy-efficient products can reduce our environmental impact from greenhouse gasses. Lowering transportation usage can lower the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses cars can emit. Reducing energy usage can lower the amount of fossil fuels burned to supply this energy. Choosing to take small actions that reduce our environmental impact can slow down this frightening future of Hurricane-caused destruction. Further, we can support those impacted by these devastating Hurricanes by donating money or supplies to relief funds, volunteering to help in the clean up efforts, helping to set up shelters and refuge, etc. Organizations such as the American Red Cross, Salvation Army, Americares, United Way, CARE, state and local disaster relief funds, and local food banks in affected areas are more than willing to accept these donations to help those impacted by Hurricanes. However, be sure to do a few minutes of research to ensure you are donating to a reputable organization rather than donating to the multitude of charity scams. ![biker on road with lush green on surrounding rock mountain](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*XzrpXN4y4TnnVdge)
Photo by Paul Green on Unsplash
## Recap Hurricane Helene was among some of the strongest and most devastating of the 2024 Hurricanes as it rampaged across Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee. From insider accounts, we learn of the frightening experience in preparing for Hurricane Helene as people either desperately tried to evacuate amidst expensive plane ticket prices and crowded roads, or awaited the daunting Hurricane as they bunkered down in their homes. The increased frequency and scale of these disastrous Hurricanes are in part due to climate change’s increased greenhouse gasses trapping more heat in the atmosphere resulting in warmer waters. As tropical storms pass over these warmer waters, they grow into strong Hurricanes. To reduce our role in the increased frequency of Hurricanes, it is important for us to actively take steps in reducing our environmental impact such as lowering energy and transportation usage. Donating to those impacted by Hurricanes to relief organizations such as the American Red Cross, Salvation Army, Americares, United Way, CARE, state and local disaster relief funds, and local food banks in affected areas is also important to help Hurricane victims get back on their feet. ## References 1. [The Weather Channel](https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2024-09-26-how-to-help-hurricane-helene-victims-where-to-donate) 2. [National Ocean Service](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/how-hurricanes-form.html) 3. [All Hands and Hearts](https://www.allhandsandhearts.org/storm-tracker/hurricane-helene-2024/) 4. [The Center for Disaster Philanthropy](https://disasterphilanthropy.org/blog/hurricane-helene-strongest-hurricane-of-2024-makes-landfall-in-florida/#:~:text=Hurricane%20Helene%3A%20Strongest%20hurricane%20of%202024%20makes%20landfall%20in%20Florida&text=Catastrophic.,Life%2Dthreatening) 5. [abcNews](https://abcnews.go.com/US/live-updates/hurricane-helene/?id=113931821#:~:text=Helene%20unleashed%20devastation%20across%20the%20Southeast.&text=Helene%20made%20landfall%20as%20a%20Category%204%20hurricane%20on%20Sept.%2026.&text=More%20than%20230%20people%20have,North%20Carolina%2C%20Virginia%20and%20Tennessee)]]> Five Pokedex Entries That Mirror The Stories of Real Life Animals https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/five-pokedex-entries-that-mirror-the-stories-of-real-life-animals https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/five-pokedex-entries-that-mirror-the-stories-of-real-life-animals Sat, 23 Nov 2024 21:52:03 GMT Although the Pokemon universe is a fictional world with fictional creatures, many of the Pokemon’s stories mirror the things that happen to real animals, spreading awareness about environmental issues to the young people who play these games. Lapras was meant to represent the animals who have become endangered due to overhunting and illegal poaching. The Hisuian variant of Zorua is meant to represent the now-extinct animals that passed away as a result of humans driving them from their natural habitats. Photo by Erik Mclean on Unsplash While the Pokemon universe is set in a fictional world with fictional creatures, the stories of these creatures mimic real-world environmental issues. Various Pokedex entries across the series have made references to things like endangered animals, extinction, evolution, and other things that the species in our ecosystem encounter. Here are five Pokedex entries that have parallels to species in the real world.
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## Lapras ![Pokemon Lapras](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:600/format:webp/1*QEaPBKiH1svDpBkDuckwYg.jpeg) Lapras has been a fan favorite and an OG, debuting in Pokemon’s first games: Pokemon Red, Blue, Green, and Yellow. However, this kind and gentle Pokemon has been facing tragedy from Gen 1 to Gen 7. Until the release of Pokemon Sun and Moon, Lapras’s Pokedex entry read along the lines of: *“They have gentle hearts. Because they rarely fight, many have been caught. Their number has dwindled.”* Overhunting and poaching of animals have been an unfortunate constant throughout human history. The American bison became critically endangered during the 19th century when they were overhunted by the Indigenous people due to the high demand of the U.S. government. Other animals such as the African Elephant, rhinoceros, blue whale, pangolin, polar bear, and sea turtles, which is one of the animals Lapras was based on. The reasons for this can vary from the obtaining of body parts and meat to being hunted solely for sport. Luckily, the Pokemon Lapras was given a happy ending, with the Pokedex entry in Pokemon Moon saying: *“These Pokémon were once near extinction due to poaching. Following protective regulations, there is now an overabundance of them.”* So to all the Lapras lovers who spent their childhoods mass-breeding their Lapras after reading its entry, your efforts were not in vain. ## Hisuian Zorua ![Pokemon Hisuian Zorua](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:482/format:webp/1*UQQEhfabMXZQpkPEkADmbA.jpeg) The original dark type Zorua has been a fan favorite ever since its debut in Pokemon Black and White. However, its Hisuian counterpart in the Pokemon side game: Legends of Arceus, has a much darker, sadder story. Its entry states: *“A once-departed soul, returned to life in Hisui. Derives power from resentment, which rises as energy atop its head and takes on the forms of foes. In this way, Zorua vents lingering malice.”* The original Zorua became extinct due to constantly being driven from their habitats, pushing them toward the Hisui region, leaving them to perish in the Hisuian mountain’s cold climates. Hisuian Zorua’s are based on the Yokai Kitsune, and although the Kitsune is a Japanese legend, the message of the Hisuian Zorua’s story applies to real-world species. There have been many cases of species becoming endangered or extinct due to humans driving them from their natural habitat. Such animals include the Tasmanian tiger, which was driven from its native land in Tasmania and persecuted to extinction in the 20th century; the passenger pigeon, which was once one of the most common birds in America, later became extinct in the 1900s due to deforestation; and the Yangtze river dolphin, whose numbers drastically depleted due to human activity on the Yangtze river in China such as boating, pollution, and dam construction; the species became virtually extinct in the 21st century. ## Galarian Corsola ![Pokemon Galarian Corsola](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:600/format:webp/1*NiWlMu1OfWqIG6mVLdvbOg.jpeg) Perhaps one of the most infamous environmental-related Pokedex is the Galarian Corsola, the regional form of the Corsola which made its first appearance in Pokemon’s Generation 2 game: Pokemon Gold and Silver. Its Pokedex entry, which hurt the hearts of many Pokemon fans, read as: *“Sudden climate change wiped out this ancient kind of Corsola. This Pokémon absorbs others’ life-force through its branches.”* This is a clear reference to the dying coral reefs due to climate change during these past few years. Corsola, the water/rock type and once a vibrant pink patch of coral changed into a pale, sad, semi-translucent ghost type in Gen 8. This is reminiscent of how corals will lose their color when damaged or dying. This regional form was implemented to spread awareness of the rapid decrease of healthy coral reefs. It’s estimated that more than 50% of coral reefs are now dead, and scientists predict that that number will increase to 90% if immediate action is not taken. ## Yungoos (and Alolan Rattata) ![Pokemon yungoos](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:622/format:webp/1*f0fHIQRjm7iYos1c4PG8BA.jpeg) The Pokemon Yungoos were introduced in Generation 7’s game, Pokemon Sun and Moon, along with the Alolan regional variant of Rattata. Yes, these are two different Pokemon with two different Pokedexes, but their stories are intertwined with one another. Yungoos’s Pokedex says: *“With its sharp fangs, it will bite anything. It did not originally live in Alola but was imported from another region.”* So it’s made clear the Yungoos are meant to be an invasive species, but how does Alolan Rattata play into this? Well, it’s implied that the Yungoos were imported to Alola to control the pesky Rattata Pokemon. The region of Alola in the Pokemon universe is based off of Hawaii, and in Hawaii, the mongoose, the real-life animal that the Yungoos was based on, were introduced to Hawaii to control the overabundance of rats in the area. However, in response to the mongoose, the rats became nocturnal since the mongoose only hunted during the day. The Alolan Rattata is a dark type, and its Pokemon entry states: *“When the sun goes down, it becomes active. It runs around town on a chase for good food for the boss of its nest — Raticate.”* ![Pokemon Alolan Rattata](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:528/format:webp/1*sHZQunX6N9f3V_OlS_aX4w.jpeg) So in the Pokemon universe, the Alolan Rattata is also nocturnal. This implies that the story conveyed between these two Pokemon’s Pokedexes is meant to be parallel to the Hawaii situation involving mongoose and rats. The Yongoos’s Pokedex entry is a representation of invasive species, and the Alolan Rattata’s Pokedex entry is a representation of how animals will adapt and evolve to survive the environments they are in and the predators they face.
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## Recap So although the Pokemon universe is a fictional world with fictional creatures, many of the Pokemon’s stories mirror the things that happen to real animals, spreading awareness about environmental issues to the young people who play these games. Lapras was meant to represent the animals who have become endangered due to overhunting and illegal poaching. The Hisuian variant of Zorua is meant to represent the now-extinct animals that passed away as a result of humans driving them from their natural habitats. The Galarian variant of Corsola was a sad eye-opener to Pokemon fans, as it represents the real and pressing issue of our rapidly dying coral reefs. The story portrayed in the Pokedexes of the Yungoos and the Alolan Rattata is meant to educate people on Hawaii’s issues with invasive species and how it pressured rats to become nocturnal. ## References 1. [BULBAGARDEN — Lapras](https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Lapras_(Pok%C3%A9mon)) 2. [BULBAGARDEN — Zorua](https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Zorua_(Pok%C3%A9mon)) 3. [Pokemon Database — Corsola](https://pokemondb.net/pokedex/corsola) 4. [BULBAGARDEN — Yungoos](https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Yungoos_(Pok%C3%A9mon)) 5. [BULBAGARDEN — Rattata](https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Rattata_(Pok%C3%A9mon)) 6. [Secore International](https://www.secore.org/site/corals/detail/why-coral-reefs-need-our-help.23.html)]]> Halloween Sustainability https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/halloween-sustainability https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/halloween-sustainability Sat, 23 Nov 2024 21:22:13 GMT October is a month full of fun fall festivities, cooler weather, and Halloween! However, Halloween also comes with detrimental impacts on our environment. Old Halloween costumes hang lifelessly in children’s closet, Halloween candy wrappers cover the streets, and decorations end up in landfills after Halloween, emitting harmful methane gases. Photo by Beth Teutschmann on Unsplash October is a month full of fun fall festivities, cooler weather, and Halloween! The air is crisp and many children are preparing for a holiday that they have been looking forward to all year. Many families and neighborhoods set up extravagant decorations outside of their houses, while other people partake in carving or decorating pumpkins, and many families take an annual trip to the apple orchard and pumpkin patch. During the days leading up to Halloween, many kids visit stores like Spirit Halloween or Party City to pick out their desired costumes. However, the question we ask every year is, what happens to these retired costumes? With this night full of fears and screams and its month-long preparation also comes detrimental impacts on our environment. Old Halloween costumes hang lifelessly in children’s closets, Halloween candy wrappers cover the streets, and decorations, including pumpkins, end up in landfills after Halloween and emit harmful methane gases.
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## Costumes ![A bulldog wearing a ghost costume](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*48j_K2lVPEbosrCB)
Photo by Karsten Winegeart on Unsplash
Halloween is typically the only night out of the whole year when you are able to dress up as whoever you want to be. Many children dress up in a solo costume, while other groups of friends try to match. Whatever costume you choose, it is fun to dress up and wear extravagant makeup. Each year, many children and teenagers purchase at least one Halloween costume. However, these costumes are usually only worn once and either stay in their closet forever or are just simply thrown away. An estimated of 35 million Halloween costumes are thrown away in the United States each year. In addition, 40% of Halloween costumes are only worn once. These costumes are wasted instead of donated for reuse. To add to the problem, 83% of these Halloween costumes use non-recyclable plastic which will end up in landfills and take hundreds of years to degrade. This unsustainable material only adds to the already existing problem of environmental pollution. It is harder for these materials to decompose and end up polluting the landfills and the environment around them. ## Candy ![A box filled with various chocolate](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*kfATusxluH9TJIxj)
Photo by Denny Müller on Unsplash
The popular excitement of trick-or-treating in a brand-new costume is the fall festivity that many children look forward to all month. This activity has been around since the early 1900s and is the only day when it is acceptable to ring people’s doorbells and ask for candy. With the constant running up and down people’s driveways and going house to house to get candy, many kids get hungry and conveniently eat their candy from inside their pumpkin or bag. Many parents are usually absent during trick or treating, so kids throw their garbage on someone’s lawn. While this is obviously not acceptable, this is the hard truth of where children discard their wrappers, which leads to even more pollution. Because candy wrappers are plastic, many wildlife animals can mistake these wrappers for food and end up choking on them. In addition, these candy wrappers can end up in sewers. Not only does eating too much candy have harmful health risks, but the physical wrapper of the candy also has negative impacts on the environment. These pretty and aesthetically pleasing candy wrappers are mainly composed of plastic and aluminum, which are nearly impossible to sort. As a result of their difficulty, they become stuck to other recyclables and end up becoming contaminants. In addition, because most candy wrappers are made up of multiple materials, it is difficult and expensive to break down and recycle these wrappers. Because of this inability to recycle them, candy wrappers end up in landfills. Instead of trying to recycle these candy wrappers, just throw them away because they are actually only causing more damage to the environment, as they are not able to be recycled. Each year, there is about $400 million worth of uneaten candy from trick-or-treating. This is an extreme waste of food in the United States. This money could have been spent on more nutritious food or also could have been donated. ## Decorations ![Jack-o-lanterns on a store shelf](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Md9aJDQaSgRvkf8Y)
Photo by Oxana Melis on Unsplash
Many houses purchase Halloween decorations to make their home look more scary and festive. Unfortunately, many of these decorations are made out of plastic. Old and torn-up Halloween decorations ultimately end up in landfills and take hundreds of years to break down. In addition, many children like to decorate and carve pumpkins. These pumpkins become rotten after a month and end up in landfills, where they will decompose and eventually emit methane gas that contributes to climate change. If we keep these pumpkins out of landfills, we can reduce these harmful greenhouse gas emissions and help to protect our environment. ## What Can You Do? ![A black cat against an orange background](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*aQNLoMMIl5Ez9C8d)
Photo by Sašo Tušar on Unsplash
**Halloween Costumes:** After retiring an old Halloween costume, you can donate this costume to places like Goodwill or even at a local clothing drive where hopefully another child in need can wear it and get a second use out of it. Otherwise, maybe a younger sibling or family member can reuse the costume. **Halloween Candy:** As parents, encourage your children to not litter and to pick up wrappers they find on the street. These little reinforcements can have a positive impact on our environment. Also, donate the extra candy to your local food pantry or try to give out the candy to family members. **Halloween Decorations:** Instead of decorating pumpkins for outdoor use, you can use pumpkins to bake fall treats that are more delicious. You can decorate these treats with anything and you are also able to eat them! Additionally, try and reuse old Halloween decorations instead of purchasing new ones each year.
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## Recap October is a month full of fun fall festivities, cooler weather, and Halloween! However, Halloween also comes with detrimental impacts on our environment. Old Halloween costumes hang lifelessly in children’s closet, Halloween candy wrappers cover the streets, and decorations end up in landfills after Halloween, emitting harmful methane gases. An estimated 35 million Halloween costumes are thrown away in the United States each year. There is also about $400 million worth of uneaten candy from trick-or-treating. Pumpkins become rotten after a month and end up in landfills. They will eventually emit methane gas that will contribute to climate change. To keep Halloween costumes sustainable, you can donate your old costume to a local clothing drive where hopefully a child can get a second use out of it. In addition, as parents, encourage your children to not litter and to pick up wrappers they find on the street. Lastly, instead of decorating pumpkins for outdoor use, you can use pumpkins to bake fall treats that are more delicious! There are many alternatives and positive impacts in making Halloween more environmentally friendly. ## References 1.[Public Interest Research Group](https://pirg.org/articles/how-to-have-a-spooky-and-sustainable-costume-this-halloween/#:~:text=An%20estimated%2035%20million%20Halloween,hundreds%20of%20years%20to%20degrade) 2. [San Jose Recycles](https://sanjoserecycles.org/guide/candy-wrappers/#:~:text=Candy%20Wrappers%20Aren't%20Recyclable&text=The%20thin%20plastic%20pieces%20are,they%20go%20in%20the%20garbage) 3. [Next Gen Personal Finance](https://www.ngpf.org/blog/question-of-the-day/question-of-the-day-how-much-money-do-americans-waste-on-uneaten-candy-for-halloween/#:~:text=%22Every%20year%2C%20Americans%20throw%20away,treats%20that%20they%20do%20enjoy)]]> The Environmental Costs of Halloween https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-environmental-costs-of-halloween https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-environmental-costs-of-halloween Thu, 14 Nov 2024 04:05:05 GMT Halloween’s traditions bring joy and community, but they also create a major environmental footprint that we can no longer dismiss. Fortunately, by making mindful choices — such as opting for thrifted or DIY costumes, reusable decorations, and sustainably sourced candy — we can celebrate Halloween without compromising the planet’s health. Photo by Rick Monteiro on Unsplash We all enjoy this time of year: the air turns crisp, pumpkins adorn porches, and neighborhoods light up with jack-o’-lanterns, skeletons, and inflatable decorations. Halloween’s thrilling festivities bring us endless varieties of costumes, candy, and hours of nighttime fun. Kids and adults suit up in every kind of costume imaginable, going door to door collecting sweets. But have we ever stopped to think about the environmental impact of Halloween? What happens to all the decorations and costumes once the night is over? Where does it all go? Not to ruin the joyous nights, but Halloween is more than just a fun holiday — it’s a major contributor to plastic pollution, carbon emissions, and waste. From costumes and decorations to candy wrappers, the environmental toll of Halloween is startling. At this moment in the world, we must rethink how we celebrate and make it both festive and sustainable. In recent years, climate change has arisen as a significant and escalating threat. We are continuing to observe the effects of our actions without taking sufficient steps to help.
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# Halloween Costumes ![Two people wearing Halloween costumes, one as a ghost and one as a clown. Photo by Steven Weeks on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*_vWDzy8m3yIEVeMU)
Photo by Steven Weeks on Unsplash
We know and love Halloween costumes. Halloween is the one chance you have to go all out, putting on costumes and makeup. It is undeniable that costumes are an integral part of Halloween, with Americans spending over $3.6 billion on them each year. Unfortunately, most Halloween costumes are made from non-recyclable, synthetic materials like polyester, nylon, and PVC, which derive from fossil fuels. According to Hubbub, a UK-based environmental nonprofit, an estimated 83% of costumes worn each year end up in landfills — equivalent to over 2,000 tons of plastic that take hundreds of years to decompose. To add to that, when these materials eventually break down, they release massive amounts of greenhouse gases and microplastics, polluting both soil and waterways and seeping into our lives. The affordability and convenience of synthetic costumes lead many to buy new outfits each year. While these materials may produce flashy and budget-friendly costumes, their impact on the environment comes at a steep price. Many of these costumes, often worn just once and then discarded, contribute to environmental issues that linger long after Halloween ends. # Eco-Friendly Costume Alternatives With a bit of creativity, it’s possible to participate in this classic Halloween tradition without harming the environment. Here are some sustainable alternatives: **Thrifted Costumes**: Secondhand stores are excellent for finding unique, inexpensive, and sustainable costumes. Reusing costumes can reduce the demand for new synthetic materials and breathe new life into pre-owned clothing. **DIY and Upcycled Costumes**: Homemade costumes can be made using items that most people already own. By upcycling old clothing or using cardboard, fabric scraps, or natural materials, you can create a one-of-a-kind outfit that’s both special to you and better for the planet. **Costume Swaps**: Organizing a costume swap with friends, neighbors, or local groups provides fresh options while cutting down on new purchases. It’s an easy, eco-friendly way to update costumes each year. **Renting Costumes**: For elaborate costumes, renting is a great option. This reduces waste and allows people to enjoy high-quality costumes without the need for single-use materials. Opting for sustainable costume alternatives not only allows for a more earth-friendly celebration, but it also makes Halloween more community-centered. # Halloween Decorations ![An endless row of skeleton decorations. Photo by Oxana Melis on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*FaE14Bfbqkpgey6B)
Photo by Oxana Melis on Unsplash
Halloween wouldn’t be complete without its notable eerie decorations, but these items have their own environmental toll. These massive inflatables, plastic skeletons, and artificial cobwebs seen across neighborhoods every October are mostly made from non-biodegradable, petroleum-based plastics. These single-use decorations are typically discarded after Halloween, adding to landfills and sometimes polluting bodies of water, harming wildlife and ecosystems. It’s estimated that nearly 1,000 tons of plastic waste each year comes from decorations alone, and the energy used to manufacture, transport, and power these items has an enormous carbon footprint. The good news is that with thoughtful choices, Halloween can remain as spooky as ever while staying sustainable. Here’s how: **DIY Decorations**: It’s easy to create decorations using compostable materials like pumpkins, hay, and autumn leaves. These can either be composted or returned to nature after Halloween. **Reusable Decor**: Durable, high-quality decorations that can be stored and reused are much more environmentally conscious options than single-use decorations. Investing in reusable, non-plastic decorations may cost more initially but will save you money in the long run and help reduce waste. **Solar-Powered Lights**: Solar-powered lights are an eco-friendly option for illuminating your Halloween setup without added electricity costs. Solar lights recharge during the day and help create a festive, sustainable ambiance. By rethinking Halloween decorations, we can reduce plastic waste, cut down on energy use, and make Halloween more environmentally safe for future celebrations. # Halloween Candy ![A bowl of various chocolates and candy. Photo by Sebbi Strauch on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*a7wPXNVK9T8tsK39)
Photo by Sebbi Strauch on Unsplash
Halloween wouldn’t be the same without candy, but this tradition, like many others, hurts the environment. In the U.S., around 600 million pounds of candy are purchased each Halloween season, and while it brings a new air of excitement, this surge in candy consumption has serious ecological drawbacks. Many popular candy brands rely on ingredients like palm oil, which contributes to deforestation and habitat destruction for endangered species. Chocolate production itself has a significant carbon footprint, with the industry estimated to contribute over 2% of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, most candy packaging is made of mixed plastics that are difficult, if not impossible, to recycle. ## Sustainable Candy Choices There are ways to minimize the environmental impact of Halloween candy without missing out on the sugar-filled fun: **Ethically Sourced Candy**: Look for brands certified by the Rainforest Alliance or Fair Trade, which support sustainable farming practices and fair labor conditions. **Buying in Bulk**: Opt for bulk candy to avoid individual wrappers, and consider dividing portions in eco-friendly paper bags or reusable containers. **Eco-Friendly Packaging**: Some brands offer candy with biodegradable or recyclable packaging, which can help lessen the plastic waste Halloween typically generates.
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# Recap ![A spooky dark sky with a red moon. Photo by Altınay Dinç on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*bRz1G4aQA8n7ywB-)
Photo by Altınay Dinç on Unsplash
Halloween’s traditions bring joy and community, but they also create a major environmental footprint that we can no longer dismiss. With billions of dollars spent annually on single-use costumes, plastic-heavy decorations, and individually wrapped candies, Halloween has become a significant contributor to plastic waste and pollution. Fortunately, by making mindful choices — such as opting for thrifted or DIY costumes, reusable decorations, and sustainably sourced candy — we can celebrate Halloween without compromising the planet’s health. As more people become aware of Halloween’s environmental impact, we have a chance to shape new traditions that make Halloween both fun and sustainable. By thinking green this season, we can ensure that Halloween remains a celebration for both people and the planet, creating a legacy of joy that leaves a lasting, positive impact on our communities and ecosystems. # References [Curious Earth](https://curious.earth/blog/sustainable-halloween/) [Mother Earth](https://memotherearthbrand.com/blogs/plastic-free-living/tackling-halloween-waste-a-spooky-environmental-concern-and-how-we-can-do-better#:~:text=Based%20on%20studies%20reported,plastic%20decor%20are%20not%20recyclable.) [Greenly](https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/ecology-news/what-is-the-carbon-footprint-of-halloween) [Yale Sustainability](https://sustainability.yale.edu/blog/green-your-halloween) [USA Today](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/10/17/halloween-waste-sustainable-environmentally-friendly/10527614002/) ]]> The Vinyl Revival: How Sustainable Are Records Really? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-vinyl-revival-how-sustainable-are-records-really https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-vinyl-revival-how-sustainable-are-records-really Wed, 06 Nov 2024 04:53:15 GMT In choosing to listen to your favorite tracks, as an environmentally conscious consumer, there are many environmental factors to consider. Read here to learn about how as the “vinyl revival” continues, it is important to be aware of the environmental drawbacks the industry has brought to the environment. Photo by Miguel Alcântara on Unsplash In a digital age, many have decided to turn back the clock, and purchase their favorite albums on vinyl. Is this “vinyl revival” as down to Earth as you may think?
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# What even is the “Vinyl Revival”? While yes, along with vinyl, other physical formats have made their small resurgences in the recording industry; many of them have taken a backseat to the vinyl revival. In 2023, for vinyl records sales in the US surpassed CDs by a margin of $396.4 million. But why vinyl? For one, in 2021 total sales for vinyls spiked by 68%, almost directly as a result of the pandemic. On top of this, many famous artists took advantage of this trend and contributed to the “vinyl revival” by releasing their own albums in a physical format. For good reason too! Vinyl records offer an incredible profit margin for artists, which is pushed further as fans view records as a superior alternative to streaming. However, the vinyl revival can be attributed to more than clever marketing from your favorite artists. Vinyl records spark a sense of nostalgia and cultural yearning for those who weren’t alive to live through a time when they were a primary form of media. Vinyl records have an “aesthetic” to them that is appealing to today’s consumers: everything from the earthy smell, the artistic appeal of album art on older records, and the distinct “warmer” sound that records provide when played. Icelandic artist Laufey is a wonderful example of someone who leans into this nostalgia, as she uses her formal music education to write songs that are heavily inspired by a time before our own. Many listeners, especially those of the younger generation, have grown to see vinyl records in a positive light and not merely a relic of the past. Yet, while going to a local record store and sifting through boxes of musty records feels far from harmful to the environment, there is much more to consider regarding the “down to Earth” nature of vinyl records. # Where Do Records Come From? To answer this question, it’s important to know where vinyl records come from and delve into the process of their production. The method for making vinyl records has remained mostly unchanged since they first began mass production in the mid-20th century. Pellets of PVC are heated and then pressed into the plastic flat disc we see today. Currently, most vinyl records in the US are made with PVC from the Thai Plastic and Chemicals Public Company (TPC) in Bangkok. This is referenced in the book “Decomposed” by Kyle Devine, who discusses that 90% of all U.S. vinyl in 2015 came from one Thai Company (In reference to the TPC). The process of making this PVC is far from cozy, as one would expect from any synthetic plastic. TPC, in particular, has a bad history involving environmental sustainability dating back to the 1990’s. From dumping harmful chemicals in the Chao Praya River to disrupting local environments with their careless placement of discharge pipes, the TPC has been condemned by a multitude of environmental organizations. Their reputation raises serious questions on the worth of having a physical copy of your favorite albums. ![Piles of trash on a shore Photo by John Cameron on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*jBfbJxrmzYidO8t8zx9ALQ.jpeg)
Photo by John Cameron on Unsplash
# In Comparison: Streaming Services Is it really all that bad though? PVC is used in a multitude of other products, and vinyl records are certainly not the main culprit of PVC usage. On top of this, it’s important to take into account the sustainability of streaming music directly. As with any large company, power is power. The toll of Spotify and Apple Music (among other large streaming services) on the environment, just by keeping servers running, dwarfs the impact of pressing a batch of vinyl records for an album release. The act of simply consuming and experiencing media is detrimental to the environment. In comparison to online streaming, it may be more eco-friendly to drive to your local record store and pick up a few copies of the songs you have on loop. Not digitally streaming music through an app or website may lead to a marginally smaller carbon footprint. In addition, vinyl records are made to last, which is why they are considered nostalgic in the first place. Think about how many records do last for decades after their original pressing, years after popular artists have come and gone. Of course, they only last if they are cared for, and due to their intrinsic value, vinyl records are especially looked after. Record owners are always warned of what might happen if a record isn’t properly maintained: scratching, significant distortion, and damaging your record player equipment. ![Cellphone opened to the Spotify app Photo by Héctor Achautla on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*b2ejx82uR6qH5OEmOAdGig.jpeg)
Photo by Héctor Achautla on Unsplash
# Hope For Vinyl? It’s difficult to gauge how much you are truly reducing by choosing one medium over another. There are many other factors to consider, including supporting an artist who may not express the most environmentally friendly behaviors. However, regarding the sustainability of vinyl, there are organizations out there aiming to make record purchasing less taxing on your environmental footprint. Recovinyl, formed in 2003, aims to recycle PVC waste and promote sustainable PVC production practices. In 2023 alone, they were able to recycle an impressive 737,645 tonnes of PVC. Of course, there are also many smaller record production plants across the world, with a mission of pressing vinyl with a “green” mindset. Leaning even more sustainably, CBS News reports on Evovinyl, a product by Evolution Music Ltd, which is a fully compostable vinyl record created without PVC. Whether or not your favorite artist will choose to produce sustainably is up to them, but there is little stopping the creation of a sustainable vinyl records line — an important decision that could set a precedent for the music industry. ![Close up shot of a vinyl Photo by Jack Hamilton on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*RqsSDF-kwLVWnuX3i1D0zg.jpeg)
Photo by Jack Hamilton on Unsplash
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# Recap The reality in choosing to listen to your favorite tracks is that, as an environmentally conscious consumer, there are many environmental factors to consider. Each industry has their clear faults and a long negative history behind them. With the “vinyl revival” driven by ideas of nostalgia and cozy record stores, vinyls have gained a positive reputation as a better alternative to streaming services. Nonetheless, it is important to not turn a blind eye to the faults the industry has brought to the environment. It’s important to consider the factories abroad, dumping PVC waste into local rivers, as well as the factories that loudly oppose such practices. Ultimately, educating yourself on the effects of pressing play on Spotify, or purchasing a new record from Taylor Swift’s website, becomes increasingly important to reflect upon in an age of increased media consumption. # References [Camoinassociates](https://camoinassociates.com/resources/vinyl-records-resurrection/) [Nivessa](https://www.nivessa.com/vinyl-records-laufey/) [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jan/28/vinyl-record-revival-environmental-impact-music-industry-streaming) [Greenpeace](https://wayback.archive-it.org/9650/20200407162456/http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/seasia/ph/News/news-stories/plastics-company-dumps-toxic-c/) [New Security Beat](https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2022/06/plastic-river-waste-thats-choking-chao-phraya/) [Recovinyl](https://www.recovinyl.com/) [Gradynewsource](https://gradynewsource.uga.edu/the-resurgence-of-vinyl-the-environment-for-better-or-for-worse/) [CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pvc-free-vinyl-record-sugars-starches-instead/) [Evovinyl](https://www.verycompostable.com/posts/evovinyl-introducing-the-worlds-first-pvc-free-vinyl-record/#:~:text=EVOVINYL%3A%20Introducing%20The%20World's%20First%20PVC%2DFree%20Vinyl%20Record.,-14.&text=British%20eco%2Dmusic%20company%20Evolution,and%20compostable%20bio%2Dvinyl%20record.)]]> ExxonMobil Faces Allegations of Deceptive Recycling Advertisement in California Lawsuit https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/exxonmobil-faces-allegations-of-deceptive-recycling-advertisement-in-california-lawsuit https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/exxonmobil-faces-allegations-of-deceptive-recycling-advertisement-in-california-lawsuit Thu, 24 Oct 2024 01:36:44 GMT California is setting an impactful precedent by holding one of the world’s largest oil companies accountable for its role in creating plastic waste that is contributing to the ever-worsening climate crisis. Learn about the upcoming lawsuit against ExxonMobil for their misleading recycling campaigns and controversial advanced recycling. Photo by Galen Crout on Unsplash/div> ExxonMobil, the world’s second-largest oil and gas company, is also the world’s largest producer of polymers, which are the fossil fuel-based materials that make single-use plastic. Over the past four decades, there have been more than twenty-six million pounds of garbage collected from California’s beaches and waterways. Disturbingly, over eighty percent of this waste is plastic that can be traced to ExxonMobil’s polymer resins. In a first-of-its-kind lawsuit, the state of California is now holding the oil tycoon accountable for its role in creating the plastic waste crisis in the Golden State.
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# Exxon’s Recycling Campaigns ![Garbage bags on a sidewalk Photo by Jon Tyson on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*JreqChnivpj06jw9)
Photo by Jon Tyson on Unsplash
For the last thirty-five years, ExxonMobil has promoted recycling as a key solution to plastic pollution. When plastic is thrown away, the vast majority of it is sent to a landfill, with some being incinerated or dumped into the environment. Only about nine percent of the world’s plastic is recycled, however, in the United States, this number is even lower, dropping to around five to six percent. Meanwhile, plastic production has doubled in the past twenty years, increasing global oil demand. As a result, ExxonMobil has used recycling as a crutch to justify its mass production and profits. The Department of Justice constructed a two-year investigation that uncovered the role of fossil fuel and petrochemical companies in perpetuating the plastic waste crisis. California Attorney General, Rob Bonta, subpoenaed Exxon. Bonta was seeking information to prove that the company has a history of limiting the public’s understanding of the harmful consequences of plastic. One of the more prominent examples of Exxon’s deception was its investment in promoting advanced recycling, also known as chemical recycling. This newer method targets types of plastics that average recycling facilities do not accept. Advanced recycling supposedly repurposes this plastic and transforms it into new products that can be recycled again. Yet, the technology used for it has remained flawed for several decades. Not only that, but the process releases harmful chemicals into the environment that can harm entire ecosystems. Through Bonta’s subpoena, it was discovered that Exxon Mobil spent $19.4 million between 2020 and 2023 funding an ad campaign promoting chemical recycling. These ads falsely claimed that advanced recycling could “keep our food fresher, our families safer, and our planet cleaner,” a deceiving portrayal of the recycling method. What may be even more concerning is that petrochemical companies are in support of chemical recycling, and are pushing to pass state laws that would reclassify chemical recycling facilities as manufacturing rather than waste facilities. This would reduce regulation of the plants and allow companies to get away with producing more pollutants. Despite these issues, Exxon continues to insist that chemical recycling is a legitimate process, saying, “We’re bringing real solutions, recycling plastic waste that couldn’t be recycled by traditional methods”. # California’s Lawsuit ![Statue of Goddess Themis Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*XzzRtT1pEWaY8wlP)
Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on Unsplash
On September 23, a lawsuit was filed in the San Francisco County Superior Court, calling on ExxonMobil “to end its deceptive practices that threaten the environment and the public,” according to the legal statement. Bonta also hopes the court will require ExxonMobil to pay civil penalties for the harm it has inflicted with plastic pollution in California. “For decades, ExxonMobil has been deceiving the public to convince us that plastic recycling could solve the plastic waste and pollution crisis when they clearly knew this wasn’t possible. ExxonMobil lied to further its record-breaking profits at the expense of our planet and possibly jeopardizing our health,” Bonta said. Judith Enck, a former Environmental Protection Agency official, added, “The plastics industry has known for decades that — unlike paper and glass and metal — plastics are not designed to be recycled and therefore do not achieve a high recycling rate. Yet, the industry made every effort to convince the public otherwise while profiting off the planetary crisis it created”. ExxonMobil has responded by claiming California’s ineffective recycling system is to blame, saying, “They failed to act, and now they seek to blame others. Instead of suing us, they could have worked with us to fix the problem and keep plastic out of landfills.”
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# Recap California is setting an impactful precedent by holding one of the world’s largest oil companies accountable for its role in creating plastic waste that is contributing to the ever-worsening climate crisis. Through a subpoena brought on by the state’s attorney general, evidence revealing decades of misleading campaigns promoting recycling and the more controversial advanced recycling was uncovered. Exxon continues to stand by its recycling endorsement, blaming California’s recycling systems for any exacerbated levels of plastic waste. While the lawsuit has yet to advance to trial, California hopes that the court will require Exxon to pay damages. # References [CNN](https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/23/climate/california-sues-exxonmobil-plastic-recycling/index.html) [LA Times](https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2024-09-23/california-ag-files-suit-against-companies#:~:text=California%20Atty.%20Gen.%20Rob%20Bonta%20has%20filed%20a,cost%20the%20state%20billions%20of%20dollars%20to%20clean.) [Beyond Plastics](https://www.beyondplastics.org/publications/chemical-recycling#:~:text=Chemical%20recycling%20%E2%80%94%20or%20what%20the%20industry%20likes,environment,%20the%20climate,%20human%20health,%20and%20environmental%20justice.)]]> Sea Turtles In Hawaii https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sea-turtles-in-hawaii https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sea-turtles-in-hawaii Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:35:13 GMT Sea turtles, which are native to Hawaii, have been around for more than 40 million years! Unfortunately, due to the carelessness of humans, many of their habitats have been destroyed. Learn about what has been done to protect sea turtles, their role in the environment and what steps you can take to help! Photo by Derrick Taylor on Unsplash Five out of the seven existing species of sea turtles are indigenous to the oceans surrounding Hawaii and have called these waters their home for more than 40 million years. These turtles have been evolving for millions of years, and the process is still ongoing. The five sea turtle species native to these waters are the green sea turtle (honu), hawksbill (honu’ea), leatherback, loggerhead, and olive ridley. However, the traditional green sea turtle is the most commonly encountered in the Hawaiian reefs, as they enjoy spending time in the proximity of humans. The Hawaiian green sea turtle sports a variety of colors, including olive-green, yellow, greenish-brown, reddish-brown, and black. Sea turtles are very extraordinary, as they could once live up to 50–100 years old. However, because of careless human activity in these waters, sea turtles are becoming an endangered species, and are on the face of becoming extinct.
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# Reasons for Endangerment ![A shoreline with the ocean and sand, with many sea turtles walking along the beach Photo by Megan Nixon on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*RCGxVMUoh30O3ZAj)
Photo by Megan Nixon on Unsplash
**Bycatch:** In general, all species of sea turtles are protected from human activity under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In addition, they are also protected by Hawaii’s Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 195D and Hawaii’s Administrative Rules (HAR) 13–124. Humans are supposed to maintain a far distance from sea turtles in these waters, and they will be fined if they do not maintain the proper distance of 10 feet. However, because fishermen fish for food in these Hawaiian reefs, they sometimes accidentally catch sea turtles in their nets or injure them with their hooks. Also, this illegal fishing takes away from the sea turtles’ diet, which can lead to an unbalanced ecosystem. However, laws do protect sea turtles from being sold when they are caught. **Loss of Habitat/ Global Warming:** Due to the increase in coastal development of buildings and houses along the seashore, sea turtles’ habitats are being destroyed. In addition, people ignorantly drive their cars along the beach where sea turtles are housed and where female sea turtles lay their eggs during the nesting season. These eggs become destroyed, and unfortunately, many of these eggs are never able to hatch, leading to a lack of reproduction. **Turtle Egg Consumption:** Turtle eggs are very valuable in many countries for trading and income, and many people will kill nesting females for these eggs. Once the female lays her eggs, they kill her and take both her eggs and her meat. Again, it is illegal to harm, harass, or kill any sea turtles, their hatchling, or their eggs. It is also illegal to import, sell, or transport these products. # Preservation of Biodiversity ![A sea turtle swimming amongst other marine life Photo by Tai's Captures on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*GHb1ouieo0UK_ZWC)
Photo by Tai's Captures on Unsplash
Sea turtles have a very significant role in our ecosystem, and it is important we protect them so they can continue to perform their essential duties in the environment. These crucial roles include maintaining productive coral reef ecosystems and transporting essential nutrients from the oceans to the beaches. In addition, the remaining eggshells laid by the female sea turtles on the beach from their hatched hatchlings provide important nutrients that nourish the vegetation of beach grasses. This helps to balance the sand dunes and prevent coastal erosion. If sea turtles were to go extinct, they would severely disrupt entire food chains and ecosystems. Sea turtles maintain aquatic habitats, such as coral reefs, which are necessary for the survival of many species, including fish and frogs. Many aquatic ecosystems would collapse without sea turtles. # How Can You Help? ![Photo by Jakob Owens on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*fkskxVyJCtEoh2gd)
Photo by Jakob Owens on Unsplash
As a society, fishermen and poachers must all come together to stop harming sea turtles and illegally killing them for profit. On a tourist level, when visiting beaches, like those in Hawaii, keep a far distance from female turtles’ nesting areas. They are often guarded with caution tape, which you should not go near. In addition, make sure to keep these beaches as dark as possible for sea turtles, and turn off any lights visible from the beach. Bright lights disorient hatchling sea turtles, as well as scare and discourage females from coming onto the beach to lay their eggs. This results in a lack of reproduction. When these females are nesting, do not disturb them or their hatchlings. Lastly, when swimming in these waters, keep a minimum of 10 feet away from all sea turtles.
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# Recap Sea turtles have been around for more than 40 million years and are native to Hawaii. They are constantly evolving to become more suitable for their environment. However, with careless human activities, sea turtles are struggling to reproduce and care for their offspring. Their habitats are being destroyed due to the coastal development of houses and buildings and by humans driving their cars on beaches. Because of this possibility of extinction, sea turtles are all protected by humans under the Endangered Species Act. In addition, Hawaii’s Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 195D and Hawaii’s Administrative Rules (HAR) 13–124 also protect them from human activity. Laws are put in place to make sure humans do not disturb these sea turtles’ functions. Humans are fined if they do not maintain the proper distance of 10 feet away from sea turtles. In addition, it is illegal to harm, harass, or kill any sea turtles, their hatchling, or, their eggs. It is also illegal to import, sell, or transport these products. Sea turtles have a crucial role in the environment, as they maintain aquatic habitats, including coral reefs, which are necessary for the survival of many different aquatic species. We must come together as a society to protect these important animals. # References [Hawaiian Paddle Sports](https://hawaiianpaddlesports.com/maui-sea-turtles/#:~:text=Five%20of%20the%20world's%20seven,reefs%2C%20followed%20by%20the%20hawksbill) [State of Hawai’i Division of Aquatic Resources](https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/dar/species/sea-turtles/#:~:text=All%20sea%20turtles%20in%20Hawai,various%20subpopulations%20of%20each%20species) [NOAA Fisheries](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/what-can-you-do-save-sea-turtles#:~:text=Keep%20nesting%20beaches%20dark%20and,turtles%2C%20nests%2C%20or%20hatchlings)]]> The Behind the Scenes of Sunday Night Football https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-behind-the-scenes-of-sunday-night-football https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-behind-the-scenes-of-sunday-night-football Thu, 03 Oct 2024 01:33:36 GMT American football season is an exciting time of year, but the stadiums are by no means environmentally friendly. Learn what steps have been taken and what you can do to make the games more environment safe! Photo by Henry Be on Unsplash It’s officially American football season! With the first NFL game between the Ravens and Chiefs on September 5th kicking off the 18-week American football season, people around the US are scrambling to secure tickets to attend these thrilling games in person. Although football is exciting, all this enthusiasm comes with an environmental downside. Each stadium crowd averages 69,524 people, and the massive amount of waste that each person produces during these games is detrimental to the environment. To make matters worse, setting up the stadiums also causes a multitude of environmental issues because of their high usage of water, energy, etc. The transportation of attendees and the use of stadium-operated vehicles also contribute significantly to the carbon footprint. Despite some stadiums making sustainability efforts, the environmental impact of stadiums per game remains astronomical.
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# Energy Usage ![Over 100 large stadium lights sitting above stadium wall Photo by Marta Serrano on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*17mYgGXt4sJVKHWi)
Photo by Marta Serrano on Unsplash
Stadiums have to consider numerous factors to ensure an exceptional game-viewing experience. These include lighting, heating or cooling depending on the weather, broadcasting, security, and powering multiple caterers. The primary energy consumers in a stadium are the lighting and heating or cooling systems, with other operational needs also contributing to its overall energy requirements. NFL football games are typically scheduled for the afternoon and evening, with Sunday games starting at 1 pm and a weekly 8:20 pm Sunday night game. The timing of these games, combined with the NFL regular season falling during Autumn to early Winter, often means that games are played in cold weather. In cold weather, stadiums keep fans comfortable using their heating systems. On the other hand, in warm-weather states, stadiums are equipped with air conditioning systems to keep fans comfortable. Heating and air conditioning systems ensure a pleasant viewing experience for fans by regulating the entire stadium’s temperature. While incredibly important, these systems use enormous amounts of energy. In order for the thousands of people in the stadiums to actually see the football field, extremely powerful lights are installed around the arena that are capable of evenly illuminating the field while minimizing shadows and spill light. 1500–2000-watt stadium lights are commonly used around the arena, which is an extremely high wattage in comparison to a 60–100-watt household lightbulb. The average professional sports stadium uses 10 megawatts of electricity – enough to power 10,000 households – during one event to meet the intense energy demand of the heating, conditioning, and lighting systems. In addition, some larger events consume even more electricity, such as the 2024 Super Bowl at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada, which required approximately 28 megawatt hours to power. However, Allegiant Stadium made huge strides in reducing environmental damage by powering their entire event with 100% renewable energy from NV Energy. They were able to procure enough renewable energy to power the equivalent of the energy usage of approximately 46,000 homes for the Super Bowl event. Overall, despite stadiums requiring massive amounts of power for their heating or cooling systems and light systems, it is possible to reduce the environmental impact of sports stadiums through renewable energy as shown through the 2024 Super Bowl at Allegiant Stadium. # Water Usage ![Water spraying over the field of a stadium as a single player stands on the field Photo by Maxim Hopman on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*eWkk78vrv8YVHNY2)
Photo by Maxim Hopman on Unsplash
While it is quite obvious that tons of energy going into powering a stadium, it is not quite as obvious just how much water goes into running a stadium. For one, football stadiums with natural turf use enormous amounts of water to maintain perfect green grass. About one inch of water per week is required to sustain these grass football fields. In an average NFL stadium, this means approximately 60,000 gallons of water per week. In drier climates, this number is further increased to 1–2 inches of water 1–3 times a week, or approximately 100,000 gallons of water per week. Stadiums with artificial turf are not safe from the copious amounts of water used to upkeep a football field, as artificial turf also requires sprays now and then to keep the fibers upright and clean. In maintaining a football field and the surrounding stadium lands through landscaping, significant amounts of water are utilized. Water is also needed to run the stadium bathrooms and locker rooms. From sinks to toilets themselves, the bathrooms are used by thousands of fans for every game. On average, it is estimated that 160 people use a single urinal per game. For the massive amounts of toilets mandated for a stadium to have following strict bathroom regulation rules, thousands of people are flushing the toilet during a singular event. With most newer toilets using about 1.3–1.6 gallons of water per flush, and older toilets (which stadiums have an abundance of) using 5–7 gallons of water per flush, this hidden demand of water results in thousands of gallons of water usage per game. With hopefully everybody washing their hands after using the bathroom, and approximately 0.75 gallons of water being used for only 20 seconds of sink usage, thousands of gallons of water are also used to run the sinks of stadiums for a single event. Another hidden usage of water is the water used to cool down an air conditioning system. Up to 48% of a building’s water usage can be attributed to the water used for cooling air conditioning systems. With some stadiums using a total of between 600,000–1,000,000 gallons of water per game, that 48% amount of water used to run an air conditioning system in a stadium is far too large. Overall, as water is used by stadiums for maintenance, bathrooms, air conditioning, and more, inefficient systems result in millions of gallons of water being wasted. This wasted water could’ve been used for drinking, since much of the water that stadiums use is potable. Though some stadiums try to reduce their water usage through more water-efficient plumbing systems, water-efficient sprinkler systems, etc., the environmental impact of stadiums through water usage is undeniable. # Waste Production ![Sports Stadium filled with patrons and paper thrown into the air Photo by Piero Huerto Gago on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*EKkuCn84_J_AQ2Ay)
Photo by Piero Huerto Gago on Unsplash
While it isn’t surprising that tons of waste is created at each football game, it is difficult for most people to comprehend the sheer amount of waste produced per game. Any football fan who’s attended a game can attest to the waste strewn all over the floor at the conclusion of the game. With each attendee creating an estimated 1–2 pounds of waste each, approximately 35 tons of waste is produced in a single football game. This number is further increased during larger football games such as the Super Bowl. However, sports stadiums attempting to limit their environmental damage have found the most success in this department with recycling, composting, and reducing efforts. Waste diversion programs at Truist Park in Atlanta have prevented up to 75% of trash produced by sports stadiums from ending up in landfills. This movement of waste diversion is also seen in other stadiums as they too attempt to reduce their environmental impact. # What Can You Do? ![Two footballs on empty football field with sun shining in background Photo by Raymond Petrik on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*W9MvnViaGseJwNQ7)
Photo by Raymond Petrik on Unsplash
Though many sports stadiums have attempted to “go green” in recent years, there are many stadiums that continue to use inefficient practices resulting in excessive energy usage, water usage, waste production, etc. With social media, it is important to promote stadiums that are partaking in more environmentally-friendly practices to encourage other stadiums to do the same. It’s been shown that it is possible to run a stadium with fully renewable energy, implement efficient plumbing systems to conserve water, and so on. Encouraging stadiums to become more sustainable will reduce the negative environmental impact of sports stadiums, especially around this exciting football season.
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# Recap American football season is an exciting time of year with millions of spectators eager to watch a game in person. These stadiums, while a beacon of enthusiasm, are also incredibly environmentally harmful with their high energy usage, high water usage, and large waste production. These stadiums use enormous amounts of energy to power their lights and heating or cooling systems. Water is used to irrigate the football field, run the bathrooms and locker rooms, and cool the air conditioning systems. Waste production from the abundance of vendors and attendees results in tons of trash being produced per game. Though efforts to reduce the environmental impact of stadiums have occurred such as Allegiant Stadium powering the Super Bowl with 100% renewable energy, Truist Park diverting up to 75% of waste from landfills, and more, many stadiums continue to use inefficient systems which result in excessive environmental impact. Promoting stadiums that partake in environmentally-friendly practices is crucial in encouraging more stadiums to go green. # References [Mortenson](https://www.mortenson.com/newsroom/sports-sustainability-improves-business-and-planet#:~:text=A%20study%20conducted%20at%20Duke,households%20for%20an%20entire%20month.) [USC Annenberg Media](https://www.uscannenbergmedia.com/2021/12/01/sports-stadiums-and-their-environmental-impacts/) [Sports Business Journal](https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2024/01/15/nfl-attendance) [RRR Lighting](https://www.rrrlighting.com/blog/how-powerful-is-a-stadium-light/) [The State Press](https://www.statepress.com/article/2023/02/anatomy-of-super-bowl-lvii-field) [Landgate](https://www.landgate.com/news/first-super-bowl-powered-by-100-renewable-energy#:~:text=During%20the%20Super%20Bowl%2C%20the,the%20stadium's%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions.) [Wastedive](https://www.wastedive.com/news/stadium-recycling-reuse-plastic-sustainability/638684/#:~:text=Stadiums%20hold%20tens%20of%20thousands,Program%20told%20Front%20Office%20Sports.) [Turf Factory Direct](https://turffactorydirect.com/blog/football-field-sprinkler-systems/#:~:text=A%20grass%20football%20field%20will,gallons%20of%20water%20per%20week.) [FacilityManagement.com](https://facilitymanagement.com/hvac-energy-consumption/) [intro to Sports Architecture](https://intro2sportsarchitecture.wordpress.com/class-9-toilets-turf-and-mitigating-water-consumption/#:~:text=The%20average%20football%20stadium%20urinal,gals%20of%20water%20per%20year.)]]> Pokémon’s Environmental Motifs Throughout the Years https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/pokemons-environmental-motifs-through-the-years https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/pokemons-environmental-motifs-through-the-years Sat, 28 Sep 2024 19:33:15 GMT From the outside, though the concept of having make-believe critters fight to the “faint” may not be ethically or environmentally acceptable, the plots of the stories can provide insight on real world issues. Read more to find out how the different generations of Pokémon teach us about various world events and environmental problems. Photo by Dennis Cortés on Unsplash For many people, Pokémon was an integral part of their childhoods. Some of you may recall spending your weekends watching the next Pokémon episode on TV, or training the Pokémon you caught in one of the many games released. Even if you weren’t an avid consumer of the franchise, there’s no doubt you’ve at least seen Pokémon in the media or heard of the lovable pokémon mascot: Pikachu. Many lovers of the franchise feel drawn to Pokémon because of the cute and lovable companions you can experience your journey with. From the start, the Pokémon franchise has been an eco-conscious game. Pokémon’s creator, Satoshi Tajiri, created this project because of his love of insect collecting, which explains Gen 1’s abundance of cute and lovable bug type Pokémon. He wished to provide kids in urban areas the same joy of exploring different terrains and environments, while searching and catching different creatures and insects. Tajiri’s love for animals shows through his work, as many of the storylines in Pokémon mirror real-world events and issues. # Gen 1 and Gen 2 ![Tiger sitting in cage staring directly forward Photo by Paula Borowska on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*w7_wZbgcZYnffFv5)
Photo by Paula Borowska on Unsplash
In the first two games of the Pokémon series, Pokémon Red and Blue and Pokémon Gold and Silver, the main vigilante group of the storyline was the notorious Team Rocket. Team Rocket’s goals were quite simple: to take over the world using the power of Pokémon. The famous and lovable antagonists of the Pokémon anime — Jessie, James, and Meowth — were Team Rocket’s Grunts, whose main objective was stealing Ash’s (the main character) unusually strong Pikachu. ## **Poaching** This plotline, while used as comedic relief in the anime, represents real life poaching, which is the capture or killing of rare or exotic animals (capturing in this case) for one’s own personal gain. Poaching and animal trafficking is run similarly to illegal gun and weapon trading. Underground businesses kill or capture animals to sell them or their parts for profit. It’s a million dollar industry that leaves dozens of species at risk of endangerment. Animals like elephants are killed for their ivory tusks, and rhinoceroses are killed for their horns. Many animals are killed for their pelts to be used in fashion, including tigers and minks. The African and Asian pangolin are popularly hunted for their meat, skin, and scales. Exotic birds and fish are captured alive and taken from their habitat to be kept as pets, or displayed in zoos and aquariums. All of these species have become, or are at risk of becoming, endangered, largely due to illegal poaching. ## **Genetic modification** Genetic modification is also prevalent in the Pokémon universe, with the recurring character Mewtwo, introduced in Gen 1, being a representation of the real world problem. Mewtwo was made from the DNA of the legendary Pokémon Mew, which has the ability to transform into any Pokémon. Mewtwo was genetically modified to become a weapon used for wordly control. However, Mewtwo developed a resentment toward humans, and escaped the lab it was created in. This is a nod toward the genetic modifications done to animals, dogs in particular, to make the animal more desirable to humans. It is typically done to dogs like pugs and teacup species to make them cuter, despite the detrimental effects these modifications have on the health of the animal. The iconic squished-face look pugs possess, while cute, leads to major respiratory issues for the dogs. Teacup puppies are bred to be small and cute, but their fragility leads to bone problems and makes them prone to accidents. Dachshunds, for example, are bred to have short and stubby legs, which leads to problems in their joints and vertebrae. In this case, Mewtwo was genetically modified to be used as a destructive weapon for Team Rocket in order for them to achieve world domination, leading Mewtwo to hold a grudge against humankind. # Gen 3 ![Shows river running through Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan with buildings surrounding river on both sides and lush grass on banks of river Photo by Leopold Maitre on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*rbeSiiatbDjvCZbw)
Photo by Leopold Maitre on Unsplash
The plotline of the 3rd generation game, Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire, was based on a real environmental dispute in the Japanese region Kyushu regarding the Isahaya Tidal Flats. In 1997, the Japanese government cut off water to the Isahaya bay and the tidal flats were drained in order to expand agricultural farm land. The fisherman protested this action, stating that it would disrupt their fishing and seaweed collection, and ruin the biodiversity in those lands. The flats were once filled with hundreds of different marine sea creatures, as well as migratory birds, but it has now been drained and replaced with farmland. In 2010, the High Court ruled in favor of the fisherman and opted to open the floodgates to the Isahaya Tidal Flats, but the Nagasaki District court overruled that decision in 2017. This was due to the protests from the farmers who now used that land, since the water would flood their crops and ruin their farms. In Pokémon, every generation has two games released, which vary slightly from each other. One of the variables changed in Gen 3’s games is the antagonistic groups that the player has to fight against throughout the story. In Pokémon Ruby, the opposing organization was called Team Magma, who wanted to expand the amount of landmass in the world using the legendary Pokémon Groudon. In Pokémon Sapphire, the opposing organization was Team Aqua, who wanted to flood the land and expand the sea using the legendary pokémon Kyogre. This plotline is a clear parallel to the Isahaya events, with Team Magma representing the farmers and Team Aqua representing the fishermen. Both sides had goals they believed were “right,” but would come at the expense of the opposing side. # Gen 5 ![Dog sitting on pillow on a brown sofa and staring forwardPhoto by Alexander Grey on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*0jFO8I_lSp1_xdC-)
Photo by Alexander Grey on Unsplash
Although there have been debates on the ethicality of catching creatures and using them to engage in battle, it has been proven countless times that the relationship between humans and Pokémon in the Pokémon universe is relatively positive. In fact, this dilemma was addressed in Pokémon’s 5th generation game: Pokémon Black and White, released in 2010. The villain group, Team Plasma, sought to liberate Pokémon from their trainers because they viewed owning Pokémon as a non-consensual and abusive relationship. This has been proven false, since a positive relationship between humans and Pokémon has been continuously emphasized throughout the series. This is especially prevalent in Gen 8, when a game mechanic was introduced where if your relationship with your Pokémon was positive enough, then that Pokémon could maintain one HP when hit in battle. Still, throughout the game, Team Plasma are seen trying to steal trainers’ Pokémon, including those in the Pokémon universe who don’t engage in battles and simply keep Pokémon around for companionship. While their motives can’t necessarily be called evil, their methods were clearly questionable. Team Plasma’s organization and motives directly correlates to the controversy surrounding a certain animal rights organization: PETA. While PETA’s concept is commendable, their ideals have been shown to be skewed, and the methods they use to reach their goals have been argued to be morally ambiguous. One of these methods is the euthanization of perfectly healthy and adoptable pets because they think that death is a mercy to animals with “no one to love them.” Amanda Schinke, a spokesperson for PETA, states: “sometimes [animals] need the comfort of being put out of their misery — a painless release from a world in which they were abused and unwanted.” However, these animals were in perfect health and eligible for adoption, so rather than showing these animals “mercy,” the organization killed potential family members and best friends. Another example is PETA’s reputation of taking away pets from households because they view pet ownership as “involuntary bondage.” In 2014, a chihuahua named Maya, who was the companion of 9 year old Cynthia Zarate, was seen unsupervised and unleashed, so Victoria Carey and Jennifer Wood, two women affiliated with PETA, took Maya and put her down. The Zarate family then sued the organization and won, obtaining $49,000 from the lawsuit. # Recap ![Computer with Pikachu background on screen sitting on desk corner Photo by Itadaki on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*m58JVAVn_FIq7ONr)
Photo by Itadaki on Unsplash
From the outside, though the concept of having make-believe critters fight to the “faint” may not be ethically or environmentally acceptable, the plots of the stories can provide insight on real world issues. Pokémon references real-world issues through their plotlines and characters. Serious issues such as poaching, genetic modification, environmental disputes, the ethics of catching and using animals, and controversial organizations like PETA have been referenced in Pokémon. Different generations of Pokémon teach us about different events and problems through Tajiri’s creative and immersive storytelling, while allowing players to bond and evolve their digital companions. # References [DOI Foundation](https://gc.copernicus.org/preprints/gc-2024-2/gc-2024-2.pdf) [The Verge](https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/30/21115034/pokemon-conservation-climate-change-detective-pikachu) [Global Atlas of Environmental Justice](https://ejatlas.org/conflict/isahaya-bay-nagasaki-prefecture-construction-of-the-dyke-japan) [The Atlantic](https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/03/petas-terrible-horrible-no-good-very-bad-history-of-killing-animals/254130/) [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/17/peta-sorry-for-taking-girls-dog-putting-it-down) [Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/science/endangered-species) [World Wild Life](https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/illegal-wildlife-trade)]]> Back to School Sustainability https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/back-to-school-sustainablility https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/back-to-school-sustainablility Fri, 27 Sep 2024 19:24:55 GMT With school starting for many elementary through university-aged students, the problem of supplies and food waste is a major topic to discuss. Learn about the effects of school supplies waste as well as food waste and what you can do to combat pollution! Photo by Ivan Aleksic on Unsplash August and September are two busy months for all students as they get back into the routine of waking up early to go to school and staying up late to finish homework. With the start of school, parents also have the important job of providing their kids with the correct supplies so that their children can be successful in class. In addition, parents also need to either pack their kid’s lunch with food from the supermarket or give their kid money to buy lunch at the cafeteria. Because of this, with each school year, tons of waste from both school supplies in the classroom and school lunches in the cafeteria is produced. As a society, we need to find ways to limit this extreme waste of supplies and food in a school setting.
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# School Supplies Waste ![Desk with pencil shavings, pens, pencils, a notebook, and glasses Photo by Corinne Kutz on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*5z2QuSZFCWjEiVua)
Photo by Corinne Kutz on Unsplash
Each year, about $38.8 billion worth of back-to-school supplies are newly purchased. On average, households with children ranging from elementary school through high school plan to spend an estimated amount of about $874.68 on new clothing, shoes, electronics, and school supplies, according to the National Retail Federation and Prosper Insights & Analytics’ annual survey. 77% of all school supplies bought during one school year are wasted. These alarming statistics show a serious problem in the amount of school supplies being wasted. Not only are these school supplies being wasted and not reused by someone else, but they are also contributing to the problem of climate change. Many of the school supplies we use in school are plastic and non-biodegradable. As a result, these plastics end up in landfills, which have negative harmful effects on both humans and the animals living around them. As the waste from the plastic in school supplies decompose in a landfill, it releases harmful toxins that pollute the ground and water. Humans and other living organisms have to drink this polluted water which then in turn results in negative health effects. In addition, landfills also release a toxic gas, methane, into the atmosphere which adds to the problem of global warming. # School Lunch Waste ![Man at a buffet Photo by Ye Chen on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*2jb1fDAE5mIgvv3i)
Photo by Ye Chen on Unsplash
Schools and students create 530,000 tons of food waste in the cafeteria each year. Much of this food is wasted because students are forced to grab fruits and milk they do not necessarily want to eat, but are included in their meal price. On the school lunch line, schools make students grab a piece of fruit and milk. Many of the students do not like the fruit being given to them, and just throw it away instead of it being given to someone who really wants or needs it. Students should be given the option to take what they know they are going to eat instead of being forced to take something they know they will not eat. Kids are often picky eaters, and schools should consider this when it comes to school lunches. # What Can You Do? ![Group of young students with backpacks and hats walking outside Photo by note thanun on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*Wy03CzyC6xWnBjab)
Photo by note thanun on Unsplash
Instead of purchasing brand-new school supplies every school year, you can allow your kids to try and use their old supplies before buying more. This can help teach children the importance of finishing what you have before getting more. In addition, there are countless organizations that will accept new or slightly used supplies and give these supplies to families with students who do not have the money to purchase their own supplies. As they say, “One man’s trash is another man’s treasure.” Something that may not seem valuable to a family that has enough of something may seem like the whole world for families in need. Donating leftover supplies is important in maintaining the amount of environmental waste from school supplies. To add on, in a school lunch setting, it is important to encourage students to bring home any packed lunch that may not have been eaten. Instead of having your child throw away any remaining lunch, there is probably someone at home who would be willing to eat the leftovers, or it can be placed in a compost bin. This also shows parents what children eat and do not eat, and can help in future preparations of meals. Many schools in the United States have realized that there is a problem when it comes to wasted food in the cafeteria and are turning to different methods to try and solve these problems. For example, some schools are donating leftover sandwiches to recovery organizations and to people in need. Donating is a great way of reducing the amount of food not being eaten by students.
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# Recap With school starting for many elementary through university-aged students, the problem of supplies and food waste is a major topic to discuss. Each year, 77% of all school supplies bought during one school year are wasted. Many of these school supplies are plastic and non-biodegradable and as a result, these plastics end up in landfills which have harmful effects on both humans and the animals living around them. The ground and water can become polluted impacting all living organisms. In addition, landfills only add to the problem of climate change. In addition, schools and students emit 530,000 tons of food waste in the cafeteria each year. Kids tend to know what they will or will not eat, so schools should stop forcing students to take foods they know they will not consume. Parents should have a conversation with their kids about food waste to try and avoid future waste. # References [CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/back-to-school-spending-supplies-cheapest-most-expensive/#:~:text=Back%2Dto%2Dschool%20shopping%20is,before%20busting%20the%20family%20budget) [Greenbinz](https://greenbinz.org/the-problem-2/) [Pirg](https://pirg.org/edfund/resources/10-tips-for-reducing-food-waste-in-your-childs-lunch-this-school-year/#:~:text=A%20study%20from%20the%20World,and%20contributing%20to%20global%20warming)
]]> Losing Lobster: Climate Change's Effect on the Gulf of Maine https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/losing-lobster-climate-changes-effect-on-the-gulf-of-maine https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/losing-lobster-climate-changes-effect-on-the-gulf-of-maine Tue, 17 Sep 2024 21:35:50 GMT The Gulf of Maine is experiencing record-high temperatures which is threatening marsh habitats and wildlife. Although, in a time of crisis, cities of Maine have come together to work towards solutions to ensure the safety of coastal communities and the fishing industry in the future. Photo by David Baker on Unsplash The problem of warming ocean temperatures has been a hot topic in the news more recently, particularly following the record-breaking temperatures witnessed during the summer of 2024. When thinking of rising ocean temperatures, images of distant international waters or fragile coral reefs might be among the few things that people imagine. So, it may come as a shocker to discover that the Gulf of Maine — right off the coast of the United States — is warming faster than ninety-nine percent of the world’s oceans. This unfortunate reality has the potential to impact coastal communities, tourism, and even the infamous lobster fisheries in the Pine Tree State of Maine.
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# Why Are Water Temperatures Rising? ![Zoom in on a wave Photo by Christoffer Engström on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*-p41w0BglXfPPU2r)
Photo by Christoffer Engström on Unsplash
Two major currents supply the Gulf of Maine with both cool and warm water. Labrador Current brings cold water from the Arctic region southward, while the Gulf Stream carries tropical, warm water northward. Historically, the Labrador current has been responsible for maintaining a cooler temperature in the Gulf of Maine that is optimal for the wildlife present. However, due to climate change, the Labrador current has weakened, while the Gulf Stream current has only grown stronger, bringing even higher temperatures to the Gulf. The unique geology of the Gulf of Maine makes it even more susceptible to the current changes. The Gulf of Maine is described as a “bathtub” in its structure, as it has a deeper center, but very shallow shores. This means it absorbs atmospheric heat at a faster rate than most other large bodies of water. Not only does the Gulf’s structure make it vulnerable, but the source of its waters exacerbates that vulnerability. Adding to the misfortune, over 60 rivers drain into the Gulf. Rivers warm faster than oceans, so the drainage of that freshwater into the Gulf increases the overall water temperature. Additionally, the Georges Bank partially blocks the Gulf from being open to the cooler water temperatures in the North Atlantic. As a result of all these factors, it has been found that the ocean waters in the Gulf of Maine have increased about 0.23 degrees Celsius each year since 2004. # Habitat Destruction ![Dusk in the mountains reflected off water Photo by Phillip Gow on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*VW-lLxq8ixuGlmNJ)
Photo by Phillip Gow on Unsplash
Sea levels rising as a result of increased water temperatures has the potential to disrupt vital marsh habitats across the coasts of Maine. Marshes perform natural filtering processes in water, along with providing homes for fish, birds, and other wildlife. Specific to Maine, marshes act as nursery grounds for certain fish species that are commercially and recreationally crucial. Similar to coral reefs, marshes can also be buffer zones that mitigate damage caused by wave and wind impact during storms and severe weather events. Beyond their protective uses, marshes can also absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere; they are even able to filter out more CO2 than forest habitats. A recent study concluded that if by 2100, no work is done to slow or reverse rising water temperatures, in the “best-case scenario,” sixty percent of coastal marshes in Maine will be lost, while in the “worst-case scenario” it is predicted that ninety percent of coastal marshes will be destroyed. Either outcome could cause irreversible damage to the livelihood of wildlife and residents of Maine. # Wildlife Migration ![Lobster on a log Photo by Steven Joel on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*_WL5nbm0FoFVlURZ)
Photo by Steven Joel on Unsplash
The migration of marine species native to Maine is a testament to the harmful effects of rising water temperatures. Cod fish, which have been historically caught in Maine, are now being found in abundance in cooler waters of places like Iceland. Currently, Maine’s most famous catch, the lobster, is considered to be healthy in numbers. Nevertheless, there has been some records of lobsters moving more north and farther out to sea in search of colder habitats. Lobstering in Southern Maine is virtually nonexistent and the consequences of warming waters could potentially make lobstering in the entire state of Maine a distant memory. Warm-water species are rapidly replacing native marine species in the waters of Maine. Fisheries in the state are frequently reporting that they find blue crabs in their traps. Seahorses, black sea bass, and other warm water species are also been noticed, alarming many. Dan Chadourne, a second-generation fisherman remarked, “I’m catching fish that don’t belong here. I’m catching triggerfish that belong in Florida. The first time I caught one, it was like, ‘Wow!’ you know? But now, I’ve caught so many of them, it’s common. I don’t even think about it: I just flip the trap over and dump them out.” # Locals Are At Risk ![Flooding happening in a cityPhoto by Bernd 📷 Dittrich on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*iIpi7d40tPSR3wSY)
Photo by Bernd 📷 Dittrich on Unsplash
Due to the warming waters in the Gulf of Maine, sea levels are continuously rising leading to the possibility of flooding events in coastal areas increasing. A big result of climate change has been higher tides and stronger storm surges that can contribute to floods. Waterfront communities such as Portland, Maine’s most populated city, are already being impacted. Since 1912, Portland has experienced tides exceeding the known flood stage of twelve feet, occurring at an average rate of six times annually. Now Portland see floods ten times a year, and this number is expected to continue rising. The livelihoods of fishermen and fishery workers have been threatened by the shifting of marine species that are caught commercially in Maine. A a result, sustainable harvesting of species is now being prioritized in the Gulf, where thousands depend on a thriving marine economy. # Working Towards a Solution ![Port near mountains Photo by Lucut Razvan on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*O_bp8G0YQx0pWULs)
Photo by Lucut Razvan on Unsplash
together to work towards a solution in response to the encroaching impacts of increased temperatures in the Gulf. Climate response plans are currently in development. They include things like revising ordinances that relate to freeboard, which enforces that a structure’s lowest floor is built or raised a certain number of feet above the minimum flood level. Local fisheries are also exploring the potential of aquaculture, the controlled cultivation of marine life. Unfortunately, the majority of fisheries in Maine are small businesses that do not have the resources to set up aquaculture projects.
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# Recap The Gulf of Maine is experiencing record-high temperatures. The supply of the colder Labrador current is being overpowered by the warmer Gulf Stream current as a result of climate change. This shift is causing sea level along Maine’s coast to rise, which is threatening marsh habitats and wildlife. Locals are at higher risk for flooring and the fishing industry is concerned that with the migration of native species to cooler, northward regions, their livelihood is at risk. Although, in a time of crisis, cities of Maine have come together to work towards solutions to ensure the safely of coastal communities and the fishing industry in the future. # References [Gulf of Maine Research Institute](https://www.gmri.org/stories/gulf-of-maine-explained-causes-impacts-of-rapid-warming/) [University of New England](https://www.une.edu/magazine/climate-change) [National Geographic](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/gulf-of-maine-climate-change-photographer) [CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/sea-change-gulf-of-maine/)]]> The Global Impact of Floods https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-global-impact-of-floods https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-global-impact-of-floods Sun, 15 Sep 2024 03:06:57 GMT Floods, worsened by climate change, are growing more severe and frequent, causing devastation all across the globe. From historic floods in China, to the ongoing devastation in 2024, the toll on human lives, infrastructure, and economies is profound. However, collaborative global efforts to reduce emissions and build resilient communities can help ensure a safer future for all! Photo by Chris Gallagher on Unsplash Floods are becoming an increasingly frequent and unfortunate reality in many parts of the world. As the planet heats up, we have started witnessing more intense and reoccurring flooding events that devastate communities, disrupt economies, and claim thousands of lives. Whether it’s flash floods caused by intense rainfall or slow-rising floods due to river overflow, the impacts are progressively widespread. Understanding what causes floods and how climate change is worsening them is critical as these natural disasters become more common. These effects are no longer contained in flood-prone areas, as floods are beginning to wreak havoc worldwide.
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# What are Floods? ![Stores in a community completely flooded. Photo by Grace Koo on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*q7O4SQkLaHu-oyPv)
Photo by Grace Koo on Unsplash
Floods are natural events that occur when water overflows onto typically dry land, often completely overwhelming rivers, lakes, or drainage systems. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including excessive rainfall, rapid snowmelt, coastal storm surges, or the failure of dams and levees. Some floods, such as flash floods, occur within just hours following a storm. Others develop more slowly, over days or even weeks, as rivers rise and spill over their banks. No matter the circumstance, if not handled properly, floods can be one of the most devastating natural disasters. It is well known that climate change is a big contributor to severe floods. As global temperatures rise, the air becomes warmer, leading to accelerated evaporation, resulting in increased moisture in the atmosphere. When this moisture condenses, it leads to heavier and more frequent rainfall. However, the impacts of climate change reach far beyond just rain. Rising temperatures are causing glaciers and polar ice caps to melt, which has contributed to rising sea levels. Due to this, coastal regions have become more vulnerable to storm surges and flooding. In addition, the intensity of tropical storms and hurricanes has also begun to increase due to climate change. These storms now carry more water and hit regions with greater force, causing widespread flooding over vast areas. From Europe to Asia to North America, many places are experiencing increasingly severe floods that are devastating their communities and have even claimed lives. # The Global Devastation of Floods in Recent Years Around the world, countries have witnessed catastrophic floods that have resulted in both human and economic losses. In 2021, severe flooding in Western Europe, specifically in Germany and Belgium, claimed over 180 lives and caused billions of dollars in damages. The United States also saw unprecedented rainfall and flash floods from hurricanes, like Hurricane Ida, leaving parts of New York and New Jersey flooded. In Southeast Asia, countries like Bangladesh, India, and Indonesia are frequent victims of intensifying seasonal monsoons, which are due to climate change. Every year, millions are displaced, and entire regions are rendered uninhabitable during flood season. Furthermore, Australia faced severe floods in 2022, displacing tens of thousands of people all while causing billions in property damage. In all these regions, the economic impacts of floods have been profound, with agriculture being particularly hard hit. Farms are often the first to suffer, leading to food shortages and increased prices. Additionally, as infrastructure collapse under floodwaters, recovery costs soar, which leaves many developing nations struggling to rebuild. ## China’s Historical Experience with Floods China, a country with a long history of both natural and human-made disasters, is no stranger to catastrophic floods. The country’s geography — dominated by its river systems, including the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers — has always made it susceptible to flooding. Historically, China has experienced some of the deadliest floods in the world. For instance, the Yangtze River floods in 1931 claimed up to 4 million lives and is regarded as one of the worst natural disasters of the 20th century. In recent decades, China has heavily invested in flood control infrastructure, including the construction of large dams like the Three Gorges Dam. Nevertheless, as the frequency of these extreme weather events rises due to climate change, even these defenses are rendered useless. ## China’s Floods in 2024 ![Jiangxi, a city in China, on July 2nd, completely flooded. Washington Post](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*QucIwtH5lfnJkaKsO-OZnQ.png)
Washington Post
In 2024, China experienced some of its most devastating floods in recent memory, particularly in the southern province of Guangdong. Days of torrential downpours led to massive flooding, landslides, and mudslides that claimed the lives of at least 47 people. Many of these deaths occurred in the city of Meizhou, where extreme rainfall destroyed homes, roads, and farmlands. Some areas of the region saw up to 14.4 inches of rain, reaching historic levels of flooding. In Pingyuan County, landslides and mudslides severely affected eight townships, contributing to the region’s widespread destruction and economic loss. The 2024 floods caused ample damage, as they destroyed over 356 kilometers of roads, damaged more than 100 bridges, and submerged thousands of hectares of farmland. In Jiaoling County alone, the direct economic losses were estimated at 3.65 billion yuan ($502 million). Similarly, the Meixian district, another severely affected area, reported 1.06 billion yuan ($146 million) in losses. Beyond the immediate tragedy of lost lives and property, these floods have had a lasting effect on China’s agricultural sector. Southern China is home to much of the nation’s food production, so as fields are submerged and crops destroyed, food shortages and rising prices are expected to follow. The destruction of critical infrastructure also hinders recovery efforts, with roads and bridges needing repair before needed supplies can reach isolated areas. # How We Can Help Combat Climate Change ![Two people planting a tree together.One Tree Planted](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*CQfkn-loor48DiKIlLgiMg.png)
One Tree Planted
Addressing climate change is crucial to preventing the increasingly frequent and severe floods that have devastated countries like China. While individuals, communities, and governments can all take steps to mitigate climate change, collective action is necessary to achieve meaningful results. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most effective strategies to combat climate change. This can be achieved through a combination of individual lifestyle changes, such as reducing energy consumption and adopting more sustainable practices, and large-scale policy initiatives. Governments must continue to push for the transition to renewable energy, like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, to replace fossil fuels like coal and oil. Additionally, building resilient infrastructure is crucial. Cities and towns must develop flood defenses that account for the impact climate change has on weather patterns. This includes investing in natural flood defenses, such as wetlands and mangroves, which help absorb floodwaters. Improving early-warning systems is also necessary in order to ensure that people can evacuate safely before a disaster strikes. # The Role of Relief Organizations in Flood Assistance ![Flood rescue saving people from a flooded building. Open Rivers](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*t1QDqGLh1mYTL7E1W_11pg.png)
Open Rivers
During times of crisis, relief organizations play a pivotal role in providing aid to those affected by floods. Groups like the Red Cross, UNICEF, and Doctors Without Borders are often among the first responders to a flood, delivering essential supplies such as food, clean water, and medical aid. In the wake of the 2024 floods in China, many relief organizations mobilized to provide shelter to the displaced and assist in recovery efforts. In Guangdong province, over 110,000 people were evacuated as floodwaters submerged large parts of the region. Relief agencies set up temporary shelters and provided basic necessities to those affected. Efforts to restore power to the 1.16 million households that lost electricity were accelerated by teams on the ground, ensuring that most had their power restored within 48 hours. The work of these organizations extends beyond immediate aid. They also assist in long-term recovery efforts by rebuilding infrastructure, ensuring access to clean water, and helping affected communities become more resilient to future disasters.
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# Recap Floods, worsened by climate change, are growing more severe and frequent, causing devastation all across the globe. From historic floods in China, to the ongoing devastation in 2024, the toll on human lives, infrastructure, and economies is profound. While relief organizations continue to provide crucial support, addressing the root causes of climate change through sustainable practices and policies is essential to mitigating future calamities. Collaborative global efforts to reduce emissions and build resilient communities can help ensure a safer future for all. # References [AP News](https://apnews.com/article/china-flooding-guangdong-4c9ff00b28335e7c54ac1c7acdbc09c5) [BBC](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp0gd5ezj9lo) [Washington Post](https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/07/09/china-floods-climate-change/) [CNN](https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/22/china/china-floods-climate-change-intl-hnk/index.html)]]> Should We Be Recycling? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/should-we-be-recycling https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/should-we-be-recycling Tue, 10 Sep 2024 01:41:41 GMT Recycling can be considered one of the only methods to reduce waste from ending up in a landfill, ocean, or incinerator. Although, there are some flaws in recycling, learn about why recycling is important for preserving our Earth! Photo by Jack Church on Unsplash Recycling has long been hailed as an important practice contributing to the fight against the overwhelming amount of waste humans have accumulated. In fact, the phrase “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” is taught since elementary school, reminding everyone to lower their environmental impact. Despite its reputation as a solution to the immense amount of waste, recycling is not the complete miracle solution people believe it to be. Many wonder if it is even worth it to recycle. The potential drawbacks to recycling cause hesitation among those wanting to recycle to improve the environment.
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# The Only Option ![Landfill with piles of grey trash Photo by Katie Rodriguez on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*4pJDXfPCUt7geBjv)
Photo by Katie Rodriguez on Unsplash
It is a well-known fact that trash that isn’t recycled is disposed of in environmentally-damaging ways. Landfills hold profuse amounts of trash that can leak chemicals into the ground, water, or air. Pollution in various forms occurs, as landfill trash has nowhere to go but into the environment as it breaks down. Trash that isn’t disposed of in landfills often gets dumped in the ocean or incinerated. These methods too pose a serious problem, as incineration creates smog that pollutes the air and dumping in the ocean causes water pollution. The surrounding populations of organisms in the water are greatly affected by the pollution, as fish die by ingesting plastic and chemicals released into the water make it difficult for plant life underwater to carry out normal functions. The smog created from incinerating trash can block sunlight, causing plants and other organisms to not grow properly. It can also cause acid rain, and overall damage organisms dependent on air. With few alternatives that are not outright environmentally-damaging, recycling is one of the only ways to prevent some trash from polluting the environment. What about reusing trash for other purposes? Every minute, 3,825 tons of waste is produced and collected on Earth. The incredibly large amount of waste produced daily around the world makes it impossible to reuse all of it for other purposes. Even then, only so much of the trash can be used for other purposes. For example, excess hair from hair salons can be felted together and reused as oil-absorbing hair mats for use during oil spills. The organization Matter of Trust collects donations of hair to be used for such purposes. Hair can be reused for another purpose in this way and avoid the landfill. People have also begun to weave plastic bags together to form water-resistant mats for homeless people to sleep on. Many volunteers have banded together to donate their time to weave these mats. Plastic bags are considered too stretchy to be recycled by recycling facilities, as these bags get stuck in the equipment. Reusing plastic bags as sleeping mats for the homeless is an environmentally-beneficial way to reuse trash. However, many products cannot be reused for various reasons. Products that are contaminated in some way pose a risk to those using products made from this material. Some materials also lack the structural integrity to be reused before going through the recycling process. Many eco-friendly, sustainable bricks for construction are made with some mixture of recycled plastic, as many plastic products before recycling are not strong enough. However, recycled plastic must be determined to be able to be recycled in a cost-effective, time-efficient way, so a lot of plastic does not meet these qualifications. Plastic bags, styrofoam, and soft plastics that retain their shape after being squeezed cannot be recycled. Composite plastics made of various different types of plastics are difficult to recycle with standard recycling processes due to its components requiring different breakdown methods. Polycarbonate also requires specialized equipment to recycle. Due to the various difficulties in recycling plastic, even reusing plastic in a larger scale beyond arts and crafts is difficult. It is impossible to deny that recycling is one of the only methods of preventing some trash from ending up in the landfill. Reducing waste does not completely stop waste from being produced, though it is an environmentally-beneficial practice. Reusing waste is also helpful in reducing the amount of waste ending up in a landfill or ocean. However, even with the rise of biodegradable products and environmentally-friendly products, enormous amounts of waste continue to be produced. Recycling, though not perfect, still slows the damage to our environment from waste disposal. # Concerns ![Batteries of various shapes, sizes, and colors Photo by John Cameron on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*kZzY2a17jA9GAGWQ)
Photo by John Cameron
If recycling is this great solution, why is there a lack of recycling facilities? The main reason for this has to be the substantial cost of operating a recycling facility. Specialized machinery, technology, and workforce investments create a financial burden that many do not want to undertake. Equipment to sort different types of plastic and to remove contaminants from materials can contribute to this high cost. Workers need to be skilled to operate this machinery, as the technology can be complicated. With the cost of setting up a recycling facility being so high, many are apprehensive to start one. This leads to limited availability of recycling facilities, which lowers the convenience of recycling. Less people participate in recycling due to its inconvenience for them, which leads to more trash in the landfills and oceans. It is undeniable that recycled materials are of lower quality and value than new materials. Not only are new materials cheaper to produce, but the quality of new materials is better because there is little chance of contaminants compromising the structural integrity of recycled materials. Recycling materials is often inefficient and time-consuming, as people throw non-recyclable materials into their recycling bins, which causes contamination of the materials. Specialized equipment to remove contamination increases costs and time burdens of recycling, which contributes to its inefficiency. Due to the long amount of time needed to remove this contamination, fewer recyclable materials are recycled than facilities have potential for, which increases the amount of waste that could not be saved from the landfill or oceans. Recycling takes its own burden on the environment in the form of the chemicals used, the high water and energy usage, and the pollutants released during the recycling process. To operate the necessary machinery to break down the materials, remove contamination, and make the materials ready for reuse takes substantial amounts of energy and water. This amount is further increased when considering the costs of transporting materials. Due to the enormous time burden of sorting non-recyclables from recyclables before recycling to lessen contamination, some facilities ship materials to foreign countries. This transport raises costs and resource use,, which further damages the environment. Recycling also takes a toll to the environment with the pollutants it releases during the breakdown of materials, along with the chemicals used to facilitate this breakdown. # Better Than Nothing ![Three colored bins with labels: green compost bin on left, red waste bin in middle, yellow recycle bin on right Photo by Nareeta Martin on Unsplash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*XQ0afQWi0kOS4ywU)
Photo by Nareeta Martin on Unsplash
Three colored bins with labels: green compost bin on left, red waste bin in middle, yellow recycle bin on right Photo by Nareeta Martin on Unsplash Despite all these concerns over the use of recycling to lower the amount of waste heading to a landfill or ocean, recycling is a more environmentally-friendly option than doing nothing at all. Despite the cost and resource burden, recyclable materials used in production help lower the environmental impact of the production necessary to keep our current economy going. New materials made with resources that are mined or extracted, which damages habitats, are incredibly damaging to the ecosystem. Greenhouse gas emissions are also lowered through recycling, as production companies can forgo the first step of production by acquiring recycled materials rather than looking for new materials. Disregarding the environmental benefit, recycling still has a positive impact on the world as facilities create jobs for the community and people. This is furthered by the awareness aspect of recycling. Many people are so far removed from the realities of waste when they throw something out that they forget about their environmental impact. Simply seeing a recycling can reminds people to be environmentally conscious and to promote environmental consciousness to others. Companies are also more encouraged to make environmentally friendly products when people are aware of their environmental impact.
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# Recap Recycling can be considered one of the only methods to reduce waste from ending up in a landfill, ocean, or incinerator. Waste that is disposed of without recycling causes environmental harm, as air pollution occurs from contaminants, water pollution occurs from trash disturbing the underwater ecosystem, and land pollution occurs from chemicals leaching into the ground and harming nearby plants and animals. Reusing materials is possible, with products such as hair for oil spills and plastic bags for homeless sleeping mats. However, many materials can’t be reused due to contamination or lack of structural integrity. Reducing individual waste also won’t necessarily stop the total amount of waste heading towards environmentally-damaging disposal due to the sheer amount of people in the world. Recycling is one of the only methods to significantly reduce the amount of waste if done to its fullest potential. However, recycling raises many concerns for its high burden of cost, energy/water usage, etc. Recyclable materials also are not of the same quality as new materials that are cheaper, so companies often wish to forgo the environmentally-friendly route. Despite all this, recycling is better than letting all waste be disposed of and harm the environment. New materials that are extracted in harmful ways can be forgone and greenhouse gasses can be reduced through recycling. Recycling also creates jobs and promotes awareness of the environmental burden of waste. Overall, recycling is a practice people should partake in more. Development of new recycling methods to increase efficiency can prevent even more waste from going to the landfill. # References 1.[ SmartAsset](https://smartasset.com/insights/the-pros-and-cons-of-recycling) 2.[ Boise State University](https://www.boisestate.edu/cobe/blog/2023/07/recycling-is-it-as-good-as-we-think/) 3. [Recycle Technologies](https://www.recycletechnologies.com/recycling-benefits-and-challenges/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20primary%20disadvantages,organisations%20from%20establishing%20recycling%20programs.) 4. [DevelopmentalAid](https://www.developmentaid.org/news-stream/post/158158/world-waste-statistics-by-country) 5.[ SL Recycling](https://www.slrecyclingltd.co.uk/what-plastics-can-and-cannot-be-recycled/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20non%2Drecyclable%20plastics,cling%20film%20and%20blister%20packaging.)]]> Film Production Waste https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/film-production-waste https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/film-production-waste Mon, 02 Sep 2024 02:10:24 GMT Movies have been around since the 1890s and are great sources of entertainment for all ages. They are also an amazing way to spread awareness of issues happening around the world as well, as they garner a large audience. However, the movie industry needs to limit its environmental impact. Photo by Avel Chuklanov on Unsplash Movies have been around since the 1890s and are great sources of entertainment for all ages. They occupy time, helping to provide amusement and pleasure for any mood or occasion. There are many genres of movies and the options are limitless. To make movies more convenient, they can be streamed from the comfort of your own home, or you can watch a new film in a traditional movie theater. Movies can even bring awareness to major issues happening in the world by reaching a wide array of audiences. They can be created to inform and inspire change within a large audience. Movies are much bigger than just entertainment. With the end of the writers’ and actors’ strike, filming has resumed to a normal level. Due to the mass production of so many new movies, the environment has been negatively impacted for decades by abandoned sets, the ignorant use of materials, and high carbon footprints. Fan favorite movies including Gone With the Wind, The Beach, Titanic, Singin’ in the Rain, and Avatar are infamous for carrying a large carbon footprint. Film productions introduce additional waste into our atmosphere, and the harmful effects are leaving detrimental impacts on our planet.
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# Harms of Film Production ![A film production set of a western movie, with old fashioned buildings in the background and crew members with cameras in front](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*nW-VbQzmQrd-nNBs)
Photo by Chris Murray on Unsplash
Fossil fuels are the main energy source used on film production sets to make movies possible. In addition, movies use fossil fuels for transportation, action shots, or light sources in their productions. Fossil fuels are the biggest contributor to climate change, and these films only add to the pre-existing problem. With the creation of more and more movies, the problem will keep getting worse. Different scales of movie production vary in the amount of CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere. These numbers range on average between 431 and 3,715 tons. To put these alarming statistics into perspective, that is the equivalent of powering 656 homes for one year. These numbers are just for a single film alone. Over 500,000 movies have been created. To add to the environmental harms in the film industry, the materials used on the sets of these films, including nails and cardboard, usually end up in landfills once production is over. Landfills are not environmentally friendly or sustainable, as these sites are responsible for the contamination of soil and groundwater, which can pollute and wither plants. According to NPR, “The average TV show or movie creates about 240 tons of waste.” # Movie Theater Waste ![alt text](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*xdU172TfOXIuWSfd)
Photo by Marius GIRE on Unsplash
Not only does the process of movie-making lead to detrimental environmental waste, but movie theaters also contribute to climate change. Most people who go to the movies typically buy candy, a container of popcorn, and a cup of soda to wash down the saltiness. Each container of popcorn, single-use plastic cup, and candy wrapper bought at a movie theater generates a large amount of waste. These items bought by customers end up in landfills and ultimately add to environmental pollution. In addition, millions of pounds of popcorn is wasted at movie theaters every year. This adds to the problem of food waste that already exists. # A More Environmentally Friendly Industry ![A dimly lit film set with a cameraman and an actor](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*IBY_OdqgvwmVMQjR)
Photo by Jakob Owens on Unsplash
All of these negative impacts eventually add up to create a huge problem. Luckily, the film industry is becoming more environmentally friendly. For example, Hollywood is working to stop abandoning sets and props. They are trying to recycle and reuse old sets for new films, limiting the number of sets ending up in landfills. Also, if a film becomes very popular, movie industries may keep the sets as tourist attractions. Some of these movie studios include Universal, Paramount, and Warner Bros. The movie industry can also implement virtual production techniques, which create realistic backgrounds without the need for physical travel to the location. This will cut down on the amount of fossil fuels for transportation.
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# Recap Movies have been around since the 1890s and are great sources of entertainment for all ages, as there are countless genres perfect for any occasion. While many people enjoy going to a traditional movie theater, you can always watch a movie from the comfort of your own couch. Movies are a great way to spread awareness of issues happening around the world as well, as they garner a large audience. However, the movie industry needs to limit its environmental impact. Fossil fuels power many movies and make them possible, but fossil fuels are also a leading cause of climate change. In addition, many movie production companies often throw away parts of old sets into landfills, which leads to pollution that negatively impacts organisms. In movie theaters, food waste is frequent, as tons of popcorn is wasted each year. Adding to the problem, popcorn containers, soda cups, and candy wrappers also all end up in landfills. Because of this environmental waste, the movie industry is trying to cut down on the amount of waste in landfills. They have adapted recycling and reusing in an attempt to be more eco-friendly. # References 1. [Columbia University Press Blog](https://cupblog.org/2019/04/19/5-classic-films-that-charmed-the-industry-and-devastated-the-environment/) 2. [TIME](https://time.com/6767943/sustainable-film-and-tv-production/) 3. [Waste Cost Solutions](https://www.wastecostsolutions.com/movie-theaters#:~:text=However%2C%20movie%20theaters%20generate%20a,of%20popcorn%20are%20thrown%20away)]]> Louisiana Addresses Coastal Crisis with a $3 Billion Construction Project https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/louisiana-addresses-coastal-crisis-with-a-3-billion-construction-project https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/louisiana-addresses-coastal-crisis-with-a-3-billion-construction-project Wed, 21 Aug 2024 05:40:16 GMT Although humans may have caused the loss of over a thousand square miles of land in Louisiana’s coast, they also have the innovation and resources to restore it. After gaining billions of dollars from filing a complaint in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill along the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, the CPRA is now funding a Coastal Master Plan that involves numerous projects aimed at restoring Louisiana’s Coast. One of these projects, the Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion, will divert sediment-rich water from the Mississippi River back into basins in Louisiana that have been blocked off by man-made levees. This will allow sediment to build up and will slowly restore coastal habitats in the area. Photo by Brian Sumner on Unsplash The state of Louisiana has lost thousands of acres of its coastal lands in the past century due to humans intervening in crucial natural processes. However, a $3 billion one-of-a-kind project has found a way to mimic those natural processes and potentially restore Louisiana’s coastal habitats.
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# Louisiana’s Coastal Crisis ![Boat traveling across a canal](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*PtWQDIHYXS39GbtD)
Photo by Justin Wilkens on Unsplash
Over the past two centuries, the United States there has seen a loss of over half of all its original wetland habitats. From 1932 to 2016, coastal Louisiana has lost over two-thousand square miles of land. While Louisiana’s wetlands represent about forty percent of the United States wetlands, over eighty percent of wetland loss in the country can be attributed to them. Another three-thousand square miles of Louisiana’s coast could be lost over the next 50 years if there is no intervention to address current levels of sediment loss. There are several factors contributing to what is known as the “land loss crisis” in Louisiana. Natural evolutionary processes can account for some land loss seen, but human activities undeniably play a larger part in the receding coastline. Things like dredging wetlands for canals or draining and filling for the purposes of agriculture, grazing, and development, are responsible for much of the marsh habitat destruction. The levee system in Louisiana, which has altered the flow of the Mississippi River, is considered to be the greatest contributor to land loss in the state. Multiple levees across Louisiana have cut off the water supply from the Mississippi into basins like the Barataria and Breton Sound. While the levees serve the purpose of protecting coastal communities from flooding, they also restrict the deposition of sediment and nutrients into these basins. The loss of this natural process has led to an inability to sustain healthy wetlands and ultimately has increased the rates of Louisiana’s coastal plain land loss. Coastal communities are becoming more vulnerable to flooding due to the fact that the barrier islands, marshes, and swamps that reduce incoming storm surges are receding. Flood protection systems in place throughout Louisiana may also be at risk due to the land around them eroding. It has been estimated that the damage from flooding will increase from an average of $15.2 billion annually to a staggering $24.3 billion annually if nothing is done to address sediment erosion. # The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill ![Oil spill in the ocean](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*N8LV76DhmQas87QN.jpg)
Photo by Coast Guard Lt. Cmdr. Paul Rooney on Picryl
On April 20, 2010, Deepwater Horizon, an oil drilling rig operating in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded, killing eleven workers. This would become the largest oil spill in history, as over 4 million barrels of oil flowed into the ocean over an 87-day period before being contained on July 15, 2010. In December 2010, eight months after the spill, the United States filed a complaint against BP Exploration & Production in an attempt to hold someone responsible for the tragedy. As a result, a $5.5 billion Clean Water Act penalty was paid by BP Exploration & Production. Another $8.8 billion fine in natural resource damages was imposed on the company. Over $7.29 billion in settlement money was awarded to the State of Louisiana for coastal projects that are planned to be underway through 2031. Following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) was established and has since utilized the settlement money to launch numerous projects to combat the erosion of Louisiana’s coast. Currently, twelve projects are under or nearing construction and another twenty-six are in the design phase. CPRA aims to “create or benefit more than 150,000 acres of coastal wetlands using Deepwater Horizon settlement funds”. These funds have given an opportunity for Louisiana to create the largest scale coastal protection plan in the entire nation. The “Coastal Master Plan” is described as an “innovative, aggressive approach” to coastal land loss in Louisiana and will require over $50 billion to complete. # The Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion ![Aerial view of wetlands](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*jctZvqsfVy0R_tvX.jpg)
Photo by Jacopo Werther on Wikimedia Commons
The Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion, an initiative of the Coastal Master Plan, is a first-of-its-kind coastal restoration project in Louisiana. It is taking $3 billion in settlement money to “reconnect the Mississippi River”. Louisiana representative Garrett Graves spoke about the project in a news release, saying, “The Mississippi River built Louisiana –- and finally reconnecting it with coastal areas that are currently starved of freshwater and sediment will ensure our future”. Once the project is completed, it will become one of the largest environmental infrastructure projects in the entirety of United States history. The project will establish sediment diversions, which are controlled structures that mimic natural land building processes. Large gates will be incorporated into an area of a levee sitting southeast of New Orleans in order to divert sediment-rich water from the Mississippi River into a channel that travels to Louisiana’s Barataria basin. It is hoped that the sediment will gradually build up and restore land to part of Louisiana’s coast. The chair of CPRA, Bren Haase, estimates the project will build twenty to forty square miles of land over the next thirty to fifty years. However, issues such as subsidence (the inking of land) and sea levels rising are predicted to minimize the potential of the project and could even cause a net loss of land over time. Despite this daunting information, the project has been seen as a factor in increasing the importance of building up Louisiana’s coast. According to the CPRA, “After 50 years of operation, under the higher sea level rise assumptions used in the environmental review process, about 20% of the wetlands remaining in Barataria Basin will only be there because of the Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion”. # The Project’s Potential ![Excavator digging in the ground](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*U4QH8vJdv-4nQrU_)
Photo by Luke Besley on Unsplash
The project has the capability to rebuild thousands of acres of land that will provide increased storm surge protection, something threatened by the current land loss. The project will also ensure habitats to sustain a productive estuary system for a large variety of seafood, fish, wildlife, and other aquatic life. Above all the project could bring billions in economic benefit to Louisiana parishes that surround the project area. While the sediment diversions are being built, it is expected that an average of 3,095 jobs will be created across five parishes in Louisiana. These will primarily be construction-related jobs that will have significantly higher wages than local companies offer. A recent study estimated that the construction will lead to $308.2 million in total wage earnings in Plaquemines parish, where the project is being built. # Local Concerns ![Many oysters together](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*96WyyoQSPtbJ4j3n)
Photo by Ben Stern on Unsplash
The restoration project has faced some backlash from locals in the Plaquemines parish. A stop-work order was placed on the site earlier in the year due to legal disputes from commercial fishers, oyster harvesters, and state and local officials. The introduction of the Mississippi’s freshwater into the brackish and saltwater areas may pose a threat to some wildlife, potentially killing bottlenose dolphins in the area and impacting fish and sea turtles in various ways. Above all, the freshwater threatens the seafood that the local economy relies on– shrimp and oysters. The parish is responsible for the majority, about 70%, of all commercial landings for oysters, crabs, finfish, and shrimp in the state. The oyster industry alone in Louisiana earns $317 million annually and supplies almost 4,000 direct jobs. In response to these concerns, coastal officials created a plan that involved dedicating $10 million to supporting numerous projects to aid fishers and oyster harvesters who will be impacted as a result of the project. Overall, a total of $378 million has been allocated by the project to mitigate impacts on communities, including elevating docks and homes and offering buyouts for residents seeking to relocate. $54 million within this budget will also be used for building new oyster beds and expanding old beds. Due to the efforts made by project managers to address local concerns, on June 13, local officials reached an agreement that partially lifted the stop-work order put in place. The construction site has since resumed preparation for the sediment diversions.
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# Recap Although humans may have caused the loss of over a thousand square miles of land in Louisiana’s coast, they also have the innovation and resources to restore it. After gaining billions of dollars from filing a complaint in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill along the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, the CPRA is now funding a Coastal Master Plan that involves numerous projects aimed at restoring Louisiana’s Coast. One of these projects, the Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion, will divert sediment-rich water from the Mississippi River back into basins in Louisiana that have been blocked off by man-made levees. This will allow sediment to build up and will slowly restore coastal habitats in the area. While there are many benefits to the project, local concerns about the fishing industry caused a halt in the project’s continuation. Managers of the project then allocated millions to ensure that these concerns were addressed. Now the project has resumed, but the delay has set back the original timeline. # References 1. [EPA](https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill) 2. [CPRA- Deep Horizon 10 Year Anniversary](https://coastal.la.gov/dwh10/#:~:text=As%20a%20result%20of%20the,be%20awarded%20for%20economic%20damages.) 3. [Mid-Basin Sediment Diversion Program](https://midbasin.coastal.la.gov/) 4. [CPRA- A Changing Landscape](https://coastal.la.gov/whats-at-stake/a-changing-landscape/) 5. [USGS](https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/la-wetlands/) 6. [LSU](https://www.lsu.edu/cce/mediacenter/news/2022/01/wetlands.php) 7. [CPRA- Our Plan](https://coastal.la.gov/our-plan/) 8. [Mid-Basin- Mid Barataria](https://midbasin.coastal.la.gov/mid-barataria) 9. [APNews- A billion-dollar coastal project begins in Louisiana. Will it work as sea levels rise?](https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-coastal-restoration-mississippi-river-diversion-03a7d3458e870858fb0e961482bcedfe) 10. [APNews- Progress announced in talks to resume stalled $3 billion coastal restoration project](https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-coastal-restoration-midbarataria-diversion-d00cb6567a8b299a73f214073885c0e6) 11. [Insurance Journal](https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/southcentral/2024/07/26/785553.htm)]]> The Impacts of Tourism on Hawaii https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-impacts-of-tourism-on-hawaii https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-impacts-of-tourism-on-hawaii Wed, 21 Aug 2024 05:16:21 GMT Hawaii is an extremely popular travel destination, but the locals have a complicated relationship with tourism. For one thing, the Hawaiian economy is heavily dependent on tourism, and a decrease in tourism can hurt many businesses. However, tourism is also a problem, as it inflates housing prices and causes culturally significant sites to be turned into tourist spots. Tourism also causes environmental problems, as it hurts the land and the wildlife, including Hawaiian monk seals, Hawaiian yellow-faced bees, Hawaiian green sea turtles, and coral reefs. Photo by Luke McKeown on Unsplash Going to Hawaii is on the summer bucket list of many people, and it’s easy to see why. The beautiful islands contain picturesque scenery, unique flora and fauna, amazing poke, and a rich culture. However, many people forget that Hawaii is not just a tropical Disneyland made for people to saunter around for vacation, which they can treat however they want; there are actual communities of people residing there. Of course, not every tourist visiting the Hawaiian islands will be disrespectful, but with so many people coming to Hawaii every year, some will inevitably disregard etiquette, resulting in unhappy locals, ruined ecosystems, and endangered animals.
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# Hawaii and Tourism ![Vehicle with surf boards on top](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Gxz1P5-1014NYfUQ)
Photo by Cody McLain on Unsplash
I asked my cousin, Tia Lewis, a native who was born and raised in Hawaii, if the influx of tourists during summertime bothers the locals. She confirmed that it does, but, unfortunately, the Hawaiian economy heavily relies on tourism. After the Maui wildfires, tourism in Hawaii declined drastically. This caused a lot of people to lose their jobs, and many businesses suffered significant financial losses. Big businesses and hotel owners aren’t the only ones negatively affected by the decline of tourists; many small business and shop owners rely on and prepare for the flood of tourists during the summer months. For example, Karli Rose Wilson, owner of To Be Organics, is a Hawaiian small business owner whose profits declined 25% this past year. The decline has also affected locals who work in restaurants or hotels, as many are working fewer hours or being laid off. Lewis, who works at a restaurant in a hotel, experienced this firsthand, as she worked significantly fewer shifts this summer due to the lack of tourists. Although tourism can be financially beneficial for the locals of Hawaii, there’s a reason the summer season is so dreaded by many of the residents. # Effects on Locals ![Small houses located close together](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*PS_r_tSFqYEBW9A6)
Photo by Dustin Belt on Unsplash
If you’re considering buying property in Hawaii, whether it’s to rent out or to build a place for you and your family to stay, it might be better to find another location. Housing prices in Hawaii have skyrocketed, with a small, one-floor house costing around $1 million. Many people try to buy and resell houses at inflated prices, making it harder for a lot of locals to find homes. For instance, Lewis reported a $4 million house being resold for $15 million. The Maui wildfires displaced thousands of families, and the rising house prices are making it even more difficult for them to find a new home. As a result, only 50% of native Hawaiians now live in Hawaii. In addition, all of the land being bought and turned into hotels and shopping malls has forced the Hawaiians to suppress their traditional lifestyles and culture. In fact, many resorts and developments have been built on culturally significant sites, such as burial sites or temples. A prominent example is the Keoneloa development site, where 22 acres of traditional burial grounds were reduced to just one acre of property. Many sacred parts of Hawaii have now been turned into viral tourist attractions, like the Haleakalā National Park. Beautiful landmarks tend to attract tourists; it is inevitable. However, many tourists overlook the significance of these landmarks and don’t treat the land with the respect that they should. “So many people are going, and it’s slowly sickening the land,” Lewis states. “Sometimes people just play around on top of the mauna (a shield volcano surrounding Maui) when it’s supposed to be a sacred place.” # Environmental Impacts ![Two seals, one large and one small, lying on the beach next to seaweed](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*2AkjRzA5Wo9mt9Z0)
Photo by Richard Lin on Unsplash
**The Land** With so many people flooding the beaches, many forget to pick up their own trash, ignoring the “Don’t Litter” signs put up by the frustrated locals. The āina (land) is incredibly important to Hawaiian culture and tradition, but since their land is being ripped up to create tourist spots, they have less space to practice their traditions. Growing crops and living sustainably are and have always been large parts of Hawaiian culture, but these farmlands are now being built over to accommodate tourists. **The Wildlife** Even though the unique wildlife and vibrant landscapes are some of the many things that make Hawaii beautiful, 60% of the plant and animal species in Hawaii are endangered due to the deforestation and habitat loss that come from building tourist spots. Hawaiian monk seals used to be a common sighting while snorkeling, one of the popular tourist activities in Hawaii, but the drastic decline in their numbers over the years has made them a rarity to find. There are currently only 1,600 monk seals left, one-third of their former population from six decades ago. They are now one of the most endangered species of seals on the planet. The Hawaiian yellow-faced bee is also listed as critically endangered, as well as the Hawaiian green sea turtle. To protect them, there are even laws preventing people from touching these animals. If you touch a Hawaiian green sea turtle or monk seal, you could be fined $100,000 and even sent to jail. Still, this doesn’t completely stop people from touching, and even harming, these animals. Since 2009, 14 monk seals have been deliberately killed, 3 of those in 2021, by being shot or bludgeoned to death. Unfortunately, deliberate killings of monk seals have become one of the top three factors in the decline of their population, along with loss of habitat and entanglement in debris. Coral reefs are likely one of the greatest victims of tourism. While most tourists tend to stay close to the shores or on the beaches, a large number of them take a boat out to go snorkeling and scuba diving, and, in turn, have direct or indirect contact with the coral reefs. A team of scientists at Princeton University studied the effects of tourism on coral reefs and found that reefs farther from the shores — and the hoards of people — have healthier corals. Divers, either accidentally or purposely, break or shatter corals by sitting, standing, kicking, or breaking them to take home as souvenirs. In addition, the influx of people in resorts and hotels creates an increase in pollution and litter that drifts out into the oceans and indirectly hurts the corals. The chemicals in sunscreens also negatively affect the corals, and with so many people trying to stay protected from the harsh Hawaiian UV rays, more and more chemicals are being washed out to sea. Luckily, many snorkeling boats now provide reef-safe sunscreen for people to use. The health and safety of the coral reefs are crucial to Hawaii. Not only do they bring in profits from tourists, but they also protect the islands from intense storm waves and protect the vast marine biodiversity found in Hawaiian oceans. # How to Help ![A person standing on top of a grassy mountain looking over the coastline](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*GyfOwds2P7xJdODL)
Photo by Peter Vanosdall on Unsplash
So, does that mean you shouldn’t travel to Hawaii? Not necessarily. You just need to remember that Hawaii is not just a cluster of islands for tourists to prance and play on, and that real people and animals are living on these lands. It’s not a tedious thing to be respectful and mindful when traveling to a new place. “We just want everyone to be respectful and smart. It’s almost like tourists forget how to use their brains sometimes when they come here. They act super ignorant and rude to us. It’s just sad,” Tia Lewis said, when asked about her views on tourists. “People live here, it’s not a vacation for us. So, try to learn about the culture.”
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# Recap Hawaii is an extremely popular travel destination, but the locals have a complicated relationship with tourism. For one thing, the Hawaiian economy is heavily dependent on tourism, and a decrease in tourism can hurt many businesses. However, tourism is also a problem, as it inflates housing prices and causes culturally significant sites to be turned into tourist spots. Tourism also causes environmental problems, as it hurts the land and the wildlife, including Hawaiian monk seals, Hawaiian yellow-faced bees, Hawaiian green sea turtles, and coral reefs. To solve this problem, tourists visiting Hawaii should educate themselves on Hawaiian culture and try to minimize their impacts on the environment and land. # References 1. [Marine Mammal Commission](https://www.mmc.gov/priority-topics/species-of-concern/hawaiian-monk-seal/threats-to-hawaiian-monk-seals/) 2. [Arizona State University News](https://news.asu.edu/20230109-new-study-reveals-tourists-love-hawaiian-coral-reefs-just-little-too-much) 3. [UC Berkeley — Berkeley Political Review](https://bpr.studentorg.berkeley.edu/2023/10/25/after-the-fire-rethinking-tourism-impacts-on-hawaii/) 4. [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/grrlscientist/2023/01/16/tourists-are-loving-hawaiis-coral-reefs-to-death/) 5. [Axios](https://www.axios.com/2023/04/05/hawaii-tourism-fee-environmental-damage) 6. [University of Prince Edward Island](https://pressbooks.library.upei.ca/artsreview-xi/chapter/trouble-in-paradise/) 7. [Business Insider](https://www.businessinsider.com/hawaiian-local-thoughts-feelings-about-tourism-2023-11) 8. [Honolulu Civil Beat](https://www.civilbeat.org/2024/08/tourism-is-still-way-down-on-maui-and-thats-causing-a-lot-of-problems/) 9. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/hawaiian-monk-seal#:~:text=Only%20about%201%2C570%20Hawaiian%20monk,one%2Dthird%20of%20historic%20levels) ]]> Sustainable School Supplies https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sustainable-school-supplies https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sustainable-school-supplies Wed, 21 Aug 2024 04:47:12 GMT Overall, while the back-to-school season is a stressful time for most, it’s also stressful for the environment. Consumers tend to purchase more school supplies than are necessary and end up discarding items that they never needed in the first place. This trend has contributed to excessive landfill waste over the past decade and will only continue to worsen the condition of our environment if nothing is done to mitigate the issue. Photo by Mike Petrucci on Unsplash You wake up in a nervous sweat, heart pounding, the sound of your alarm going off. Don’t worry, it’s just the start of another amazing school year! August is under way and September is swiftly approaching, and, with that, millions of people around the globe are getting ready to go back to school. One look online and you’ll find the world web in a frenzy over preparation for the new school year from shopping videos, and pictures of trendy outfits, to ads convincingly luring many into buying back-to-school “essentials.” Unfortunately, considering many students are able to purchase back-to-school materials online, more often than not people fail to take eco-friendliness into consideration when making their purchases. Luckily, in this blog, you will learn about why the overconsumption of school supplies is a significant problem and something you should keep in mind while shopping for the upcoming school season.
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# The Supply Rush ![School supplies in tins](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*liVGj2H2lcEhu1mMACOw8w@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Laura Rivera on Unsplash
To understand why overconsumption of school supplies is a relevant issue, one must understand how a lot of these supplies end up in landfills. Every summer before the school year starts, students are tasked with gearing up for the school year by stocking up on supplies. Common school supplies include backpacks, lunch bags, pencils, pens, markers, folders, and notebooks, with some classes like art requiring additional supplies. According to Greenbinz, 77% of school supplies are not put to use, with most people spending an average of $85 dollars on school supplies alone each year. With the variety of supplies that most shops offer, it is easy to be distracted by all the bright colors and designs of many of these products. Consumers often overspend and purchase items that they don’t truly need just because they look pretty and new. This results in unused products being chucked in the trash a few months into the school year. # The Issue with Overconsumption ![Landfill with many birds](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*rMEnEDvGvy206dPF-cekhw@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Joao Prates on Unsplash
**We only have one Earth**. Although getting rid of a few unused items may not seem like a big deal, all these materials add up quickly when millions of people dispose of this “trash” and it makes its way to landfills. Many school items such as folders, binders, and pencil sharpeners, are made of plastic and never truly decompose once discarded in landfills. For example, many choose plastic folders for organizing papers as they are more heavy-duty than paper ones. However, this also means they take longer to decompose in landfills. Plastic folders mainly consist of PVC which, according to Business Waste Management and Collection, takes approximately 450 years to decompose. To make matters worse, the production of PVC includes chlorine, an element that is a major contributor to the thinning of the ozone layer. # Online Marketing ![Person typing on a computer](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*PFLQ3rfN3zsUs7tgNurLTw@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Christin Hume on Unsplash
Part of the problem when it comes to the overconsumption of school supplies is internet marketing. Over the past decade, the use of the internet for marketing has skyrocketed. Consumers are creating promotional videos of themselves wearing their new backpacks or breaking in their new pens and posting them on social media. These videos often entice students to buy those same school supplies, contributing to an endless cycle of overconsumption. In addition to consumers marketing their freshly-purchased supplies, the companies that produce these supplies also partake in their fair share of marketing. Most suppliers will invest a large sum of money in creating ads and ensuring they reach the right audience (students, that is). Many consumers can’t resist the allure of an ad with a crisp new notebook front and center. While the internet likely will continue to expel an increased amount of ads for unnecessary items, there are a few ways to prevent yourself from caving in! # Combatting Overconsumption ![Forest with the moon shining](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*-YKaxTxcOgXh6c3xgXWpSA@2x.jpeg)
Photo by Luke Miller on Unsplash
Although buying supplies for school is inevitable, it is important to shop in moderation and consider what items are truly needed. A good way to keep unnecessary supplies from being thrown away after collecting dust for months is to enter shops with intention. This means taking the time to make a list of all the items that you need and sticking to that list in order to prevent impulse purchases. Another way to help preserve the environment is to reuse school supplies from previous years. Even though many people today tend to obsess over purchasing new school supplies at the start of each year, it doesn’t mean that what you already have isn’t valuable or in good condition. In addition, gently used items in good condition can always be passed down to others such as younger siblings and neighbors, or donated to schools that can pass them along to students from low-income families. A more involved way to protect our planet during the upcoming school year is to be more conscious about the companies that make the supplies as well as the materials they are made of. There are various companies that give back to the environment and work to reduce their carbon footprint including EarthHero, Better World Books, Crayola, and Stasher Bags. By educating yourself about who makes the products you buy, you are making an effort to reduce the harmful impacts of overconsumption.
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# Recap Overall, while the back-to-school season is a stressful time for most, it’s also stressful for the environment. Consumers tend to purchase more school supplies than are necessary and end up discarding items that they never needed in the first place. This trend has contributed to excessive landfill waste over the past decade and will only continue to worsen the condition of our environment if nothing is done to mitigate the issue. This fall, try donating old school supplies to a friend or buying school supplies from a company that uses recycled plastics to make their products. Remember, even the little changes do make a difference. # References 1. [The Pel Mel](https://thepelmelpmhs.com/8586/opinion/the-importance-of-reusing-school-supplies/) 2. [GreenBinz](https://greenbinz.org/the-problem-2/#:~:text=77%25%20of%20school%20supplies%20are%20wasted.&text=35%25%20%E2%80%93%2045%25%20of%20the,it%20stays%20for%20many%20years.) 3. [Dakota Valley Recycling](https://dakotavalleyrecyclingmn.gov/recycling-news/322-recycling-old-school-supplies) 4. [Burlington Green](https://www.burlingtongreen.org/news/back-to-school-eco-tips/) 5. [Green Matters](https://www.greenmatters.com/p/why-is-pvc-bad-environment) 6. [Business Waste Management and Collection](https://www.businesswaste.co.uk/your-waste/plastic-recycling/pvc-recycling/#:~:text=Why%20is%20recycling-,PVC%20important%3F,ground%2C%20water%2C%20and%20air.)]]> The Truth About the Bee Movie https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-truth-about-the-bee-movie https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-truth-about-the-bee-movie Sat, 10 Aug 2024 03:43:01 GMT The Bee Movie contributed to the popularity of the “Save the Bees” movement, but was somewhat inaccurate in its portrayal of the real environmental issue. The release of this movie has led to common misconceptions about the nature of beekeeping and the types of bees that exist. In reality, beekeeping is beneficial to honeybees, if done correctly and responsibly. Photo by Tom Francis on Flickr The “Save the Bees” movement has grown in popularity over the past few years, especially following the release of the Bee Movie in 2007, which spread awareness about the importance of bees in our environment. However, that movie has led the public to believe some common misconceptions about bees, specifically about honeybees.
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# Common Misconceptions ![Wasps reentering the hive.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*1HpR7jcv_BYE7cog)
Photo by Boba Jaglicic on Unsplash
### “Beekeeping is Detrimental to Bees” For one, it portrays beekeeping as some form of bee slavery, where the beekeepers hold honeybees hostage to steal their only food source while giving them nothing in return. This is not entirely true. Beekeeping actually benefits honeybees, and the bees know this. It provides them with a safe hive and protection that they would not receive in the wild. The notion that beekeepers rob honeybees dry is untrue, since most honeybees typically make 2–3 times more honey than they need, so as long as the beekeepers leave enough for the honeybees to eat, the bees won’t get upset and leave. Honeybees follow their queen bee, and if the queen bee doesn’t like the conditions of their hive, then she leaves, and the rest of the colony follows. The Bee Movie also portrayed “pollen jocks,” the bees that travel outside the hive, as male. In reality, the so-called “pollen jocks” are female, while the males stay inside the hive to tend to the queen and her pupa. Honeybees operate in a matriarchy, with the queen bee as their leader and the females as worker bees who gather pollen to make honey. Male bees, or drones, will even be kicked out of the hive during wintertime if there’s a food shortage, or if the hive gets too crowded. *Girl power!* ### “Bees are Endangered” Another common misconception about bees is that they are endangered, and if they become extinct, then our ecosystem will collapse and we will all die. Well, this isn’t technically a misconception, since it is partially true. However, when most people think of bees, they only consider honeybees, even though there are nearly 4,000 native bee species in America, many of which are actually endangered. While honeybees were once at risk of being endangered in the past, they are far from endangered now. In fact, there are more honeybees on planet Earth today than ever before, with about 1 million colonies and 4 million bees. While honeybees may not be endangered, many species of native bees are at risk of endangerment. Out of the 20,000 different bee species, 156 are labeled as vulnerable, 20 as endangered, and 11 as critically endangered. # Honeybees vs Native Bees ![A bee perched on a hot pink flower.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*xWQ4kuyZwEfc3-1b)
Photo by oktavianus mulyadi on Unsplash
Honeybees are not actually native to America. They were brought to America in the year 1620. However, it wasn’t until the 20th century that people started using honeybees as agricultural animals. Farmers use them to collect beeswax for candles, and for the honey we love and consume. They were not used because America needed pollinators. Native bees, as well as other pollinators such as butterflies, moths, ants, and even some beetles, have been pollinating America’s plants since before honeybees were even brought across the ocean. However, honeybees have ingrained themselves in our ecosystem, pollinating flowers and $15 million worth of our crops. They have been threatened in the past due to pesticides, parasites, and climate change in 2006, which led to a major loss of colonies, but it has never come to the point of endangerment. However, this decline had people panicking, and although parasites, the overuse of toxic pesticides, and habitat loss due to climate change were and still are major issues that affect native bees, the effort to “save the bees” was mainly focused on the European honeybees, even though there was an entire industry protecting these insects. Native, wild bees don’t have the protection of beekeepers and handcrafted, wooden boxes, leaving them incredibly vulnerable. Not only that, but the introduction of honeybees to the American ecosystem has actually been shown to be detrimental to native honeybees. # Other Bee Species ![A unique bee species pollinating a white and pink flower.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*ljKO17u28NcgriTxgP54Hw.jpeg)
Photo by Barbara Eckstein on Flickr
Most people have a very limited view of what bees are, picturing a yellow-and-black-striped fat insect similar to honeybees or bumblebees. However, the bee family actually has a wide variety of insects of different sizes and colors. Most of them don’t even eat honey! Bees in the Halictidae family drink mammal sweat, and instead of having yellow and black stripes, they have an iridescent body to mimic flies. Others nest in the ground, or live without queens and hives. Bees also vary in size, and can be as small as a gnat or plump and round like bumblebees. A lot of bee species don’t even have stingers, and if they do, they won’t die immediately after losing their stinger like honeybees do. However, similar to honeybees, they are all incredibly important pollinators. Honeybees pollinate a lot of plants and crops that we humans eat. Native bees also pollinate plants and crops, and they even pollinate crops such as tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers, which are crops that honeybees are unable to pollinate. These crops require a certain type of pollination called “buzz pollination,” which is when the pollinator shakes its body to allow pollen to fall off and land on the crop. So, no, honeybees aren’t nature’s golden pollinators, and they do not need our protection as much as other bees do. Bees like the Hawaiian yellow-faced bee and the rusty patched bumblebee are much more in need of our help, and may become critically endangered without it. # Endangerment of Native Bees ![Two bees carrying pollen to a white flower.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*zEVHQwOGHs_Wr-LQ)
Photo by David Clode on Unsplash
Native bees suffer from the same issues that honeybees suffer from — habitat loss, climate change, parasites — all of the things honeybee enthusiasts preach about. However, the biggest cause of the dwindling numbers of native bees is honeybees. As stated previously, honeybees were imported from Europe, so they are an invasive species. Usually, when an invasive species is introduced to a new ecosystem, it hurts native animals, which is precisely what happened with the native bees of America. Honeybees carry diseases that harm the native bees, and when the honeybees pollinate flowers that other native bees go to, those diseases are passed along. In addition, honeybees are very good at their jobs. This may sound like a good thing, but it poses a problem when they hoard pollen and nectar, leaving little for native bees. Honeybees are also good at collecting pollen, and a single colony is able to collect up to 22 pounds of pollen pellets, or pollen mixed with bits of nectar, over three summer months. It clumps up on their legs so well that not a lot of pollen can fall off to be given to other plants, so while they may be sub-par pollinators, their efficient methods of collecting pollen allow them to make a surplus of honey for beekeepers to harvest. However, this leaves less pollen for the native bees, so they have to travel farther from their homes to collect pollen to feed themselves and their offspring. This in turn leads to them having fewer offspring. It doesn’t help that a lot of native bees can only collect pollen from certain flowers, while honeybees have access to a wide variety of plants, allowing them to thrive while the native bees struggle to find food. # How YOU Can Help ![A close-up of a bee landing on the center of a bright purple flower.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*CfzUw_3PVZiiiJF2)
Photo by Amritanshu Sikdar on Unsplash
If honeybees are such an issue, wouldn’t getting rid of all of them solve this issue? Well, no. Ignoring the fact that getting rid of 2 million honeybee colonies and 4 million honeybees would be incredibly tedious, we would lose our supply of honey and wax, and the method would be ethically questionable, it would also be detrimental to our environment. Honeybees are now part of our ecosystem. If we were to exterminate them entirely, we would lose the world’s largest pollinators which would make it difficult for many flower and plant species to survive. Because honeybees have taken over native bee territories, leading the native bees' numbers to slowly decrease, the removal of honeybees would leave a gap in the ecosystem that couldn’t be filled by native bees. So if killing all the honeybees won’t save the native bees, then what will? Something beekeepers can do to keep honeybees under control is to have their bees forage in a contained environment instead of in the wild. Wild honeybees still exist, but many honeybees are under the care of beekeepers. Honeybees, while part of the reason that native bees are being threatened, aren’t the only reason. Battling climate change, stopping deforestation, and protesting to ban harmful pesticides will also help save the bees. The easiest and most fun way to help the bees is to plant flowers. Not only does this bring a pop of color to your outdoor area, but it will also attract bees and provide them with pollen. If you have a garden, then attracting some pollinators to your plants definitely wouldn’t hurt. Purchase a couple more flower pots this year to do your part in helping America’s native bee populations flourish and thrive once more!
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# Recap The Bee Movie contributed to the popularity of the “Save the Bees” movement, but was somewhat inaccurate in its portrayal of the real environmental issue. The release of this movie has led to common misconceptions about the nature of beekeeping and the types of bees that exist. In reality, beekeeping is beneficial to honeybees, if done correctly and responsibly. As for other types of bees, honeybees are not actually native to America and are not endangered. In fact, honeybees even endanger other bees, as they are an invasive species. Still, they have been part of American ecosystems for so long that hurting them would not be beneficial for the environment overall. Instead, battling climate change, habitat loss, and harmful pesticides can help both native bees and honeybees. ### References 1. [Fair Planet](https://www.fairplanet.org/story/the-risks-and-dangers-of-bee-extinction/) 2. [Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation](https://xerces.org/blog/want-to-save-bees-focus-on-habitat-not-honey-bees) 3. [Vox](https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/2023/1/19/23552518/honey-bees-native-bees-decline) 4. [Treehugger](https://www.treehugger.com/why-some-bees-endangered-and-what-we-can-do-5025654#:~:text=The%20International%20Union%20for%20Conservation,there%20are%20around%203%2C500%20species) 5. [Best Bees](https://bestbees.com/2024/05/07/sweat-bees-7-quick-facts-and-more/)]]> Rethinking Menstrual Products https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/rethinking-menstrual-products https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/rethinking-menstrual-products Tue, 06 Aug 2024 03:14:51 GMT Menstrual product conversations are too often ignored, to the point that regulations have not changed in decades. However, recent studies reveal significant safety concerns with menstrual products: tampons can contain toxic metals like lead and arsenic, while pads may have harmful chemicals such as PFAS. It is time to advocate for transparency and regulation in the industry in order to keep ourselves safe. Photo by Natracare on Unsplash Periods are a natural and essential aspect of life, yet they remain a rather uncomfortable and even taboo topic in many cultures. This discomfort often leads to a lack of open discussion about the products used during menstruation, and because of it, we have become blind to environmental and safety issues surround it. Recent investigations have brought to light the presence of heavy metals in tampons and the potential health hazards posed by pads. But these are not the only issues surrounding menstrual periods, as it is important to note the lack of environmental sustainability surrounding the whole feminine hygiene industry.
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# Safety Issues with Products ### Tampons ![Cotton growing from a cotton plant.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*_iF4L2-EkV8kVgu6)
Photo by Nature Lover on Unsplash
A recent study led by UC Berkeley researchers has revealed that tampons from several brands contain up to 16 toxic metals, including prominent levels of lead, arsenic, and cadmium. Despite tampons being so popular, researchers estimated 100 million women in over 120 countries use them, this study is the first to thoroughly investigate the presence of heavy metals in these products. The findings highlight a significant gap in our knowledge about the safety of a product used by millions of people every month. In trying to understand why metals are present in tampons, researchers suggested a few possible causes. One possibility is that since cotton fiber is highly absorbent, it could have absorbed metals from water, air, soil, or nearby contaminants. For example, a cotton field being in close proximity to a lead smelter could result in the unintentional addition of lead. Another possibility is that metals are intentionally added during the manufacturing process. Although the study couldn’t pinpoint the exact negative effects of these heavy metals, it’s clear that more research is needed to ensure everyone’s safety. ### Pads ![Pads scattered around.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*T9nQ6hsQBOcQwOE_)
Photo by Natracare on Unsplash
Pads, another commonly used menstrual product, are not entirely safe either. Many conventional pads contain layers of plastic, synthetic fibers, and chemical additives like fragrances and absorbency enhancers. These components can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and other discomforts. However, that’s not even the biggest issue. The plastic backing in pads is non-breathable, creating an ideal environment for bacteria. Once you use the pad, the possibility of infection arises. Studies have also found that menstrual pads contain chemicals like phthalates, VOCs, and PFAS, which are associated with developmental and reproductive harm. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has linked PFAS to decreased fertility, hormonal disruption, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Additionally, exposure to PFAS — perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances — has quite concerning effects on health, including delaying puberty in girls, lowering bone mineral density, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes, thyroid cancer, and liver damage. They have earned the name of “forever chemicals,” due to their long-lasting nature, and can lead to serious long-term issues like breast cancer, renal disease, and osteoporosis. # Environmental Impact ![A large cotton field.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*veSddicx2RU2gcJF)
Photo by Rebekah Haddock on Unsplash
The environmental impact of disposable period products is not spoken of nearly enough. Those of you who have seen pads and tampons have undoubtedly seen the various plastic components, including the applicators, wrappers, and the products themselves. These plastics are not different from other typical plastics, as they are both not biodegradable and contribute significantly to plastic pollution. An estimated 5,000 to 15,000 period products are used by an individual over their lifetime, and with each product taking hundreds of years to decompose, the combined environmental damage is something we should really be taking note of. The cultivation of cotton for pads and tampons contributes significantly to environmental issues. This is because the process typically involves using pesticides, and the production of cotton requires an immense amount of water. This can actually lead to soil degradation and water contamination, further harming our environment. Additionally, the production and disposal of these products involve substantial resource consumption, requiring even larger amounts of water, energy, and raw materials, which further deteriorate the environment. Disposable period products, along with their plastic packaging, frequently end up in landfills. Once there, they take centuries to break down, or worse, find their way into oceans, posing threats to marine life. Tampon applicators, in particular, are a common source of pollution. They are often found on beaches and other bodies of water, where they can be ingested by wildlife, causing harm and death. As awareness of these issues grows, there is an urgent need for more sustainable practices in both the production and disposal of menstrual products. Embracing eco-friendly alternatives and supporting innovations in sustainable menstrual products are crucial steps towards reducing our environmental impact. # Positive Progress ![Two people clasping hands together.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*8t4W0oMNBSkDLXbN)
Photo by Aarón Blanco Tejedor on Unsplash
In light of these concerns, there has actually been a movement towards sustainable and healthier alternatives to conventional period products. ### Menstrual Cups One of the most popular alternatives is the menstrual cup, a reusable device typically made from medical-grade silicone. Menstrual cups can be worn for up to 12 hours, depending on flow, and can last for several years with proper care. This longevity significantly reduces the amount of waste generated compared to disposable products. Additionally, menstrual cups are free from the harmful chemicals found in many traditional period products, making them a safer option for long-term use. ### Period Underwear ![A woman holding up boxes of period underwear.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*bhmz826xguTpNeKO)
Photo by Shreya Malhotra on Unsplash
Another sustainable option is period underwear, which is designed to absorb menstrual flow and can be washed and reused. These garments offer a comfortable and discreet alternative to pads and tampons, with varying levels of absorbency to suit different needs. Period underwear is particularly appealing for those looking for a low-maintenance, eco-friendly solution. However, before you just go and purchase period underwear, it's important to look further into it, as data shows that 65% of period underwear contains PFAS. ### Reusable Pads Reusable pads, made from natural materials like organic cotton, are also gaining popularity. These pads can be washed and reused multiple times, offering a chemical-free and biodegradable option that is gentle on the skin and the environment. Again, reusable pads do contain PFAS, only 48%, but it still is important to do proper research and look over everything carefully. ### Organic Options For those who prefer the familiarity of tampons and pads but want to avoid added harmful chemicals, organic options are available. Organic tampons are made from 100% organic cotton and are free from synthetic additives, pesticides, and dyes. They offer a much safer choice for the environment, as they are biodegradable. Similarly, organic cotton pads are also an eco-friendly alternative, being fully biodegradable and free from plastic components. Nonetheless, it is important to note that research has discovered larger quantities of arsenic present, due to fertilizers in cotton fields. # Looking Forward ![A healthy, green plant growing.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Ek2HBxvpkymDhSrH)
Photo by Nikita Kachanovsky on Unsplash
It has become evident that no menstrual product is 100% safe. Despite the critical role that menstrual products play in the lives of millions of people, innovation in this area has been slow. Tampons, for example, have been around for nearly a century, yet little has changed in their design and regulation. This stagnation is partly due to the stigma surrounding menstruation, which has led to a lack of investment and interest in improving menstrual products. As a result, many of the health and environmental issues associated with these products have persisted. However, the conversation around menstrual health and sustainability is slowly gaining momentum. Increasing awareness of the potential health risks and environmental impacts of conventional period products has spurred interest in safer, more sustainable alternatives. It is crucial for consumers to advocate for transparency and regulation in the menstrual product industry. Likewise, manufacturers and policymakers must prioritize the development and availability of products that are safe for users and environmentally friendly.
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# Recap Menstrual product conversations are too often ignored, to the point that regulations have not changed in decades. However, recent studies reveal significant safety concerns with menstrual products: tampons can contain toxic metals like lead and arsenic, while pads may have harmful chemicals such as PFAS. It is time to advocate for transparency and regulation in the industry in order to keep ourselves safe. The environmental impacts of these products are also severe, involving non-biodegradable plastics and resource-intensive production. As awareness grows, sustainable alternatives like menstrual cups and organic options are emerging, though more innovation and research are needed to address these issues fully. We need to continue shedding light on these issues in order to really foster change. ### References 1. [National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences](https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/pfc) 2. [Berkeley Public Health](https://publichealth.berkeley.edu/news-media/research-highlights/first-study-to-measure-toxic-metals-in-tampons-shows-arsenic-and-lead) 3. [Medical News Today](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/toxic-heavy-metals-lead-arsenic-tampons-what-to-know#Higher-lead-levels-in-non-organic-tampons) 4. [Time](https://time.com/6254060/pfas-period-chemicals-underwear-tampons/) 5. [Healthline](https://www.healthline.com/health-news/your-period-products-may-contain-dangerous-pfas-what-to-know)]]> Drought & Disaster https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/drought-disaster https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/drought-disaster Tue, 06 Aug 2024 03:07:37 GMT The intensifying effects of climate change are increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters, including droughts, hurricanes, and wildfires. Among these, droughts are often overlooked. Currently, Malawi faces a severe crisis, with about nine million people affected by El Niño-induced droughts and floods. This has led to significant crop failures, particularly in maize production, resulting in widespread hunger and food insecurity. Photo by Photoholgic on Unsplash As climate change continues to worsen, so too does the frequency and intensity of natural disasters. Events such as droughts, tornadoes, hurricanes, wildfires, and floods are becoming more severe, causing widespread devastation and displacement. Among these, droughts specifically stand out predominantly due to their long-lasting effects.
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# Understanding Droughts ![A dry, open plains.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*frAQp6yXjna3o9XO)
Photo by Juanita Swart on Unsplash
Droughts are periods of deficient rainfall that result in water shortages for various needs such as agriculture, drinking, and industrial purposes. Unlike sudden disasters like tornadoes or hurricanes, droughts develop slowly but can last for years, making them particularly harmful. Although many believe that droughts are miraculously fixed after some rain, this is far from the case. Many will continue to have devastating effects despite a sufficient amount of rainfall. The significance of droughts cannot be overstated. They directly threaten food security, lead to economic losses, trigger mass migrations, and cause conflicts over resources. Droughts also have major effects on the environment, reducing biodiversity, causing habitat loss, and increasing the risk of wildfires. For instance, in California, prolonged droughts have led to severe water shortages, impacting agriculture and leading to the imposition of water use restrictions on residents and businesses. California also suffers from disastrous wildfires each year that continue to worsen. # Causes of Droughts ![A forest with trees being cut down.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*vhZrVoZ-p3-DQr-p)
Photo by Collab Media on Unsplash
Droughts are primarily caused by natural climate changes, but human activities significantly increase their frequency and severity. Key factors include: ### Climate Change As mentioned previously, the worsening of climate change amplifies the impact natural events such as droughts have. Rising global temperatures increase evaporation rates, reduce precipitation in some regions, and alter weather patterns, making droughts more likely and severe. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has warned that climate change will intensify the frequency and severity of droughts in many parts of the world if nothing is done about it. The effects are already being noticed around the world, yet despite this, not enough is being done. ### Deforestation Deforestation significantly worsens drought conditions by disrupting the natural water cycle and reducing the land’s ability to retain moisture. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing and storing water through their roots and releasing it into the atmosphere via transpiration. However, the problem arises when deforestation occurs on a larger scale. Less water is absorbed into the soil and less moisture is released into the air, leading to decreased rainfall and drier conditions. Additionally, exposed soil becomes more prone to soil erosion, further reducing its capacity to hold water and weakening the land’s fertility. This disruption not only increases the frequency and severity of droughts but also decreases the resilience of ecosystems and agricultural systems to withstand prolonged dry periods. ### Poor Land Management Practices such as overgrazing, overusing water, monoculture farming (the practice of farmers planting one crop over and over), and improper irrigation techniques degrade soil and reduce its ability to retain moisture. This not only diminishes soil fertility but also increases runoff and erosion, further reducing the land’s capacity to absorb and store water. As a result, these poor land management practices continue to worsen drought conditions by creating an environment where water is less available and the soil is less resilient to prolonged dry periods. ### El Niño El Niño is a climatic phenomenon characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This disruption of normal weather patterns has drastic effects, including altering precipitation and temperature patterns globally. In regions like Africa, El Niño can lead to significant reductions in rainfall, worsening drought conditions. Historical records indicate that El Niño events have been associated with severe droughts in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world, highlighting the need for better predictive models and preparedness strategies. # Malawi ![A map with an arrow pointing to Malawi.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1372/format:webp/1*1M-FvTMZ5_OcLLMlwKR0vQ.png)
World Atlas
Malawi, a landlocked country in southeastern Africa, is no stranger to the challenges posed by droughts, as they are accustomed to seasonal ones. However, the current El Niño cycle has intensified these issues, plunging the nation into a severe crisis. The impacts on Malawi so far have been devastating, with about nine million people being affected by floods and droughts, leading to widespread hunger and displacement. ### Crop Shortages & Starvation ![Man witnessing crop devastation around him](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*ViMs_X6n9Lbtb3AmgJN9iQ.png)
AP News
Malawi’s economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, with maize being the staple crop. The El Niño-induced drought has severely affected this season’s maize harvest, resulting in a forecasted 45% decline compared to the five-year average. This shortfall has intensified food insecurity, with approximately 40% of the population facing acute hunger by the end of the year. Between June and September of 2024, about 4.2 million people, or 20% of Malawi’s population, are expected to experience high levels of acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or above). This includes 56,000 people in IPC Phase 4 (Emergency) and 4.1 million people in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis). These populations urgently require humanitarian assistance to bridge food consumption gaps, protect and restore livelihoods, and prevent high levels of acute malnutrition. The situation is even more dire considering that most of these people are unable to produce sufficient food on their own and rely heavily on market purchases to meet their needs. ### The Response In response to the crisis, the President of Malawi declared a national disaster on March 25th, 2024. The National Response Plan, launched in April, estimates the funding needs at 449 million US dollars. Furthermore, on July 23rd, the United Nations, in collaboration with the Government of Malawi, launched a 136.5 million dollar Flash Appeal to address the devastating impacts of the El Niño-induced drought. This appeal seeks to provide life-saving assistance to the 4.7 million most vulnerable people, prioritizing food aid, agricultural support, and logistics. Despite these efforts, the situation is anticipated to deteriorate further during the lean season from October 2024 to March 2025, with an estimated 5.7 million people expected to be in IPC Phase 3 or above. The international community’s response will be crucial in preventing a humanitarian catastrophe and ensuring that the affected populations receive the necessary support. ### Ways to Help ![A group of people working together.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*mRviysmgsHLva7yU)
Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash
There are several ways individuals and organizations can support those affected by the drought in Malawi: **Donate to Relief Efforts:** Contributions to organizations like the World Food Programme (WFP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and other humanitarian agencies can provide essential food, water, and medical supplies to those in need. Every donation, no matter how small, can make a significant difference in the lives of those affected. **Support Sustainable Agriculture:** Investing in projects that promote sustainable farming practices can help restore soil health, improve water retention, and increase crop resilience to areas prone to drought. Programs that teach farmers how to use drought-resistant crops and efficient irrigation techniques can have long-lasting positive impacts if done properly. **Raise Awareness:** Educating others about the crisis and the broader impacts of climate change can drive more significant action and support for affected communities. Starting small by doing events in your community can make incredible progress and make substantial difference. You do not have to feel pressured to solely focus on massive actions, or be scared of joining and working with others towards a safer future. **Advocate for Climate Action:** Lobbying for policies that address climate change, reduce carbon emissions, and promote renewable energy can help mitigate the long-term effects of global warming and reduce the frequency of climate-induced disasters. Supporting legislation that promotes reforestation, sustainable land management, and water conservation is also crucial. ### Environmental Awareness While immediate humanitarian aid is crucial, it is equally important to address the root causes of such crises. Our environmental impact, driven by activities like deforestation, overconsumption, and greenhouse gas emissions, is exacerbating climate change and increasing the likelihood of extreme weather events. Individual actions, such as reducing energy consumption, supporting sustainable products, and minimizing waste, can collectively make a significant difference.
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# Recap The intensifying effects of climate change are increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters, including droughts, hurricanes, and wildfires. Among these, droughts are often overlooked. They are caused by a combination of natural climatic variations and human activities such as deforestation, poor land management, and excessive water use. The El Niño phenomenon, which disrupts global weather patterns, has exacerbated drought conditions in many regions, including Malawi. Currently, Malawi faces a severe crisis, with about nine million people affected by El Niño-induced droughts and floods. This has led to significant crop failures, particularly in maize production, resulting in widespread hunger and food insecurity. Humanitarian efforts are underway, but the situation is expected to worsen during the upcoming seasons. Addressing the immediate needs and tackling the root causes, such as poor environmental practices and climate change, are crucial to mitigating the impact of such crises in the future. ### References 1. [Relief Web](https://reliefweb.int/report/malawi/malawi-drought-flash-appeal-dg-echo-un-ocha-echo-daily-flash-26-july-2024#:~:text=The%20UN%20urged%20its%20partners,people%20classified%20as%20IPC%202.) 2. [World Food Programme](https://www.wfp.org/news/urgent-action-critical-malawi-faces-severe-drought#:~:text=BLANTYRE%20%E2%80%93%20Around%20nine%20million%20people,stricken%20areas%20of%20Malawi%2C%20Ms.) 3. [ACAPS](https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20240506_ACAPS_SOUTHERN_AFRICA-Impact_of_El_Nino_in_Malawi__Zambia__and_Zimbabwe.pdf) 4. [Ripple Africa](https://rippleafrica.org/environmental-challenges-in-malawi-africa/#:~:text=Deforestation%20for%20Farming,of%20the%20country%20under%20forests.) 5. [NOAA](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html#:~:text=El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20causes%20the%20Pacific,life%20off%20the%20Pacific%20coast.)]]> New York City: The City That’s Never Clean https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/new-york-city-the-city-thats-never-clean https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/new-york-city-the-city-thats-never-clean Fri, 26 Jul 2024 04:00:36 GMT NYC is extremely crowded throughout the year, especially during the holiday season. Holiday celebrations such as the New Year’s celebrations cause a lot of trash and pollution. Trash bags can often be seen littering the sides of NYC streets. Air pollution in NYC is also a big issue, giving it bad air quality that especially affects marginalized communities. Some solutions are switching to all-electric buildings, walking instead of driving in the city, and being mindful of your trash. Photo by Alex Haney on Unsplash New York City: the spectacle of the state, the city that never sleeps, the place people assume you are from when you tell them you‘re from New York. It’s a bustling, busy place filled with sparkling lights, culturally diverse groups of people, places of art and entertainment, and an overall magical place, and this magic is only amped up during the holiday season. Everyone says that NYC is the place to be during the holidays, but is it really? Don’t get me wrong, I think New York City is fun and beautiful if you ignore the 80% of the city that… isn’t, but you could not pay me to go to the city during this time. On normal days, the city is already crowded and dangerous and filthy, but during the holidays it’s even MORE crowded and dangerous and filthy. # ‘Tis the Season for Trash! ![Pile of trash](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*GVTuPV3ekUlqDyiD)
Photo by Claudio Schwarz on Unsplash
New York City is unfortunately infamous for its filth, with littering having been a problem for many years. This will naturally increase with the holiday season as more people from all over the world flock to the city to eat at the fancy restaurants, take pictures in Times Square, and buy things from its lavish shops. Despite the decrease in the influx of visitors from 2020–2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the city is still a hot tourist spot during the holidays. This year, the city is predicted to have about 60 million visitors, with NYC hotel occupancy increasing by 84.2%. Now, I’m not saying that people shouldn’t go to the city. New York City’s economy runs on tourist income and, though I don’t like it personally, even I can’t deny that the busy foot traffic adds to the charm. However, it also adds to the trash, especially on New Year’s Day. When the clock strikes midnight on January 1st, it is tradition to celebrate with pounds and pounds of confetti — 3,300 pounds, to be exact. Yes, every year, 1.5 tons of confetti are dumped on the streets of Times Square during the celebration. To add to this, tourists also leave 130,000 pounds of trash on the streets during the event, taking around 12 hours for over 200 sanitation workers to clean up the mess. This is just from the New Year's celebration alone, so imagine how much trash 60 million visitors will bring when they spend days vacationing in the city. # Trash Bag Central ![Trash bags on the streets of NYC](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Pw9KFFYeRLeV_nI6)
Photo by Jandra Sutton on Unsplash
Even outside the holidays, the streets of NYC are still covered in trash and trash bags. If you’ve been to the city, you should know about those random areas where it smells terrible, the fat, black trash bags oozing brown liquid lined up on the sides of the street, and the puddles of “water” on the ground you sidestep on the sidewalk. Nothing screams New York City magic like rat and maggot-infested trash bags! In all seriousness, the trash situation is so severe that it’s starting to become a safety hazard. Some sidewalks are so covered in trash bags that there’s no space for people to walk, forcing pedestrians to walk on the street. Not to mention the trash outside of the trash bags that litter the ground, ironically usually next to a trash can. It’s admittedly not very aesthetic. New York City used to have actual “ Oscar-the-grouch” like garbage cans, but after 1968, they were replaced with just plain trash bags. Other cities like those in Korea and France containerize their waste, but, for some reason, New York is just behind the curve. However, recent efforts have started to implement trash bins across the city, with trash collectors stating that it makes their lives much easier, especially since they don’t have to fight the foot-long rats that scavenge the bags anymore. Unfortunately, change is coming very slowly since the mayor has not been prioritizing trash cleanup, and people aren’t particularly eager to reduce their waste or change their habits of placing trash 2 inches away from a trash can. In regards to waste production, New York City holds its crown as the city that produces the most waste by a landslide. Even Mexico City and Tokyo, who are runners-up for second and third, produce less than half the waste that NYC does, even though their population is greater. While most of the 33 million tons of waste produced in NYC come from big businesses and industries, private households aren’t very innocent either. The average citizen produces 4.4 pounds of waste per day. # I’m Dreaming of a Gray Christmas ![NYC pollution in the air](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*TYWaY12IEoLffRiW)
Photo by Julien Maculan on Unsplash
New York City also has infamously bad air quality. While it’s not quite as bad as other cities, it’s still bad enough to where it has become hazardous. New York emits more air pollution than any other state in America, and there have been more premature deaths in NYC than any other state. Most of New York City's air pollution is caused by buildings that use gas or oil in furnaces or boilers to produce heat. The rest are caused by vehicles and power plants. The pollutants emitted from buildings, vehicles, and power plants can cause various health issues, including premature death. New York City air pollution has been the cause of 1,114 deaths, and that’s not even accounting for other health impacts that air pollution causes, such as asthma attacks and hospital visits. Pollution exposure also seems to be disproportionate among the communities of NYC. Areas where people of color typically reside are exposed to 17% more pollution than the population average. Black New Yorkers are exposed to 32% more pollution, Asian New Yorkers are exposed to 21% more pollution, and Latino New Yorkers are exposed to 5% more pollution, yet white New Yorkers are exposed to -21% of pollution. From this, it can be concluded that New York City does not do a proper job of safeguarding the marginalized communities in the city. # Solutions ![Dawn in NYC](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*mxT8C1rhla4i6NEh)
Photo by Ivan Karpov on Unsplash
All-electric construction would not only benefit the environment and overall health of the community, but it would also benefit New York financially. All-electric homes are shown to be much less expensive than normal, saving about an average of $6,800, since you don’t have to pay for gas or fuel to power heating, hot water, or cooking. Something you can do to help reduce littering or pollution in the city is to walk instead of taking a car, and putting your trash in a trash can instead of next to a trash can. For the most part, you can walk to most places in the city unless you’re going from one side of the city to the opposite end, and even so, with all the traffic, walking would still probably be faster. Also, while trash cans can be hard to come by in the city, instead of dumping your trash on the streets, just keep it in your pockets or bags until you can dispose of it properly. I’m not at all saying that people should no longer come to the city during the holidays, or just in general, but if you do come to visit the city, just be mindful of where you’re putting your trash and make sure it goes to the right places.
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# Recap NYC is extremely crowded throughout the year, especially during the holiday season. Holiday celebrations such as the New Year’s celebrations cause a lot of trash and pollution. Trash bags can often be seen littering the sides of NYC streets. Air pollution in NYC is also a big issue, giving it bad air quality that especially affects marginalized communities. Some solutions are switching to all-electric buildings, walking instead of driving in the city, and being mindful of your trash. # References 1. [NPR](https://www.npr.org/2023/11/09/1210494331/trash-problem-nyc-fix-plastic-bins) 2. [New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/09/business/nyc-tourists-holiday-season.html) 3. [NYC.gov](https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/air-quality-air-pollution-protection.page) 4. [Time Out](https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/nyc-is-the-second-dirtiest-city-in-the-world-071122) 5. [World Population Review](https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-city-rankings/dirtiest-cities-in-the-world) 6. [The Cooldown](https://www.thecooldown.com/green-home/confetti-new-years-eve-times-square-trash/) 7. [News10](https://www.news10.com/holidays/study-americans-amass-nearly-30-pounds-of-extra-trash-during-holiday-weeks/) 8. [Streetsblog New York City](https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2022/03/22/trash-city-new-york-is-filthy-and-the-fault-is-government-inertia)]]> Was the Grinch Right? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/was-the-grinch-right https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/was-the-grinch-right Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:59:06 GMT Dr. Seuss often tries to teach valuable lessons to children with impressionable minds with his books. Although these books employ humorous images at times, many of his lessons apply to real life as well. The Grinch is admittedly not the best person for taking joy in others’ sadness, and for attempting to destroy Christmas spirit. ... # Landfill Waste ![Scenic mountain with trash over rocks at the base](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*8Xt-4rt9JRDeG7J8)
Photo by Sylwia Bartyzel on Unsplash
The Grinch lives at the top of Mt. Crumpit on what is essentially the Whos’ landfill. Their trash from various locations goes through pipelines branded “DumpIt to Crumpit” to land in the landfill the Grinch calls his home. Within the first ten minutes of this movie, we can see the Grinch picking through thrown-out vegetables and eating a non-rotten onion. The Grinch is also seen repurposing furniture that has been thrown out and overall finding a lot of waste that can still be used. In real life, we can also often observe this phenomenon of throwing out perfectly good products to replace with new ones, just because of unjustified reasons, such as if the product “looks weird.” The highly consumerist society we live in makes it possible to easily obtain replacements, so why even use the weird-looking ones? It is estimated that over 20% of produce is trashed annually without even making it to the storefronts because of odd shapes, blemishes on the outside peel, weird colors often from GMOs, or other reasons. This 20% equates to 1 in 5 perfectly good, nutritious fruits and vegetables that are tossed in landfills. Most food products also contain misleading expiration dates. Most consumers will discard a food item past its expiration date in fear of food safety or food poisoning past this date. However, the National Resources Defense Council has stated that “The current system of expiration dates misleads consumers to believe they must discard food in order to protect their own safety. In fact, the dates are only suggestions by the manufacturer for when the food is at its peak quality, not when it is unsafe to eat.” With these misleading expiration dates, even in the face of food that looks perfectly fine, 9 in 10 Americans will discard edible food. These misleading expiration dates also directly cause the issue of food waste in the supermarket. As any consumer knows, buying food products with a longer time until the expiration date is a better option because you will have more time to consume the product before you “have to” throw it out. Since consumers mostly go for food products with farther expiration dates, foods with closer expiration dates often sit on shelves until their expiration date approaches, at which time the supermarket will discard the product before the expiration date is even reached. Because of these expiration dates, supermarkets will even refuse food products with close expiration dates, which will cause the farms or other producers of the goods to also trash the product. All this food waste amounts to hundreds of billions of dollars. Much of this could be avoided with a less confusing expiration dating system. However, food waste is also caused by the consumerist want of “pretty” foods without blemishes and weird colors or shapes. ![A couch and clothes on the side of a street, presumably as garbage](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Zuj7l7UyGt3_CU8v)
Photo by Jiroe (Matia Rengel) on Unsplash
With the issue of furniture and other goods, much unnecessary waste goes to landfills as well. In the observation of the most common reasons, we can see that consumers often discard furniture because it is either broken or shows minor wear and tear so it is no longer “pretty.” In the second case, many want to upgrade to newer furniture, despite the old furniture working perfectly well. In most cases, nobody expects the average consumer to not throw away furniture when it becomes broken beyond the repair capabilities of the average consumer. Nobody expects people to undergo the hassle of bringing along furniture that is difficult to transport when they are moving. However, if the furniture is experiencing minor wear and tear and doesn’t look as “pretty” and “fresh” as it did on the day it was bought, it is disheartening to see consumers simply discard furniture to a landfill to make room for new furniture. Similarly to the produce, although the product is perfectly fine, appearances take precedence, leading to unnecessary waste. For the most wasteful of all the reasons, many consumers throw out old furniture that is perfectly good to make way for new furniture when they have a change in personal taste. Rather than changing their existing furniture to adhere to personal taste, consumers will often wholly discard furniture that shows no wear for new furniture that better fits their aesthetic. In How the Grinch Stole Christmas, we can see that the Whos throw away perfectly good food, furniture, and products because of the massive amount of goods the Grinch was able to repurpose rather than leaving as trash. The Grinch’s entire house is made of repurposed materials from the landfill. From this movie, we can learn the lesson of repurposing materials that would otherwise end up in a landfill. # Christmas Consumerism ![Christmas gifts piled up under a tree](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*w-9ULwqqAhCMsIbJ)
Photo by Isaac Martin on Unsplash
In Whoville, during their beloved Christmastime, many gifts are purchased by each person to give to their children. We watch the hustle and bustle of parents furiously running and driving around in a panic to obtain multiple presents from stressed cashiers. There is so much fuss over buying presents that even Cindy Lou Who questions why people are so concerned with gift-giving and festivities rather than the Christmas spirit. In real life, we can see this same situation of Christmas being about presents rather than love, happiness, and family. The Christmas spirit is often lost in people, as they are more concerned about what they will give and what they will receive. This craze over consumerism during the holidays leads to much more waste than normal. Over the holidays, particularly because of Christmas, over 2.8 billion more pounds of trash are generated each week than in an average week, in just the United States. This equates to 6.25 pounds of trash per person per day or 43.75 pounds per person per week. 25% more trash is created during Christmastime than at any other time of year. This Christmastime also doesn’t just last 1 week, but throughout the entire month of December and beyond. The average consumer often sees most Christmas products emerge following Thanksgiving and even some emerging right after Halloween in early November. The holidays generate a ton of waste which is extremely harmful to the environment. This excessive consumerism is a lesson that we can observe in both the Grinch and in real life.
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# Recap Dr. Seuss often tries to teach valuable lessons to children with impressionable minds with his books. Although these books employ humorous images at times, many of his lessons apply to real life as well. The Grinch is admittedly not the best person for taking joy in others’ sadness, and for attempting to destroy Christmas spirit. However, the Grinch also teaches a lesson to avoid excessive consumerism and be mindful of the greed that ordinary citizens like the Whos experience daily and perhaps do not realize. Food and furniture waste should be repurposed or recycled, as the Grinch teaches us. Christmas should not be all about gifts and excessive consumerism that generates tons of trash, but should instead employ the Christmas spirit of love, family, and joy. Although the Grinch turned out to be wrong about all Whos being greedy and not worthy of love, he may very well be right about hating excessive consumerism and materialistic greed. ### References 1. [Holiday Waste Prevention: How Much a Typical Person Generates](https://brightly.eco/blog/holiday-waste-generation-and-prevention) 2. [Why We Waste: Ugly Food, Expiration Dates, and More](https://foodwastefeast.com/why-we-waste-ugly-food-expiration-dates-and-more) 3. [How Cheap ‘Fast Furniture’ Could Soon Clog Landfills](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/31/realestate/fast-furniture-clogged-landfills.html)]]> Sea Urchins vs Kelp Forests https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sea-urchins-vs-kelp-forests https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sea-urchins-vs-kelp-forests Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:55:21 GMT All ecosystems are incredibly sensitive to changes in population because all organisms rely on each other for food or shelter. The rapid growth of the sea urchin population along the coast of California has harmed kelp forests beyond repair and destroyed aquatic ecosystems. Photo by Anna Kumpan on Unsplash Ecosystems are intricate, complex systems containing a plethora of organisms, all of which hold an important role in sustaining a viable habitat. A healthy ecosystem is characterized by a balance between its biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components. However, when the delicate balance of an ecosystem is disrupted by human interference or natural disasters, it is extremely challenging for that ecosystem to reach its original state of balance and stability again on its own. Although humans are one of the major contributors to ecosystem disruption, we also have the ability to help restore ecosystems to their original states. Sea urchins play a vital role in ocean ecosystems and their importance is underestimated by many. This blog will explore the purple sea urchin, also known as Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, commonly found along the coast of California.
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# What are Sea Urchins? ![A sea urchin on the ocean floor.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*famqdvVRErFcfhHT)
Photo by Marino Linic on Unsplash
Sea urchins are a part of the phylum echinodermata group which includes sea stars, sea cucumbers, and sea lilies. They are marine organisms that live in the intertidal zones of kelp forests, often found nestled in crevices between rocks. It is difficult to identify sea urchins based solely on their color because different species of sea urchins come in different colors. However, all of them can be identified by their spherical shape and spiky outer layer. All sea urchins have 5-point symmetry, similar to starfish. As disgusting as it may seem, some countries consider the gonads (reproductive organs) of certain species of sea urchins a delicacy. Although you won’t find many seafood restaurants with sea urchins on the menu in the US, they are a rather common dish in Mediterranean and East Asian countries. Some seafood enthusiasts complain that sea urchins taste like kelp or seaweed because that is their main food source. Sea urchins play an important role in aquatic ecosystems because organisms such as sea stars and sea otters rely on them for food. All ecosystems are delicate and even a minor disruption can have disastrous consequences. Read on to learn more about the current sea urchin problem and how it’s affecting aquatic ecosystems in all of Earth’s oceans. # The Urchin Problem ![A kelp forest on the ocean floor.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*jWnc0A7T1kxrcmFp)
Photo by Brian Yurasits on Unsplash
Starting in 2014, the purple sea urchin population along the coast of California has increased rapidly. Sea urchins generally reside in kelp forests because kelp is their main source of food. However, recently they’ve been discovered in urchin barrens across the coast the California. Urchin barrens are barren places along the sea floor where kelp forests stood before sea urchins invaded and consumed all of the kelp. These barrens usually consist of thousands of sea urchins heavily concentrated in one place with little to no kelp left. Once these sea urchins have exhausted the kelp supply in a particular location, they migrate to new places along the seafloor in search of a new kelp forest to inhabit. As sea urchin populations grow rapidly, the number of kelp forests left decreases drastically. Other organisms who rely on kelp forests for food or shelter are slowly dying out. As kelp forests grow more and more scarce, sea urchins will even feed on kelp that is only just starting to grow. This prevents the growth of new kelp forests in the future which would help replenish the supply of kelp that sea urchins originally consumed. The regeneration of kelp forests will be almost impossible if sea urchins continue consuming kelp at this rate. # Population Dynamics ![A group of sea otters playing in the ocean.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*ZQUYXPgIYIqbIceh)
Photo by Anchor Lee on Unsplash
### “The Blob” You may be wondering, how did the sea urchin population grow so rapidly over such a short period of time? The problem began when a large mass of warm water known as “the blob” reached the shores of California. Kelp forests are more adapted to survive in warm waters than other similar sea plants. Because of this, many organisms moved to kelp forests when their previous habitats started to decline as a result of the blob. This put an huge amount of strain on kelp forests which were housing more organisms than ever before. Kelp forests began to shrink when sea urchins flocked to them searching for a new food source. Humans are mostly to blame for these events as ocean waters are warming because of our excessive greenhouse gas emissions. ### Climate Change It is well known that climate change and pollution affect ecosystems worldwide. But, how does this account for the rapid influx of sea urchins to the coast of California in recent years? According to Science Daily, kelp forests, although more adapted to higher temperatures than other ocean plants, have more difficulty growing at high temperatures. With the recent increase in greenhouse gas emissions from large factories and vehicles, climate change is accelerating at an unprecedented rate and Earth is warming rapidly, putting our precious kelp forests at risk. Many sea urchins have migrated to California in recent years because they have exhausted their kelp supply elsewhere and are looking for new food sources. Unfortunately, kelp forests can’t keep up with the insatiable hunger of the sea urchins. Climate change inhibits the growth of kelp forests, leaving little to no chance for regrowth after sea urchins consume the entire forest. ### Natural Predators Sea stars, specifically the sunflower sea star, prey on sea urchins to survive. During the past couple of years, sea star populations began to decline. For any ecosystem, when predator populations decline, prey populations increase because there are less organisms hunting them. The culprit of these sea star’s deaths was a sea star wasting disease in which they were bleached of color, and their limbs began to break off which eventually led to death. While the origins of this disease are still not certain according to NOAA, there is speculation that low pH and pollution could have contributed to the growth and spread of the disease. Sea otters are another predator of sea urchins. This is mostly because sea otters and sea urchins both live in kelp forests. Sea otters that don’t live in kelp forests have other sources of food but sea otters in these forests rely on them for survival. # Potential Solutions ![Large fishing nets](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*rCWLxyq764bq3uG3)
Photo by Burkhard Kaufhold on Unsplash
### Large Operations While this problem may seem hopeless, federal and state environmental organizations have been taking action to address the sea urchin issue. Sea urchins are being collected in large quantities from urchin barrens and sold to restaurant owners who want to get their hands on the hard-to-come-by delicacies. Some of these sea urchins are fed kelp until their gonads grow to a sufficient size and are harvested for sale. ### Sustainable Living While large corporations can do more to solve this issue than we can, there are still various things we can do to help save our kelp forests. Always be mindful of your contribution to global warming. A common misconception about reducing your personal carbon footprint is that it has to be all or nothing, but that’s not true. It would be unreasonable to expect everyone to completely switch to renewable energy. Even the small steps count. Next time you leave the house turn off the heater and the lights to conserve energy. Try carpooling with a friend to reduce your carbon dioxide emissions! If everyone makes a small sacrifice for the good of the environment, future generations will have the chance to enjoy the Earth we have today.
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# Recap All ecosystems are incredibly sensitive to changes in population because all organisms rely on each other for food or shelter. The rapid growth of the sea urchin population along the coast of California has harmed kelp forests beyond repair and destroyed aquatic ecosystems. Their rapid increase in population can be attributed to migration driven by climate change and a large marine heatwave in California from 2012–2014 called “the blob.” Sea urchins razed kelp forests to the ground with their hunger and created urchin barrens. When this occurred, the organisms that called kelp forests home were left without a proper habitat or food source. ### References 1. [Purple Urchins Devour Kelp Forests, So Divers Fight Back : NPR](https://www.npr.org/2021/03/31/975800880/in-hotter-climate-zombie-urchins-are-winning-and-kelp-forests-are-losing) 2. [California Sea Urchin Are Destroying Coastal Kelp Forests — NY Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/04/dining/california-sea-urchin-kelp-coastline.html) 3. [Sunflower Sea Star Wasting Syndrome Pandemic | NOAA Fisheries](https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/endangered-species-conservation/infographic-sunflower-sea-star-wasting-syndrome-pandemic) 4. [Echinoderm | Definition, Characteristics, Species, & Facts | Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/animal/echinoderm) 5. [Sea urchins: Strange and spiny wonders of the ocean | Natural History Museum](https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/sea-urchins-strange-and-spiny-wonders-of-the-ocean.html) 6. [Climate change predicted to reduce kelp forests’ capacity to trap and store carbon | ScienceDaily](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220824103023.htm)]]> Eco-Friendly Gifts https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/eco-friendly-gifts https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/eco-friendly-gifts Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:54:34 GMT While the holidays are a fun and happy time of year for families around the world, it is extremely important to be aware of the impacts of your actions on the environment and always be doing what you can to take care of it. From recyclable wrapping paper to eco-friendly gifts, the holidays can still be enjoyable while doing your part to keep our Earth clean. Photo by Joshua Lam on Unsplash The holiday season is officially in session and everyone is ready to party and celebrate with loved ones. Each year when the holidays come around, millions of frenzied parents and last-minute shoppers frantically search for meaningful gifts for their loved ones during the weeks leading up to Christmas. Many people are too wrapped up (pun intended) in the shopping frenzy to think about what they purchase to wrap their holiday gifts with. The vast majority of Americans use wrapping paper that isn’t recyclable to package their gifts. Additionally, many parents are guilty of buying their children presents that they don’t truly need. Most gifts that kids receive on Christmas will end up in the depths of the closet after being played with for all of 10 minutes. This practice is wasteful and not sustainable. Although the holidays are a time of joy, it is still tremendously important to keep in mind the impact your actions this holiday season can have on our delicate environment. With this in mind, here are some eco-friendly gifts to put on your wish list this year!
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# Wrapping Paper ![A pile of gifts wrapped in recyclable wrapping paper.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*DrEMtJIIB3xIUFTG)
Photo by Erica Marsland Huynh on Unsplash
One of the best things you can do to help the environment during the holidays is purchase recyclable wrapping paper to wrap your gifts. In general, recyclable wrapping paper is less shiny and thicker than your normal wrapping paper. A general rule of thumb is any wrapping paper that is sparkly or has texture cannot be recycled. Most families keep a trash bag near the Christmas tree on Christmas morning to shove heaps of wrapping paper into after eagerly tearing it from their gifts. Recyclable wrapping paper allows you to recycle wrapping paper to be repurposed into something else rather than throwing it out after a single use. ### The Scrunch Test If you find yourself at the store searching for an eco-friendly wrapping paper but can’t seem to figure out which is recyclable and which isn’t, the scrunch test is the way to go. The scrunch test can be performed by taking a small piece of wrapping paper and scrunching it into a ball. If it remains a ball, it can be recycled. If it reverts back to its flattened state, it most likely is not recyclable. ### Being Aware of Labels Always check labels! This is probably the easiest way to ensure that wrapping paper is recyclable because most recyclable wrapping papers will have a recycling symbol on their labels. Companies that make recyclable wrapping paper specifically advertise their products to be fashionable and functional. Recyclable wrapping paper is usually plain, but can be made more lively by adding ribbon or bows. In fact, many people argue that recyclable wrapping paper gives your gift a simple, but sophisticated, look. A couple of companies that produce recyclable wrapping paper include BJ’s and Berkley & Jenson. # Gift Ideas ![Three lit candles in holders of different colors.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*8prR-ZLcXms58JTu.jpg)
Pintrest.com
### Bar Soap Many people choose to gift soap around the holidays because it is a relatively versatile gift with many different scents to choose from depending on a person’s preference. Bar soap is preferable to soaps that come in plastic containers because they lessen the buildup of plastic in landfills and tend to last longer. Long-lasting soaps reduce waste in general because the recipients of the soap don’t need to purchase new soaps as often. Organic or homemade bar soaps can often be bought from local businesses while larger companies such as Buff City Soap and Lush mass produce them. ### Water Bottles Everyone could use a water bottle for something in their daily routine whether it be to bring to work, go on a run in the morning, or have on the bedside table while you take a nap. Water bottles come in all different styles, sizes, and colors. The best part is, many companies that produce water bottles make them with durable, long-lasting materials that will keep your water bottle in prime condition for several years. Using a reusable water bottle is an amazing way to help the environment. Instead of going through 3–4 plastic water bottles per day, simply refill a reusable water bottle 3–4 times a day without wasting any plastic. A reusable straw made of metal or glass along with a reusable water bottle is always a good gift combo! ### Clothing As discussed in our previous blogs about the fast fashion industry, many clothing manufacturers have huge carbon footprints that they aren’t taking accountability for. Promote the use of renewable energy sources to manufacture clothing this holiday season by buying clothes from companies that have transitioned to renewable energy. Avoid companies such as Shein, Zara, and Forever 21. Also, when choosing an article of clothing to buy for a friend or family member, choose durable pieces that will last you a long time and won’t have you running back to the store within a few weeks of your purchase because your newest pair of leggings ripped. ### Jewelry Avoiding cheap jewelry that breaks or rusts easily can help prevent waste from piling up in landfills. Some jewelry brands that promote sustainability and implement eco-friendly practices in production are Brilliant Earth, Aurate, and Soko. High quality jewelry doesn’t always have to be expensive. It’s not as hard as it may seem to find a piece of jewelry that looks expensive but isn’t in reality. Also, the rise of social media has allowed jewelry-lovers to find reviews for cheap jewelry quickly and easily. # Transitioning to Reusable Products ![A cloth holder for kitchen utensils.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*B4p7iceCXSRrKzfe)
Photo by Maria Ilves on Unsplash
### Hygiene Products We all use a toothbrush twice a day — at least I hope we all do. The issue is, toothbrushes are almost always made of plastic and over 7 billion people use them. When these toothbrushes are discarded every couple of months, the plastic ends up in landfills and takes hundreds of years to decompose. Instead of using a plastic toothbrush, try purchasing a bamboo toothbrush that you add to the compost after using. Bamboo tooth floss has also become more popular over the past couple of years as more research has been conducted on the effects of the decomposition of plastic flossers in landfills. Wooden hair brushes will give your bathroom a more homey, rustic vibe, and last up to twice as long as a plastic brush. ### Food Products Instead of using plastic bags to pack your lunch for work or pack your kid’s lunch for school, invest in sealable reusable bags that can be used every day. The average American family uses 500 ziploc bags per year. If we keep using and discarding plastic at this rate, it will be too late to save our environment. Next time you visit the grocery store, purchase silicone sandwich bags instead of plastic ones. While you’re at it, buy yourself a set of reusable grocery bags that you can use for groceries on every supermarket run. ### Sustainability Starter Kit A sustainability starter kit is a great gift for young environmentalists or those who just love nature in general. These kits include various eco-friendly products, such as reusable bags, towels, and brushes, that can ease one into being more environmentally conscious!
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# Recap While the holidays are a fun and happy time of year for families around the world, it is extremely important to be aware of the impacts of your actions on the environment and always be doing what you can to take care of it. From recyclable wrapping paper to eco-friendly gifts, the holidays can still be enjoyable while doing your part to keep our Earth clean. # References 1. [Conserve Energy Future](https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/is-wrapping-paper-recyclable.php) 2. [The Good Trade](https://www.thegoodtrade.com/features/fair-trade-jewelry/) 3. [CNN Underscored](https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/cnn-underscored/gifts/eco-friendly-sustainable-gifts) 4. [Bon Appétit](https://www.bonappetit.com/story/sustainable-gifts-2022)]]> The Costs of Holiday Cheer https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-cost-of-holiday-cheer https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-cost-of-holiday-cheer Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:48:50 GMT In the frenzy of holiday festivities, it’s easy to overlook the impacts our decisions have on the environment. From Christmas trees to gift-giving to decorative lights, our holiday traditions leave their mark on Earth. But, there’s still hope for us if we make small changes in our normal holiday routine. Embracing eco-friendly alternatives for trees and decorations, opting for sustainable gifts, minimizing food waste, and choosing energy-efficient lighting are among many choices we can make to help our environment thrive in the long run. Photo by Artem Kniaz on Unsplash Just as the clock hits midnight on Thanksgiving, families begin scrabbling for Christmas decorations. Thoughts of turkeys are abandoned and ones of colorful lights and pines trees are born. If you’re a parent, you’re roped into decorating as soon as you’ve swallowed your last forkful of turkey and mashed potatoes. That night, and the days that follow, are a whirlwind of pine needles, plastic ornaments, children squabbling, dogs barking, and lights so bright you can barely see a foot in front of you.g In a matter of days your home is transformed into a blinding spectacle of green, red, and white. Although that may be a slight exaggeration, many families in the US take Christmas incredibly seriously, and for good reason. The holiday season is a time of joy and celebration when families come together to celebrate. Unfortunately, the environmental issues that arise during the holiday season are often overlooked.
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# Christmas Trees Whether you’re the classic mom who decorates her Christmas tree with every ornament her kids have ever made her or the perfectionist with bins of color coded ornaments, all Americans enjoy the art of Christmas tree decorating. But, do you ever consider where your Christmas tree and its decorations come from? Most don’t. With so many different types of trees available, most people opt for the one that looks and fits their home best, raising the concerns of environmentalists worldwide. ### Trees ![A large Christmas tree decorated with lights and ornaments.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*OqLMFFCB5jQXLcpx)
Photo by Cameron Stewart on Unsplash
The mindset of most Americans is usually something along the lines of, “It’s just one little tree, what harm could it cause?” When millions of Americans think this way, the impact accumulates. 25–30 million live Christmas trees are sold annually. Well, why not just plant more trees? It’s nearly impossible to replant trees at the rate we are cutting them down, especially if you consider the thousands of acres of trees cut down for agricultural purposes. Without trees to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, carbon dioxide levels in Earth’s atmosphere will continue to soar and contribute to climate change. On top of this, Christmas tree transport companies have their own emissions to account for. Some of you may be thinking, “Well, I own an artificial tree! It’s much safer for the environment.” When compared to live trees, they are, but artificial trees are typically made from non-biodegradable materials like PVC. Even if you use the same tree every year, someday it will end up in a landfill. The non-biodegradable materials they’re made out of can take centuries to decompose, further contributing to our worsening pollution problem. However, there are a couple of eco-friendly alternatives to consider. If you’re a fan of live Christmas trees, you can plant a tree in your yard to compensate for the tree chopped down. You can consider purchasing a live, potted tree that can be planted after the holidays. If you’re unsure about which ones can be planted, look for ones with root balls intact. Choosing a locally-sourced, sustainably-grown tree from businesses that support responsible forestry practices can also mitigate the harm caused by cutting down trees for Christmas. Locally-sourced trees often don’t need to be transported over long distances which greatly reduces the carbon footprint of the average holiday shopper. ### Ornaments ![A plastic ornament dangling from a Christmas tree.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*YICq2HZ3Sy8k96wy)
Photo by Element5 Digital on Unsplash
You can’t have a Christmas tree without decorations! Almost everyone who celebrates Christmas decorates their Christmas tree with ornaments, usually made of non-biodegradable materials such as plastics and metals that take a long time to decompose. Most inexpensive ornaments tend to be cheaply made and break easily, especially in the sticky grasp of an overexcited toddler. These ornaments are then thrown out and either end up sitting in landfills or in the belly of an animal. Additionally, many families choose to purchase new ornaments for Christmas each year. In order to meet demand, manufacturing companies step up production during the holidays. The vast majority of these companies use nonrenewable resources to produce holiday decorations, further depleting our dwindling supply of these resources. Instead of purchasing new ornaments each year, pick one kind that you really love and reuse them each year. Unique ornaments made of wood, dried fruits, pinecones, and natural fibers have grown in popularity over the past few years due to their natural, woodsy qualities. Try purchasing some of these ornaments made from biodegradable materials to add a touch of warmth to your home and make your Christmas tree stand out, all while helping the environment. Also, there are plenty of DIY Christmas ornaments you can make by reusing household items. This is both eco-friendly and a fun family bonding activity! # The Dangers of Gift-Giving “Christmas is the spirit of giving.” We’re all familiar with this phrase and have probably heard it from a friend of family member at some point in our life. When people think of Christmas, most envision sitting in front of the fireplace opening gifts with family. It’s the spirit of Christmas — a tradition that everyone’s familiar with. ### Wrapping Paper ![Multiple rolls of wrapping paper scattered on the ground.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*vaOZGpmxudRCXGA4)
Photo by freestocks on Unsplash
As fun as gift exchanges are, the thin sheets of decorated paper wrapped around your beloved gifts are more of a danger than you may think. Everyone uses wrapping paper, just as everyone throws out wrapping paper immediately after unwrapping their gifts. Wrapping paper, just like regular paper, is produced from trees. Over 30 million trees are cut down to be shaped into wrapping paper each year. Our environment suffers an awful lot from deforestation as it is. The fact that so many trees are wasted on producing wrapping paper, which is immediately discarded after using, is frightening. Yes, wrapping paper has become a vital part of Christmas traditions worldwide, but you can make the choice to look for alternative, eco-friendly ways to wrap your gifts this holiday season. Using gift bags instead of wrapping paper is a great way to start because they can easily be reused for another gift if they’re kept in good condition. If you can’t bear to part with the Christmas morning sounds of wrapping paper ripping, consider purchasing recyclable wrapping paper instead from Amazon or your local Walmart. # Children’s Toys ![Gifts spilling out of a large bag beneath a Christmas tree.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*LHDmep86tLQCMuRZ)
Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash
This may be shocking to hear, but the most popular Christmas gifts, plastic toys and electronics among them, have the worst effects on our environment. Mass-produced plastic toys typically come with excessive amounts of packaging which contributes to plastic pollution. Although electronics seem like good gifts, when disposed, they release harmful chemicals into the environment which can impair plant growth and therefore ecosystem health. A great way to prevent this is to consider gifting experiences over physical objects. The recipient of the gift will almost always appreciate it more if it’s personal and something close to their heart. Thus, this practice helps you connect more with loved ones all while limiting the build-up of excessive amounts of waste. # Food Waste ![An extravagant display of Christmas foods and desserts laid out on a table.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*shz7J9T3Z5wsDVG2)
Photo by Jed Owen on Unsplash
Most major holidays involve some sort of large meal shared with family. Personally, this is my favorite part of the holiday season. Sometimes, 2–3 days are needed to prepare for the big meal. The vast majority of Americans end up preparing too much food for their holiday meals and much of it is left untouched. Planning meals wisely can help minimize food waste. Take into account how many people will be eating before purchasing ingredients and produce for your meal. Donate leftover food from holiday meals to homeless shelters or people in need. Compost organic waste in order to reuse nutrients from the food to grow more food! # Lighting ![An entryway bedecked in colorful Christmas lights.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*ylPMoB3F-CeeSQuu)
Photo by Niklas Ohlrogge on Unsplash
Everyone has that one house on their street that looks like Clark Griswold’s home from Christmas Vacation, a home wrapped in so many lights you can barely see the color of the walls. Although holiday lights are a huge part of decorating, they consume a substantial amount of energy. Fossil fuels are the main source of energy used when producing electricity. Large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted when these fossil fuels are burned, contributing to global warming. Here are a few ideas to consider when setting up your Christmas lights: - Purchase energy-efficient lights or solar-powered lights - Use automatic timers to turn your outdoor lights off during the day - Use projector lights instead of traditional string lights since they typically use less energy Don’t forget — you can always go for a more natural look and use garlands and wreaths to decorate your home instead of lights. Pinecones and spruce needles always make a good centerpiece for a table!
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# Recap In the frenzy of holiday festivities, it’s easy to overlook the impacts our decisions have on the environment. From Christmas trees to gift-giving to decorative lights, our holiday traditions leave their mark on Earth. But, there’s still hope for us if we make small changes in our normal holiday routine. Embracing eco-friendly alternatives for trees and decorations, opting for sustainable gifts, minimizing food waste, and choosing energy-efficient lighting are among many choices we can make to help our environment thrive in the long run. # References 1. [Real Christmas Trees](https://realchristmastrees.org/education/quick-tree-facts/#:~:text=There%20are%20approximately%2025%2D30,all%2050%20states%20and%20Canada.) 2. [Supply Chain News](uhttps://www.allthingssupplychain.com/the-wrapping-paper-waste-problem-and-what-can-be-done-about-it/l) 3. [Popular Science](https://www.popsci.com/story/diy/quit-wrapping-paper/) 4. [Jungle Straws](https://www.junglestraws.com/blog/eco-friendly-gifts-zero-waste-christmas) 5. [Earth Org](https://earth.org/real-vs-fake-christmas-tree-environmental-impact/#:~:text=Real%20Christmas%20trees%20have%20an,to%2016kg%20of%20carbon%20dioxide.)]]> The Coral Crisis https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-coral-crisis https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-coral-crisis Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:48:37 GMT Recently, coral reefs have been declining due to human impact. Climate change has changed the temperatures of the oceans, causing stress upon coral reefs that makes the corals turn pale, weaken, and die. Harmful fishing practices, including deep water trawling, explosive fishing, and cyanide fishing also hurt the corals. Photo by Francesco Ungaro on Unsplash Coral reefs are one of the oceans’ many spectacles, and probably their biggest, as corals are the largest biological, living structures on earth. These colorful and complex systems add a pop of color to the vast, dark ocean, but, unfortunately, coral reefs are rapidly losing their color and dying out. What happened to make coral reefs start dying so quickly when they’ve existed and thrived for over 400 million years?
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# Issue Background ![A bright pink coral reef in an ocean surrounded by fish](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*NyHvEYMabScLPLZs)
Photo by LI FEI on Unsplash
Corals are living organic structures called anthozoans within the phylum Cnidaria. No, this isn’t the name for an alien species. Anthozoans are a class of marine invertebrates that includes stony coral, soft coral, anemones, and thousands of other species. Cnidaria is a phylum, or class within the animal kingdom, that contains species of animals typically found in marine environments and are made of medusae or polyps. Our corals are made of hundreds of thousands of polyps, or tiny, individual organisms. Coral reefs live in tropical oceans and require a band of environmental conditions in order to thrive, including having specific water temperatures and the right amount of limestone for reef formation. The optimal water temperature for coral reefs is 23°C to 29°C, but some have even been found in seas that reach 40°C for periods of time. They also typically only form in saline water with plenty of access to sunlight. Individual corals themselves, however, live in waters of much lower temperatures around 14°C to 11°C. # Importance of Coral Reefs ![A yellow fish next to some coral](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*gMmhvn83mYuNxtMY)
Photo by ZQ Lee on Unsplash
Coral reefs, known as the forests of the oceans, are one of the most valuable ecosystems on earth. Thousands of sea creatures reside in coral reefs as their home, including around 4,000 species of fish and 800 species of hard corals, as well as various other species. Not only do they act like an apartment complex for marine life, but they also serve many of their residents full meals, such as the parrot fish that consume the algae growing on the corals. This biodiversity leads scientists to believe that millions of undiscovered species can be found in the reefs. Drugs and remedies for cancer, arthritis, bacterial infections, viruses, and other diseases are being developed from coral reef animals and plants. Coral also acts as a barrier for storms and floods that come from the ocean and can potentially harm coastal communities. Economically, coral reefs serve a great purpose to those in developing countries. Because so many types of fish live in the reefs, many fishermen rely on them. Tourists are also attracted to the marvel of coral reefs, and their money helps support these tropical countries that rely heavily on income from tourism. As coral reefs die, thousands of species die with them, so we will lose potential medicinal remedies, places relying on the economic benefits of coral reefs will struggle, and storms will wreak havoc on coastal communities. # Death of Coral Reefs ![An expansive coral reef at the bottom of the ocean](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*6Uh-yg0ZNVGJqYgu)
Photo by yang wewe on Unsplash
The rapid decline of coral reefs is caused by a myriad of reasons, including climate change, overfishing and harmful fishing practices, live coral collection, and pollution. A large percentage of the world’s coral reefs have already died off. Over the last 50 years, 30% of the world’s coral reefs have died, and it’s predicted that by 2050, 90% of the world’s corals will die. There are very few pure coral reefs left, in which no corals or sections of the reef have died. Even the Great Barrier Reef is rapidly vanishing. The ARC Center for Excellence funded a study that found that around half of the Great Barrier Reef’s corals have disappeared entirely. Within the next century, the Great Barrier Reef could vanish entirely. ### Climate Change As previously stated, coral reefs need specific temperature requirements to survive. Rising ocean temperatures put stress on coral reefs, causing them to release the symbiotic algae zooxanthellae. Since this is their primary food source, the corals grow weaker and become even more susceptible to environmental stressors. This leads to coral bleaching, which is when corals turn white and pale as a result of their weakening, eventually leading to their deaths. Climate change can also lead to increased natural disasters that can destroy coral reefs. ### Human Impact Certain fishing practices, like deep water trawling, can cause damage to coral reefs. Deep water trawling is when fishermen drag a fishing net on the ocean floor with weights on the ends of them to startle fish out of hiding. The weights can destroy the corals, while the nets get tangled or caught in them. Anchors carelessly dropped from fishing boats can also cause damage to the corals. Another harmful fishing method is using explosives to scare fish out of hiding. The explosives, as one might expect, destroy the coral in the process. Cyanide fishing can also kill the polyps that make up the corals and degrade the habitat. People also carelessly collect live corals directly from coral reefs for aquariums and jewelry trades. Divers and tourists can trample and destroy corals, or simply pluck them from their natural habitat. ### Pollution Pollutants like sediments, oils, and chemicals can also cause harm to the coral reefs. When pollutants enter the water, they can corrupt the water and increase the growth of organisms such as algae that smother the corals. If oil is spilled during coral spawning, then the sperm may be damaged as they float near the surface. Sediment in the water can also smother the corals and prevent them from feeding. # How You Can Help ![An underwater coral ecosystem](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*GUPyYqVe7GdnTFQ0)
Photo by Kristin Hoel on Unsplash
One of the easiest ways to help save our coral reefs is to reduce your carbon footprint. Conservation of water can also help, since all water you use gets sent into the ocean. Contaminants in your water will eventually wind up with the reefs, adding to their destruction. If you ever go scuba diving, don’t take the corals as a souvenir. There are souvenir shops for a reason. Refrain from touching the corals and be very gentle with them. Supporting sustainable fishing practices by making informed choices about the fish you consume and purchase can also help. The biggest thing is staying informed and informing others about the coral reef crisis, whether that includes posting about it on social media or bringing it up in casual conversation.
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# Recap Coral reefs are organic structures in the oceans, classified as anthozoans of the phylum Cnidaria. They require specific water temperatures in order to thrive. They are part of some of the most valuable ecosystems on the planet, as they are home to many marine organisms, such as fish and hard corals. They serve many benefits, such as medicinal purposes, protection from storms and floods for coastal communities, and bringing in tourist income for tropical destinations. Recently, coral reefs have been declining due to human impact. Climate change has changed the temperatures of the oceans, causing stress upon coral reefs that makes the corals turn pale, weaken, and die. Harmful fishing practices, including deep water trawling, explosive fishing, and cyanide fishing also hurt the corals. Divers, often tourists, don’t treat corals with care, and can harm them by trampling them or by collecting them. Pollution has also caused corals to be smothered and unable to feed. A large percentage of the world’s corals has died off, and will continue to die off in the coming years. Ways to combat this tragic fate include reducing your carbon footprint and conserving water. It’s also important to be informed, both about sustainable fishing practices and about the coral reef crisis itself. ### References 1. [Oregon State University](https://films.oregonstate.edu/saving-atlantis/how-you-can-help-coral-reefs) 2. [National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral07_importance.html) 3. [SECORE International](https://www.secore.org/site/corals/detail/why-coral-reefs-need-our-help.23.html) 4. [United Nations Environment Programme](https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/why-are-coral-reefs-dying) 5. [Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution](https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/is-the-great-barrier-reef-making-a-comeback/#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20a%20study%20funded,don%27t%20curb%20planetary%20warming.) 6. [Coral Reef Information System of the NOAA](https://www.coris.noaa.gov/about/what_are/) 7. [National Ocean Service of the NOAA](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral09_humanthreats.html#:~:text=Pollution%2C%20overfishing%2C%20destructive%20fishing%20practices,around%20the%20world%20every%20day.)]]> Stink Bugs — A Smelly Situation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/stink-bugs-a-smelly-situation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/stink-bugs-a-smelly-situation Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:42:37 GMT Stink bugs, originating in East Asia, are a widely-known invasive species in the United States. They can easily be identified by their oval-shaped bodies and ability to fly. Stink bugs pose various environmental concerns such as food waste, plant damage, and nutrient depletion in soil. Several solutions to stink bug infestations include pesticides, stink bug traps, biological control, sealing entryways, and hiring an exterminator. Photo by Bankim Desai on Unsplash As summer comes to an end each year, most people think they’re safe from the nasty insects we call stink bugs. Unfortunately, this usually isn’t the case, especially if you live in a warmer region. The colder months are when stink bugs sneak through the cracks in the walls of your home and hide in tiny crevices, attempting to stay warm. We’ve all woken in the early hours of the morning to the incessant buzzing of a stink bug at some point in our lives. Pets chase after them looking for a tasty treat while most of us hide under our covers wishing it to vanish into thin air. I think I speak for most people when I say that stink bugs are widely disliked. Not only are they a nuisance, but they pose a severe threat to our environment.
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# Origins ![A yellow/brown stinkbug crawling between two leaves.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*ePUTpCnrr_13mG2s.jpg)
nj.com
The stink bug, originating in Eastern Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and China, was introduced to the United States in the mid to late 1990s. This introduction was not intentional, yet it likely occurred as a result of accidental hitchhiking onto transnational cargo. The stink bug first showed up in Pennsylvania in 1996 and wasn’t identified until around 2001. In the years since, stink bugs have spread to many states in the Mid-Atlantic area including New York, New Jersey and Virginia. 44–47 states have claimed to have stink bugs as of today. # Identification ![Three stinkbugs with red backs clumped together on a leaf.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*uTVxpU0NiAJuxmgJ.jpg)
bugguide.net
Adult stink bugs are usually six-legged, dark brown, and oval-shaped. All stink bugs have two long antenna and wings that allow them to fly from place to place. Reaching almost 2 centimeters in length, stink bugs can be compared to the diameter of a penny, which is approximately 0.75 in or 1.9 cm. The scientific name for the brown stink bug is Halyomorpha halys, or brown marmorated stink bug. These stink bugs get their name from the foul odor released from their glands when they’re killed or feel threatened. The purpose of this mechanism is to protect it from predators, but the stench is also released when humans crush a stink bug, as the gland is located on its abdomen. While adult stink bugs are known for flying around rooms, young stink bugs, nymphs, are flightless, as their wings are still in development. Brown stink bug nymphs are reddish in color and quite small. Nymphs molt 5 times, each time growing bigger and further developing their wings. Once they reach their last molt, they are almost as large as adults. # Environmental Impacts ![A close-up of a stinkbug crawling up the trunk of a tree.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/0*tYffPg4ks90cjnOQ.jpg)
schopenpest.com
While stink bugs don’t bite or do any physical harm to humans, they have a significant impact on our environment. Most stink bugs are herbivores, including the brown stink bug, although some species of stink bugs do eat other insects. ### Feeding Habits Brown stink bugs create agricultural issues as they eat various types of fruits and other crops. Some foods they eat include corn, cherries, grapes, and peaches. Produce items eaten by stink bugs usually develop brown splotches and spots, causing parts of the produce to rot and give off an unhealthy appearance. Surprisingly, some of these food items still make their way onto shelves at the grocery store despite being contaminated by stink bugs. Most shoppers avoid purchasing fruits and veggies that have visual defects or look unhealthy. However, stink bugs usually don’t do too much harm to a crop. As gross as it may sound, food touched by stink bugs is fine to eat. ### The Edge Effect & Food Waste A term associated with stink bug infestations in crops is the edge effect. The edge effect describes the phenomenon where insects destroy the outer rim of a crop field. This can lead to massive amounts of agricultural waste which decreases profit for farmers. According to RTS, 2.5 billion tons of food is wasted annually worldwide. Shockingly, the US makes up a large percentage of this food waste, producing around 60 million tons of food waste each year. Food waste is not only an economic concern as poverty rates continue to climb, but an environmental issue as productive efficiency decreases. As these crops are destroyed by stink bugs, farmers try to compensate for these losses by planting more crops on their fields. This overuse of land almost always leads to depletion of vital nutrients in the soil which can hinder future crop growth. ### Plant Damage While most of the impacts of stink bugs on the environment pertain to US agriculture and human food waste, they also cause damage to plants. When stink bugs chew on leaves, they create holes in plants that leave them vulnerable to deadly pathogens. Sometimes, if a disease isn’t discovered early enough in the crop, it can spread to and endanger the entire field of plants. # Extermination ![A group of eight stinkbugs on a wooden beam in a house.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*S1tTWA4fAhbtlL7_.jpg)
cabi.org
Considering that stink bugs are invasive and don’t have any predators in the US, it’s important to know of ways to handle a stink bug infestation in your home. ### Traps & Pesticides Today, various sprays and traps are on the market that can be used to combat an infestation of stink bugs. Pesticides for stink bugs can be bought at most department stores or even made on your own at home. 2 examples of stink bug traps include: - Light traps - Stink bugs are attracted to the light and trapped when they near the contraption. - Glue traps - Sticky film catches stink bugs if they fly too close and the insects can be safely moved outdoors. ### By Hand While this may seem like an obvious solution, it is worth mentioning. For those who only get the occasional stink bug and don’t want to harm them, simply scooping them into your hand and transporting them outdoors is another solution. Stink bugs are not a threat to humans and do not bite, so this alternative isn’t as scary as some people may think. ### Biological Control Biological control is another possible solution for stink bugs. Biological control of stink bugs consists of introducing a species that preys on stinkbugs to the area of infestation in order to control their population growth. One such predator of stink bugs is the Samurai wasp. However, biological control is usually only effective in outdoor settings. I doubt many people would be all that thrilled at introducing a hive of wasps into their home to kill stink bugs. If you’re involved in the agriculture business or live on a farm, this solution may work for you. ### Sealing Entryways As stink bugs travel into your home during the cooler months, sealing ways of entry is an excellent preventative measure to take. Common entryways are windows, doors, chimneys, and any other small cracks. Installing window screens is extremely useful for keeping unwanted insects out of your home because most insects are too large to fit through the mesh of the screen. Silicone caulk can be used to seal the cracks in doors, windows, and other entryways to keep out any unwanted guests. ### Exterminators Hiring an exterminator to help solve an infestation is another possible solution. This is probably one of the more extreme solutions to eliminating these pesky insects. Only hire an exterminator if the infestation is on the larger side, not just one or two stink bugs in your home.
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# Recap Stink bugs, originating in East Asia, are a widely-known invasive species in the United States. They can easily be identified by their oval-shaped bodies and ability to fly. Stink bugs pose various environmental concerns such as food waste, plant damage, and nutrient depletion in soil. Several solutions to stink bug infestations include pesticides, stink bug traps, biological control, sealing entryways, and hiring an exterminator. # References 1. [ PestWorld.org](https://www.pestworld.org/pest-guide/occasional-invaders/stink-bugs/) 2. [United States Environmental Protection Agency](https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/brown-marmorated-stink-bug) 3. [WebMD](https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-to-know-about-stink-bugs) 4. [rts](https://www.rts.com/resources/guides/food-waste-america/) 5. [Smithsonian Magazine](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/invasion-of-the-stinkbugs-63082507/) 6. [TheHill.com](https://thehill.com/homenews/nexstar_media_wire/3675438-smelly-invasive-stink-bugs-could-get-worse-in-some-areas-study-suggests/)]]> The Revival of the Tasmanian Tigers https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-revival-of-the-tasmanian-tigers https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-revival-of-the-tasmanian-tigers Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:37:43 GMT The Tasmanian tiger, an important keystone species, went extinct in 1936, leading to the decline of the Tasmanian ecosystem. However, as new technological advancements are made in the field of genetics, the Tasmanian tiger, once deemed lost forever, may find its way back to the shores of Tasmania. ... # The Tasmanian Tiger’s Role in the Ecosystem ![Barren field in Australia](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*ntcMCzQoOjF5Gj27)
Photo by Rodion Kutsaiev on Unsplash
As a creature at the top of the food chain, the Tasmanian tiger played a vital role in the Tasmanian ecosystem. As top predators, they maintained balance by controlling herbivore populations, preventing overgrazing, and promoting vegetation health. Their absence led to surges in herbivore populations, resulting in overgrazing and disrupting the food chain. These tigers were also keystone species, or species which have a disproportionately large effect on their natural environment relative to their abundance. The void left behind in the absence of the Tasmanian tigers has disrupted relationships between surviving species. Tasmanian tigers weren’t just carnivores; they played a crucial part in regulating small mammal populations, hence preventing future imbalances in the ecosystem. Animals like the wallabies are herbivores and eat primarily grasses and leafy plants. Following their extinction, wallaby and other small mammal populations skyrocketed, causing a ripple effect in food web. Larger populations need more food to sustain themselves. Once the Tasmanian tigers went extinct, these herbivores overused the land to satisfy their hunger. This led to soil erosion in wild areas as plant roots were no longer present to hold the soil together. They often feed on the crops of local farmers, contributing to widespread distaste for these animals. # The Importance of the Tasmanian Tigers ![A dead Tasmanian tiger used by scientists to extract RNA.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*P4yC-XsmhBWq9l69RubzOg.jpeg) ## Preservation of Biodiversity Researchers have found that ecosystems experienced degradation following the extinction of the Tasmanian tiger. This resulted in the proliferation of diseases, heightened wildfire occurrences, and spread of invasive species. According to scientific findings, the tigers played a crucial role in hunting and controlling non-native predators that posed a threat to vegetation. Now, these invasive species are spreading rapidly and outcompeting native species for resources, causing them to die off and decreasing biodiversity. ## Education & Awareness Beyond biology, the effort to bring back the Tasmanian tiger offers a unique educational opportunity. It’s a chance to understand the intricate relationships within ecosystems and emphasize the importance of conservation in preserving the delicate balance of nature. It is crucial to educate people about the effects of not preserving the environment because otherwise more and more species will succumb to extinction in the future. ## Research & Innovation The scientific pursuit of the resurrection of Tasmanian tigers involves cutting-edge research and innovation. If the resurrection of the Tasmanian tigers is successful, the knowledge gained during the process can be applied to resurrecting other extinct species. This kind of technology will allow us to maintain balance in various ecosystems by reintroducing species that will keep the populations of small animals in check. # De-Extinction of the Tasmanian Tigers ![The steps to resurrect the Tasmanian tiger.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*j-HP8zkF8q_IXj_5CcCpRw.png) In recent years, newly discovered genetic technology has rekindled hopes of reviving the Tasmanian tiger. Possible Tasmanian tiger sightings and preserved DNA have started discussions about de-extinction and resurrection, sparking both excitement and controversy. Can science bring a species back to life? Even so, will it be worth the cost to bring them back? Alongside genetic exploration, ecological studies are underway to comprehend the broader impacts of Thylacine extinction. How have other species adapted in their absence? What strategies can mitigate the environmental consequences of their extinction? As scientists attempt to navigate the ethical, ecological, and practical issues surrounding de-extinction, the urgency to address the environmental impacts of extinction becomes even more apparent. Ecosystems are delicate and must be handled with care. ## RNA Sequencing In an exploration from the Genome Research Journal, researchers achieved a remarkable feat by isolating and unraveling RNA molecules from a Tasmanian tiger that lived 130 years ago. RNA, comparable to its genetic counterpart DNA, contains intricate instructions that have the potential to unveil the biological mysteries surrounding the Thylacine. Enzymes can be used to transcribe RNA to DNA which has huge implications for cloning the Tasmanian tigers. If we are able to bring back and reintroduce these tigers to their original habitats, ecosystems in Tasmania will begin to stabilize. ## Gene Editing with Crispr In 2021, Colossal Laboratories and Biosciences ventured into the realm of resurrection, aiming to bring back the woolly mammoth using Crispr, a type of gene editing. Crispr is a fairly recent technology that research scientists use to selectively modify the DNA of living organisms for a variety of different purposes. Thus far, Crispr has made the impossible possible, starting with curing sickle cell disease. Researchers expressed their intentions to use Crispr to resurrect the dodo bird and the Tasmanian tiger. Gene editing could potentially result in the creation of viable embryos that would allow us to reintroduce these species back into their native habitats. # Unintended Consequences ![A possible forest habitat for Tasmanian tigers.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*X8HeIhBRFe7ja4dy)
Photo by Luca Bravo on Unsplash
Although the gene editing and RNA sequencing methods discussed above have the potential to bring back these unique Tasmanian tigers, there are many ethical and environment concerns associated with them that must be considered. Altering the genetic makeup of a species may have unintended consequences which could end up harming ecosystems instead of helping them stabilize. ## Habitat Suitability The original habitats of the Tasmanian tiger may have undergone significant changes since their extinction. Reintroducing them without considering the current states of their previous habitats could result in challenges for the species’ survival and adaptation. If their original habitats have since been occupied by rapidly expanding herbivore populations following the extinction of the tigers, newly reintroduced tigers may invade other species’ habitats, displacing them in the process. This has the potential to set off a chain of events in which ecosystems other than the Tasmanian tigers’ are negatively affected. ## Interactions with Existing Species The ecological dynamics of the present ecosystem have evolved since the Tasmanian tiger’s extinction in 1936. The reintroduction of a top predator to the ecosystem could disrupt interactions between existing species, potentially leading to increased competition or predation. Additionally, reintroducing an entire species will cause there to be a higher number of individuals per unit of area, increasing resource depletion. ## Cloning Concerns The ethics of cloning have been debated since the first animal was cloned back in 1996. First, cloning can be an expensive process and many don’t believe that it is worth the expense to bring back a species which died out because it wasn’t “fit” to survive. Additionally, as gene splicing becomes a more common practice, many are concerned about the potential for the creation of a genetically “perfect” organism. It would be very difficult for these animals to be killed by disease or other animals because they would have traits that would help them survive predator attacks and disease exposure. This would allow the Tasmanian tiger’s population to grow uncontrollably, upsetting the balance in the Tasmanian ecosystem once again. # How You Can Help ![A close-up of a green fern.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*vWDN75xDGJdKeIB2)
Photo by John Salzarulo on Unsplash
## Support Conservation Organizations Donate or volunteer at organizations dedicated to the conservation of endangered species and ecosystems. We can prevent the extinction of more species by funding and helping out with these organizations’ projects. Some of these organizations include World Wide Fund for Nature, the International Rhino Foundation, and the Wildlife Conservation Society. ## Educate Yourself and Others Take it upon yourself to learn more about species that are endangered or face extinction. It is extremely important to educate yourself and others about these species so more people can contribute to and get involved in conservation efforts. The actions you take don’t need to be large to have an impact. Start small by reposting a donation platform on social media or having a conversation at the dinner table with family. ## Report Sightings If you come across any rare or endangered species, report your sightings to relevant authorities or conservation organizations. In some cases, a couple of individuals are still alive when a species is declared extinct. If sightings of these individuals are reported, environmentalists can help those few animals reproduce and repopulate.
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# Recap The Tasmanian tiger, an important keystone species, went extinct in 1936, leading to the decline of the Tasmanian ecosystem. However, as new technological advancements are made in the field of genetics, the Tasmanian tiger, once deemed lost forever, may find its way back to the shores of Tasmania. These tigers have the potential to restore balance to the ecosystem that was disrupted when they went extinct by checking growing herbivore populations. Awareness is essential because the futures of the Tasmanian tiger and countless other species are in our hands. ## References 1. [USA Today](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/09/28/tasmanian-tiger-extinct-rna/70979669007/) 2. [TIGRR Lab](https://tigrrlab.science.unimelb.edu.au/) 3. [Science.org](https://www.science.org/content/article/bringing-back-woolly-mammoth-and-other-extinct-creatures-may-be-impossible) 4. [Wall Street Journal](https://www.wsj.com/articles/meet-the-scientists-bringing-extinct-species-back-from-the-dead-1539093600) 5. [Pharmacy Times](https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/crispr-technology-has-cured-patients-of-certain-genetic-diseases-but-not-all-patients-can-receive-it-due-to-cost-accessibility) 6. [New Scientist](https://www.newscientist.com/article/2128077-odds-that-tasmanian-tigers-are-still-alive-are-1-in-1-6-trillion/) 7. [CNET](https://www.cnet.com/science/biology/features/inside-the-plan-to-resurrect-australias-extinct-tasmanian-tiger/) 8. [Technology Networks](https://www.technologynetworks.com/genomics/articles/what-are-the-key-differences-between-dna-and-rna-296719)]]> Thanksgiving — The Frights of the Feast https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/thanksgiving-the-frights-of-the-feast https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/thanksgiving-the-frights-of-the-feast Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:35:53 GMT Food waste is a huge issue each Thanksgiving with a whopping 305 million pounds of food wasted, enough to feed over 150,000 people for an entire year. Millions of travelers on Thanksgiving travel far and wide to spend time with their families for the occasion, raising their carbon footprint and contributing to climate change. The well-known Macy’s Day Parade is slowly draining our limited helium reserves as huge floats are inflated each year. Photo by Claudio Schwarz on Unsplash When Americans think of Thanksgiving, their minds immediately jump to excessively long dining room tables with various arrays of delectable dishes for them to taste. Their mouths salivate over the idea of stuffing themselves near to bursting with turkey, mashed potatoes, stuffing, green beans, and let’s not forget, gravy. After being deemed a national holiday in 1863 by President Lincoln, Thanksgiving has been celebrated for over 150 years, giving birth to hundreds of different traditions across America. Over 90% of Americans take part in this food-based holiday every November, gorging themselves on food, spending the night catching up with family, and tumbling into bed exhausted, but content, at the end of the night. Most Americans view Thanksgiving as very surface level; there’s not much to it. You eat, talk, and sleep just like any other major holiday in the US. Nope — I’m here to tell you there’s more to Thanksgiving than what meets the eye. If you look past the mindless chit chat with relatives you haven’t seen in years, going around the dinner table saying what you’re grateful for, and of course, the food, Thanksgiving is one of the most wasteful holidays around.
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# Food Waste ![A generous display of Thanksgiving foods on a wooden table.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*c933ef_LfSr4zWf8)
Photo by Jed Owen on Unsplash
## Starvation in the US Almost every family overcooks for Thanksgiving; I know mine does almost every year. Although overcooking can seem like a bad thing, there are easy ways to repurpose your leftovers. An estimated 305 million pounds of food are wasted every Thanksgiving. The average American consumes 1,996 pounds of food annually. Food waste from Thanksgiving is enough to adequately feed approximately 153,000 people for an entire year. 9 million people die from starvation each year. If leftovers from a single meal could feed this many people, think of how many deaths from starvation could be avoided with leftovers from other holiday meals. ## Malthusian Theory The amount of people that throw out leftover food without giving it a second thought is mind-blowing. Food waste is a tremendous problem in today’s world, especially according to Malthusian theory. If you know anything about Malthusian theory, you know that humans are predicted to exceed the carrying capacity of Earth sometime in the near future. In layman’s terms, this means that the human population will continue to grow so much that there is not enough food to keep everyone alive and we will slowly but surely begin to die off. ## Scarcity Food is a scarce resource that takes time and energy to produce. Millions of acres of trees are cleared annually to make room for new plantations and farms. Still, food production can never seem to keep up with population growth. Food waste only contributes to this issue. If we devote so many resources and so much time to cultivating food for human consumption and we simply throw our extras away, we are not using our resources efficiently. Deforestation and the construction of artificial irrigation systems for these crops damage our environment significantly. If we continue to waste food at the rate we are now, these things will begin to occur on larger and larger scales until our environment is beyond the point of saving. ## Methane Emissions When people talk about emissions, they’re almost always talking about carbon dioxide emissions. But there’s a scarier, 80x more dangerous type of emission that isn’t talked about as much: methane emissions. Methane is another greenhouse gas that is actually more potent than carbon dioxide. The structure of methane molecules allows it to trap more heat than carbon dioxide, further contributing to climate change. When food rots in landfills, it undergoes chemical reactions that release methane into the atmosphere. Due to large amounts of food waste being deposited in landfills following nationwide Thanksgiving festivities, methane levels have been known to spike in the days following the holiday. 6–8% of all greenhouse gas emissions could be eliminated if food waste was reduced, especially on Thanksgiving night. ## Creative Solutions All of this talk about climate change and emissions can seem overwhelming. Don’t worry, you don’t have to give up the Thanksgiving dinner you’ve been waiting for all year. Here are some tips to help you plan out your festivities in a way that benefits the environment: 1. **Plan Ahead:** Determine how many people will be attending your Thanksgiving dinner and buy only enough food for that number of people. This will allow everyone to enjoy delectable Thanksgiving food all while minimizing leftovers. 2. **Freeze:** If your family is one of those who loves the look of a huge Thanksgiving feast, go for it. But, take care to freeze any leftovers you may have after dinner. Freezing preserves the food for as long as you want. This means when the turkey cravings start to hit again, you can set out the frozen turkey on the counter to thaw in the morning and have it ready to eat for dinner that night. 3. **Donate:** Check with your local shelters to see if they accept food donations. After the festivities have calmed on Thanksgiving day, drop off your untouched leftovers for others to enjoy. Also, if you know of any families in need in your area, most would appreciate a little bit of extra food on the holidays. 4. **Create Something New:** It’s a few days after Thanksgiving and you’ve eaten leftovers for every meal; we’ve all been there. Try whipping up something creative with your leftovers. Try a couple of different combos of turkey, potatoes, and veggies in a stir fry or soup to switch things up! 5. Whatever you do, don’t throw out your leftovers! Try one of these 4 things this year at Thanksgiving. Do your part to help our environment thrive. # Travel ![A long exposure image of traffic on a busy road.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*cxElrZ6KlOujh8dP)
Photo by Ma Joseph on Unsplash
## Record-Breaking Statistics This year, Thanksgiving travel has broken records with approximately 55.4 million people traveling for Thanksgiving. An estimated 49.1 million of those people will be driving to their destinations, whether that be a family’s house or a Friendsgiving event. Most Americans travel 50 miles or more to visit their loved ones. The average car emits about 411 grams of carbon dioxide per mile. If you assume 49.1 million people all drive 50 miles to their destinations, over 1,100 metric tons of carbon dioxide will be emitted on the days of travel leading up to Thanksgiving in 2023 alone. This doesn’t even take into account a significant amount of people who traveled more than 50 miles and the other 6.3 million people who traveled by train or plane. ## A Look Forward Carbon dioxide emissions are at an all-time high in 2023 and scientists predict that 2024 is on track to be the hottest year on record. If the situation is this dire now, imagine how much of an issue it will be 10 years from now when the US population is even larger and more people begin to travel for Thanksgiving. It seems as if carbon dioxide emissions are talked about constantly nowadays and many people brush off talk of climate change and global warming because they don’t want to be held accountable for their carbon footprint. ## The Gen Z Stereotype As a part of Gen Z, I have been told countless times growing up that it is up to my generation to find a solution for climate change and ensure that our world is able to survive and sustain life in the future. I have always felt unsettled by this idea that previous generations of people get to make the mess and then later generations are stuck cleaning up after them while they turn a blind eye to everything that’s happening because of their actions. It is up to all of us to reduce our carbon footprints in order to ensure that Earth stays habitable for years to come. There is something everyone can do to keep our planet safe. ## Travel Solutions Everyone loves traveling to visit family on Thanksgiving. Here are a couple of ways to cut down on your carbon emissions while still being able to spend the holidays surrounded by family! 1. **Location Choice:** If many families members are traveling from all over to celebrate together, host Thanksgiving at whoever’s house is the closest to everyone else’s. This option helps you reduce your carbon footprint and makes it so that your trip is a whole lot shorter. 2. **Carpool:** If you live near other family members or friends who are attending the same Thanksgiving dinner as you, consider carpooling. Carpooling reduces the number of cars used for travel, getting everyone to the right place on time all while emitting less carbon dioxide. 3. **Public Transportation:** Although public transportation is partially responsible for carbon dioxide emissions, if more people ride the same train or bus, less passenger vehicles are in use and the carbon footprint per capita decreases. # Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade ![A large golden float with a turkey on top in the Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*bvTOR_mbfYmO8ZkF.jpg) The Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade, which takes place in New York City every Thanksgiving morning, is a favorite with the American people. It attracts almost 3.5 million people to the city annually with an additional 27.4 million viewers watching from home. With its gigantic, colorful floats and celebrity performances, how could it not be a fan favorite? However, the parade raises some concerns in the community of environmentalists. ## Helium Consumption Several well-known characters have a balloon inflated in their honor each year, Kung Fu Panda, Bluey, and Snoopy among them. Although these balloons are fun to look at, the amount of helium used to inflate them is tremendous. Earth’s helium supply is extremely limited, so much so that experts are predicting we’ll run out within the next 50 years. 400,000–700,000 cubic feet of helium are used to fill up the Macy’s Day Parade balloons annually. If we continue to consume helium at this rate, our beloved Macy’s Day Parade will only be able to continue for a few more years. ## Transportation As mentioned before, 3.5 million people travel to New York City each year to celebrate Thanksgiving by watching the Macy’s Day Parade. Cars, trains, planes, and other forms of transportation are all major carbon dioxide emitters that contribute to climate change. In addition, large trucks are needed to transport floats to the parade each year. Trucks often have higher rates of carbon dioxide emissions than passenger vehicles because they are larger and designed to carry more weight. Overall, the collective carbon footprint for the Macy’s Day Parade is extremely high.
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# Recap ![A pie chart with carbon dioxide emissions for different Thanksgiving foods.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*ueUduGv9C0MsvflU.jpg) Food waste is a huge issue each Thanksgiving with a whopping 305 million pounds of food wasted, enough to feed over 150,000 people for an entire year. Millions of travelers on Thanksgiving travel far and wide to spend time with their families for the occasion, raising their carbon footprint and contributing to climate change. The well-known Macy’s Day Parade is slowly draining our limited helium reserves as huge floats are inflated each year. When you’re asked what you’re grateful for at Thanksgiving dinner, I bet you usually say your parents, a close friend, or food. I bet you haven’t expressed your gratitude for the environment, nature, or the outdoors. This year, switch it up for a change. Say it confidently and clearly, “I am grateful for the environment.” After all, without a healthy environment, there’d be no turkey on your Thanksgiving table. # References 1. [Climate Trade](https://climatetrade.com/the-carbon-story-behind-thanksgiving/#:~:text=Shipping%20foods%20over%20long%20distances,to%20methane%20emissions%20in%20landfills.) 2. [Fox News](https://www.fox29.com/news/thanksgiving-travel-2023-best-worst-times-to-drive) 3. [University of Minnesota](https://sustainable.umn.edu/thanksgiving) 4. [Delish](https://www.delish.com/food/news/a38886/average-americans-consume-one-ton-of-food-per-year/) 5. [World Wildlife](https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/fight-climate-change-by-preventing-food-waste#:~:text=When%20we%20waste%20food%2C%20we,more%20potent%20than%20carbon%20dioxide.) 6. [Macy’s Parade Wiki](https://macysthanksgiving.fandom.com/wiki/List_of_Balloons_that_require_the_most_helium#:~:text=Every%20year%2C%20approximately%20400%2C000%20to,helium%20to%20be%20fully%20inflated.) 7. [Inhabitat](https://inhabitat.com/is-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade-destroying-the-environment/)]]> Wicked Wasps https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/wicked-wasps https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/wicked-wasps Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:25:47 GMT German yellowjackets are an invasive species that entered the United States in the 1970s from either Europe, Northern Africa, or Asia. These aggressive wasps are known to cause a variety of health issues with their stings, such as toxic reactions, allergic reactions, secondary bacterial infections, and typical reactions. Photo by Flo on Unsplash During the spring, you’ve probably witnessed the beauty of nature. The flowers bloom, the butterflies flutter around, and the trees sport lush green leaves. You’re on a walk in the park when you suddenly feel a painful sting on your leg. The beautiful scene is shattered as you come face to face with a German yellowjacket wasp. These black-and-yellow-striped invasive insects seem to emerge in huge. amounts during the spring, attacking you for seemingly no reason as you try to enjoy your day. Now, you are faced with a painful sting that leaves behind swelling, itching, redness, and, in extreme cases, nausea and fatigue. An irritating sting is left behind to remind you of the yellowjacket wasps’ unanticipated quarrel with you.
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# Origins ![Hive filled with many wasps in a field](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Zju4Z3QTLZ4ijF0e)
Photo by Enrique Vidal Flores on Unsplash
There are many species of yellowjacket wasps, many of which are native to North America such as the North American yellowjacket, Eastern yellowjacket, Western yellowjacket, and Prairie yellowjacket. However, the German yellowjacket is one of many invasive species brought over from Europe, Asia, or North Africa. German yellowjackets first came to Canada in the 1960s. Later, they spread to the Northeastern United States in the 1970s and to the Pacific Northwest United States in the 1980s. These invasive insects then spread down the Eastern coast, where they reached Southern California in 1991 and established themselves as part of California’s ecosystem. The German yellowjacket integrated itself so forcefully into the Californian ecosystem that it is now far more common than any other yellowjacket wasp species in urban California. Nowadays, German yellowjacket wasps can be found all over the world, including in Chile, Argentina, New Zealand, and Australia. Unlike other yellowjacket species, these invasive German yellowjackets are usually regarded as pests. # Habitat ![A colony of wasps.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*sJyyIdkNpNBBPSUj)
Photo by Meggyn Pomerleau on Unsplash
In the United States, German yellowjackets are typically found in California and the Northeastern US. German yellowjackets typically build their nests in protected areas where the temperature will not limit their survival, which has led to many nests being built in buildings. German yellowjacket wasps may be found in the ground in burrows, a building’s walls, or the attic of a house. In Washington D.C., there was one nest found in an attic that measured 5 feet wide and 3 feet deep. Some German yellowjackets in areas such as New Zealand prefer to build their nests in the ground, as shown by a long-standing 14-foot-long and 5-foot-wide nest excavated in New Zealand’s ground. The proximity of the nests of these pests makes German yellowjackets a public health risk. These social wasps are particularly numerous in the summer because the life cycle of a German yellowjacket wasp colony includes a queen first finding a structurally sound cavity to survive the winter alone, and then starting a new colony in the springtime. The queen will birth eggs and fertilize some of them to become female German yellowjacket wasps and leave some unfertilized to become male. The queen wasp tends to her first group of worker wasps but later becomes bound to the nest to increase the size of the colony. These wasps grow in population at such a fast rate that by July or August, there may be 4,000 wasps or more within a nest that can span more than 2 feet wide. # Dangers of Sting Reactions ![A wasp preparing to take flight](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*XYQlKVE2d4NDVh14)
Photo by Duncan Sanchez on Unsplash
Like most insects, German yellowjackets are mainly interested in protecting their nest or home. However, German yellowjackets can be said to take this protective need to an extreme. German yellowjackets will attack you if you come within even a few feet of their nest unsuspectingly. When these wasps sting, they inject venomous fluid under the skin that can cause symptoms such as painful swelling, itching, redness, nausea, and fatigue in typical situations. To make it all worse, German yellowjackets have smooth stingers and can therefore sting multiple times, unlike our beloved honeybees, which die after stinging you once. Severely allergic individuals may have extreme reactions to German yellowjacket stings, however, no deaths have been attributed to the stings as of yet. Allergic reactions occur in individuals who have developed the antibody immunoglobulin E after a previous sting from the same type of insect venom. Allergic reactions may be mildly skin irritating or life-threatening, and can include swollen red bumps and flushing of the skin, or difficulty breathing due to pharynx epiglottis swelling or bronchial passage narrowing. Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction that may occur as a result of German yellowjacket stings. Anaphylaxis commonly occurs more often in males and individuals under 20 years of age. Severe allergic reactions can also include hypotension (low blood pressure, disturbances in blood circulation, and difficulty breathing) that can become cardiorespiratory arrest, which may be fatal. Most people who develop anaphylactic reactions to German yellowjackets have previously experienced yellowjacket wasp stings with little issue, but there is over a 50% risk of having a recurrent episode if anaphylaxis has already occurred. Less than 1% of all German yellowjacket sting reactions occur days or weeks after the initial sting. These delayed reactions may include symptoms of brain inflammation (encephalitis), nerve inflammation (neuritis), blood vessel inflammation, kidney inflammation, and blood clotting disturbances. To pair with delayed reactions, allergic reactions, and typical reactions, there is also the issue of toxic reactions to multiple German yellowjacket wasp stings. Toxic reactions occur as a result of a mass amount of toxic venom within the blood of an individual rather than an immune response such as the other reactions. Symptoms of a toxic reaction can include fever, diarrhea, nausea, headache, vomiting, convulsions, and fainting. Swollen red bumps or a rash and other skin-related symptoms are possible in toxic reactions, however, they are much more common in allergic reactions to German yellowjacket stings. Secondary bacterial infections from German yellowjacket sting sites are also not uncommon, as bacteria can develop in an untreated, uncleaned sting site. As can be seen by all the possible reactions to the sting of a German yellowjacket wasp, these wasps can be considered dangerous to people. # Environmental Impact ![Bees damaging the side of a structure.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*oFLbssVDze2c9Cmu)
Photo by Eric Ward on Unsplash
German yellowjackets are slowly but surely damaging our environment. Just by being an invasive species that is more aggressive than native yellowjacket species in the United States, these German yellowjackets are slowly taking the place of native yellowjacket wasps in our ecosystems. To add to this, these German yellowjacket nests release foul odors that attract flies and other scavenger insects to houses and buildings, which prevents these insects from performing their natural duty to break down organic materials and pollinate plants. German yellowjackets are also naturally carnivorous, so they will eat all these flies that are attracted to the nests and will even eat bees, which lowers the insect population that pollinates flowers, a crucial part of our ecosystem. Although German yellowjackets do also feast on flower nectar and sweet foods such as fruit, this too comes with its own negative effects, as these pests will attack people to obtain these foods. German yellowjackets are known to harass people at picnics, in bakeries, at candy factories, in stadiums to eat their spilled sodas, at theme parks, and more. To make it all worse, German yellowjackets often travel in packs, so if you are attacked by one wasp, it is likely all the wasps will attack. This can lead to multiple stings with a mass amount of venom, which can be extremely damaging to your health. Eradication of these active nests is difficult and costly, but necessary to prevent these scavenger insects from harassing humans, eating pollinators such as bees and flies, and emitting a foul odor that disrupts the natural order of the ecosystem. # Extermination ![The back of a German wasp on a flower](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*VAEqOY7d5um5XdLT)
Photo by Justin Mangano on Unsplash
To exterminate German yellowjackets, the only real option is to contact a professional pest control service. With German yellowjackets, plugging the nest entrance does not work because they are known to chew through the wood and interior wall coverings of the plugs to escape. If successful, German yellowjacket wasps will enter the living area of your home once they’ve chewed through the wall. Even spraying insecticide inside the nest proves futile in some cases, as these insects can just chew through the walls to escape the poisoned nest. Ridding yourself of these pests is extremely difficult such that the only option is to contact a professional pest management company to remove the nest. In the future, we may come up with more effective methods of reducing the population of German yellowjacket wasps as more research is conducted. At UC Riverside, research has shown that a synthetic chemical lure in traps can be used to detect these pests and determine if they will become troublesome. Research to develop area-wide baiting programs that are safe and effective is also being conducted. Pesticides have also been tested for their ability to deter yellowjackets. Many research studies are currently being conducted such that if research into deterring and reducing this invasive species’ population proves fruitful, extermination in the future may be more effective and straightforward.
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# Recap German yellowjackets are an invasive species that entered the United States in the 1970s from either Europe, Northern Africa, or Asia. These aggressive wasps are known to cause a variety of health issues with their stings, such as toxic reactions, allergic reactions, secondary bacterial infections, and typical reactions. German yellowjackets, often emerging in the summer, harass people and are known to damage the ecosystem by taking the place of native yellowjacket wasps and eating pollinators such as bees and flies. These pests often reside in attics, burrows in the ground, or a building’s walls. They are extremely difficult to remove from our ecosystem due to their ability to chew through wood and their nests in the event that their nest is compromised by pesticides. All in all, German yellowjackets are a danger to the people, our ecosystem, and the United States. # References 1. [Washington NatureMapping Program](http://naturemappingfoundation.org/natmap/facts/yellow_jacket_712.html) 2. [PennState Extension](https://extension.psu.edu/german-yellowjackets#:~:text=The%20German%20yellowjacket%20an%20invasive,nest%20and%20can%20sting%20repeatedly.&text=The%20German%20yellowjacket%20is%20a,the%20Pacific%20coast%20into%20California.) 3. [Orkin](https://www.orkin.com/pests/stinging-pests/yellow-jackets/yellow-jacket-stings) 4. [UC Riverside Center for Invasive Species Research](https://cisr.ucr.edu/invasive-species/german-yellowjacket#:~:text=The%20German%20yellowjacket%2C%20V.,becoming%20part%20of%20California's%20fauna.) 5. [MinnesotaSeasons.com](http://www.minnesotaseasons.com/Insects/German_yellowjacket.html#:~:text=It%20is%20native%20to%20Europe,1989%20it%20had%20reached%20California.)]]> Ladybug's Evil Twin https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/ladybugs-evil-twin https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/ladybugs-evil-twin Fri, 26 Jul 2024 03:00:29 GMT Asian lady beetles were brought here to act as pest control because people thought they did the job more efficiently than ladybugs. Unfortunately, these angry little beetles took America by swarm, killing off our beloved ladybugs and infesting our homes with their yellow goo and a foul stench Photo by Sander on Unsplash Everyone knows the sweet little insects known as ladybugs, especially with the rise of the popular cartoon, Miraculous Ladybug. These harmless bugs symbolize good luck and love, and are usually put on hair clips or little kids’ clothing. However, when was the last time you actually saw one in real life? Personally, I haven’t seen one since I was a child, and even so, they didn’t come about often. Plenty of other people can testify that ladybugs have now become a rarity. Or maybe you do recall seeing one recently, but it was clustered up in a corner of your house excreting a gross, putrid liquid that stained your clothes, or bit your hand when you tried to pick it up. It’s very likely that what you encountered wasn’t a ladybug at all, but instead was its evil twin from across the seas: the Asian lady beetle. You’re probably wondering, “What’s the difference? What are these ladybug imposters and why are they evil?” Well, the ladybugs we have come to know and love are docile and friendly. However, Asian lady beetles, ladybugs’ villainous counterparts, are not, and they weren’t even supposed to be here in the first place.
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# Origins ![Globe focused on Asia.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*qc9mhsdkK7PU8E6W)
Photo by Christian Lue on Unsplash
As you probably already have guessed from the name, Asian lady beetles, or Harmonia axyridis, originate from Asia, specifically China, Korea, Japan, and even Russia. After they invaded America and some parts of Canada, mainly in places with a lot of forest and orchards, they began to unleash chaos. There are many theories on how they were brought to America. One of the most popular and likely theories is that they were released into the wild on purpose in order to control pests since they were more efficient than ladybugs. Now they themselves have become pests. But how could these seemingly innocent insects that were brought here to help us end up being known as the ladybug’s evil twin? Well, for one, they’re just mean. Asian lady beetles are known to bite, and their bites can hurt. They’re tough enough to break skin and cause short-lived discomfort. They also produce a smelly, yellow liquid from their joints as a protection mechanism, and exposure to it may cause allergic reactions, and even asthma attacks. We aren’t even safe from them when they die, as exposure to dead Asian lady beetles can have the same adverse effects. Plus, they can stain your clothes. They’re also really annoying. Lady beetles love to cluster up in corners and cracks to stay warm in the winter, and what better place to do that than in our humble abodes? So they make themselves comfortable in our houses, and don’t even pay rent! Who doesn’t love having hundreds of putrid, yellow hemolymph-producing, allergy and asthma-inducing, biting beetles residing in the corner of your bedroom? # Environmental Impacts ![Hundreds of Asian lady beetles on strands of grass.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*NOstHRlxlRgOCGSH)
Photo by Austin Ban on Unsplash
You might be thinking, “Asian lady beetles may be aggressive freeloaders, but so is like half of the human population, so why are they such a problem?” However, not only are they a nuisance, they are murderers too. Asian lady beetles will feast on our crops once they run out of aphids, their preferred food source, to eat, which destroys our crops. These include apples, grapes, raspberries, and pumpkins. However, to their credit, lady beetles usually don’t feast on crops unless they are already slightly damaged by a pathogen or another creature. Apples are the only fruit that they eat without it already being punctured by something else. With grapes, their yellow fluid can leave a weird taste on the grapes the lady beetle lands on, making the wine made from them taste odd. Not only do they kill crops, but they are a huge factor in the decline of ladybugs. Asian lady beetles are slowly replacing ladybugs, preying on their larvae and pupae and taking over their jobs as pest control. Ladybugs are much more docile and much less annoying than their foreign cousins, while Asian lady beetles don’t have many natural predators, so they are much harder to get rid of and control. The problem is that since lady beetles have basically replaced ladybugs, and lady beetles are so hard to control, getting rid of them can be quite difficult. If we get rid of lady beetles, then we will have no one to eat the pests that damage our plants, since lady beetles are also killing off the other insect that also shares this job. Humans decided that the sweet and docile ladybug didn’t do its job well enough, so they invited a pest to America, and eventually weren’t able to control them. Now our ecosystem is permanently altered, and the bugs that were doing their job just fine, known to bring good luck and love, are slowly being exterminated by the disgusting insects we brought over. Unless we are able to exterminate all of the lady beetles and breed back all of the ladybugs, chances are that ladybugs will be forever replaced by the Asian lady beetle in the near future. # Identification ![Asian lady beetle on a leaf](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*gA7DF4JbxYxoZqpW)
This here is an Asian lady beetle. Notice how its head is more white than black, its body more orange than bright red, its ovular shape, and its abundance of spots. (Photo by Vincent van Zalinge on Unsplash)
There are ways to distinguish an Asian lady beetle from a ladybug, since their imitation isn’t perfect. For one, Asian lady beetles are slightly larger than ladybugs, with them being 7mm long and 5.5mm wide, having more of an oval shape while ladybugs are more circular. Ladybugs also have a more vibrant red color, but lady beetles’ color can vary from red to orange, and can even be tan. Pay attention to the spots as well. Ladybugs have a distinct pattern with exactly 7 spots, one large spot at the top of its shell, and then three on each wing that form a pattern similar to the holes of a bowling ball. One on top, then two on the bottom. Lady beetles either have more than 7 spots or no spots at all. Asian lady beetles also have a white M shape on the top of their heads, but ladybugs have black heads with only two white dots on the sides that look like eyes. Overall, ladybugs are just much cuter to look at. ![Ladybug on a flower.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*WGOlF9GoHag9v8LM)
This is a ladybug. Its color is a much darker, vibrant red and it has 7 spots, with one large one on the top of the shell. Its body is more circular and its head is mostly black, with only two white dots on the sides. (Photo by Diana Parkhouse on Unsplash)
# Extermination ![Asian lady beetle on a closed flower.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*DTX3doW_rBlrZHZd)
Photo by Michael Anfang on Unsplash
If you’re ever unfortunate enough to have a lady beetle invasion, there are some ways to get rid of them. ## Vacuuming: One of the easiest and least expensive ways to rid yourself of these insects is to simply use a vacuum and suck them up. You could use a broom to do the job, but that will likely result in yellow streaks on your floors, walls, ceilings, and broom. You can decide to release them after, or kill them. The second option is recommended. ## Sealing entry points: The best way of getting rid of Asian lady beetles is to prevent them from coming into your house in the first place. Mend any cracks in your windows, and seal spaces in your doors and cracks outside your house with caulk or silicone. Although this won’t get rid of the Asian lady beetles, it will prevent them from entering your house in the first place. ## Pesticides: To exterminate bugs from the outside of your home, pesticides are the best way. Try to look for pesticides with the following ingredients: - bifenthrin - cyfluthrin - cypermethrin - deltamethrin - permethrin You can also hire a professional exterminator. This may not be a permanent solution, but it will rid you of the bugs for a while.
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# Recap ![Ladybug on a daisy.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*jaJidXCvMdkkDfyW)
Photo by Greg Rosenke on Unsplash
Asian lady beetles were brought here to act as pest control because people thought they did the job more efficiently than ladybugs. Unfortunately, these angry little beetles took America by swarm, killing off our beloved ladybugs and infesting our homes with their yellow goo and a foul stench. Since they have been here for so long, they’ve now become an integral part of the ecosystem as they’ve caused the ladybug population to decrease dramatically, taking their place as the local pest control. This lands us in a predicament since we can’t exactly kill them off because they protect our crops from aphids that destroy them. However, lady beetles also destroy our crops and hurt the ladybug population. Even if we do try to rid ourselves of the lady beetles and replenish the ladybug population, they’re so plentiful and so hard to control that such a feat would take years. At that point, ladybugs may already be a thing of the past. So do we kill every Asian lady beetle we come across or do we let them take over? No one really knows what the best plan of action is, but if your home is infested with these insects, then it wouldn’t hurt to kill them off. And if you do miraculously find that round, bright red insect with 7 black spots and 2 white dots on its head, admire this rare cutie, be careful with it, make sure it’s safe, and make a wish before it flies away. You never know, it may be the last time you ever see one. # References 1. [University of Minnesota Extension](https://extension.umn.edu/nuisance-insects/multicolored-asian-lady-beetles) 2. [Farm and Dairy](https://www.farmanddairy.com/top-stories/how-to-spot-the-differences-between-ladybugs-and-asian-lady-beetles/744374.html#:~:text=The%20convergent%20lady%20beetle%20is,or%20ladybugs%20dominated%20North%20America.) 3. [University of Kentucky](https://entomology.ca.uky.edu/ef416#:~:text=The%20beetle%20is%20native%20to,U.S.%20and%20parts%20of%20Canada) 4. [Plunkett’s Pest Control](https://plunketts.net/blog/ladybugs-vs-asian-lady-beetles)]]> Spotted Terrors https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/spotted-terrors https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/spotted-terrors Fri, 26 Jul 2024 02:53:00 GMT The spread of the spotted lanternfly to new countries, with its alarming ecological and economic impacts, is a challenge that requires immediate collective action. Understanding what lanternflies are, their life cycle, and their impact on the environment is the first step toward regulating the growth of this invasive species. ... # Origins & Spread ![A visual representation of the spread of spotted lanternflies across the United States.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*OLiaxBYYkVMS1gVP.png) The spotted lanternfly originated in China and Vietnam. However, this invasive species has spread rapidly around the world to countries including Korea, Japan, and the United States. It’s interesting to consider how an environment determines whether or not a species is invasive. China, a country with many predators for spotted lanternflies, has not been impacted by them as harshly as other countries because predators have been able to regulate the lanternfly population. Unfortunately, this is not the case in most other countries. ## Korea Lanternflies have devastated South Korea in the past 20 years. 3 years after its introduction to the region in 2004, lanternflies began raising serious economic concerns. They fed on grapevines, fruit trees, ornamental trees, and timber, damaging them beyond use. Not only does this cause habitat loss and decrease the amount of food available for other organisms, but decreases crop yields that farmers rely on to make profit. ## Japan In Japan, the arrival of the spotted lanternfly has also provoked difficulties including substantial crop loss, disruptions in exports, and an escalation in management costs. The lanternflies’ presence has not only impacted local agriculture but also posed a significant threat to the country’s economic and ecological landscape, similar to the situation in South Korea. ## United States Spotted lanternflies first appeared in the United States in 2014 in Pennsylvania. They were thought to have arrived as egg masses on a stone shipment in 2012. Since then, they have spread to neighboring states, causing alarm among agricultural communities and environmentalists alike. Their rapid expansion can be associated with their high reproductive rates and ability to survive in many different environments. # Life Cycle ![Image of the life cycle of the Spotted Lanternfly](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*1BErTiZrpreRRepn0vFuIg.png)
Illustration courtesy of Molly Schafer
The life cycle of lanternflies consists of four distinct stages: egg, nymph, adult, and death. Adult lanternflies typically lay their egg masses on a variety of surfaces, such as trees and outdoor furniture, during late summer or early fall. Each egg mass can contain 30–50 eggs. When these eggs hatch in spring, nymphs emerge, resembling miniature insects with a combination of black and red markings. Throughout their growth, they undergo several molts, eventually maturing into the adult lanternflies. Their entire life cycle, from egg to death, spans approximately one year. Despite the relatively short life cycle of this species, the population of lanternflies has rapidly increased, raising concerns among environmentalists. Daniel Strömbom and Swati Pandey, biology researchers at Lafayette College, estimate that the annual population growth rate of spotted lanternflies is 5.47. This means, on average, each spotted lanternfly gives birth to five or six baby spotted lanternflies each year. # Environmental Impacts ![A cluster of lanternflies completely covering a tree trunk.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*vqogvnHRTE9UexJCPj1ulw.jpeg) ## Deforestation & Plant Damage One of the most immediate and concerning environmental impacts of lanternflies is their fondness of feeding on plant sap. When these insects pierce plants with their proboscises, the plants are weakened significantly and become more susceptible to disease as a result. The spotted lanternfly likes to target woody species, mainly trees. When lanternflies choose to infest and weaken trees, they become more prone to storm damage, pest issues, and disease. In addition to direct damage, lanternflies contribute indirectly to the spread of other invasive plant species. They excrete a sugary substance called honeydew, which encourages the growth of sooty mold on plants. Mold makes most native species living in a region unable to consume the plant safely which severely limits their food supply. In this way, invasive species such as lanternflies eliminate native species and clear the way for the invasion of generalist, non-native species. ## Disruption of Local Ecosystems Furthermore, lanternflies can impact local ecosystems harshly. Ecosystems including these lanternflies often lack a sustainable balance because rapid reproduction causes the population of lanternflies to excede that of any other species. Predators are vital to these ecosystems in order to keep the spotted lanternfly population in check. Take cows for example. Cows have natural predators, such as coyotes, mountain lions, and bobcats, that keep the cow population in check. What would happen if their natural predators disappeared? The cow population would start to increase as cows continued to reproduce with nothing killing them off. Cows, who depend on grass to survive, would begin overgrazing to the point where almost all the grass in their habitat would be consumed. Following this, the cow population would experience a dieback. Essentially, lanternflies are causing the same thing to happen in ecosystems they’re invading. In China, wasps help regulate lanternfly populations by consuming their eggs. However, these particular wasps are not as abundant in the areas the lanternfly has invaded such as the United States, Korea, and Japan. Without natural predators, they’re able to completely take over an area and steal resources that other species in the area rely on, specifically trees. But, many other animals and insects depend on trees for shelter and food. Lanternflies outcompete native species for this resource, causing populations of native species to dwindle. ## Economic Consequences The agricultural industry also faces significant threats from lanternflies. These pests have been known to damage crops including grapes, apples, and stone fruits, causing considerable financial losses for farmers. Beyond the loss of crops, they can also disrupt the agricultural supply chain, potentially leading to higher food prices for consumers. In Pennsylvania alone, where they were first identified, it is predicted that the spotted lanternfly will cause $324 million in damage and the loss of 2,800 jobs. If the lanternfly population remains unchecked, both environmental and economic repercussions will ensue. ## Recreational Impact Beyond their effects on the environment and the economy, spotted lanternflies also alter the visual appearance of scenic vistas like parks and gardens. They damage the natural beauty of plants by feeding on them. Instead of seeing a garden full of vibrant flowers or a park with the tallest green trees, you’ll see a barren wasteland of wilting leaves and dead crops. This disruption reduces the value of recreational activities that many people take part in. Activities such as picnicking and hiking may lose some of their appeal following the introduction of lanternflies and tourists may be discouraged from visiting, potentially leading to economic consequences in these areas. # What can YOU do to help? ![18 types of lanternflies in different colors, shapes, and sizes.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*pdfZh5jWkiJg6XXFazCv7w.jpeg) **Early Detection and Reporting:** Educate yourself about lanternflies’ appearance and behaviors. If you spot one, report it to local authorities or relevant agencies, especially if lanternflies are not commonly found in your area. Early detection is crucial in controlling their spread. **Tree Banding:** Wrap trees with sticky bands to trap nymphs and adult lanternflies. This is an effective and environmentally friendly way to reduce their numbers. **Chemical Control:** In the case of severe infestations, chemical insecticides can be used to manage lanternfly populations. However, this should be done carefully and with consideration of the impact of insecticides on other species in the area. **Destroy Egg Masses:** In the fall and winter, look for egg masses on trees and outdoor objects. Scraping them off and destroying them can prevent the next generation of lanternflies from hatching. **Quarantine Measures:** Follow any quarantine regulations in your area. Avoid transporting firewood, outdoor equipment, and vehicles that might harbor lanternfly eggs. **Support Scientific Research:** Encourage and support scientific research into the management of lanternflies. Donate to local research efforts! Knowledge is key to developing effective control strategies. **Advocate for Local Policies:** Advocate for policies and initiatives at the local and state level that support the fight against lanternflies and provide resources for prevention and control.
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# Recap The spread of the spotted lanternfly to new countries, with its alarming ecological and economic impacts, is a challenge that requires immediate collective action. Understanding what lanternflies are, their life cycle, and their impact on the environment is the first step toward regulating the growth of this invasive species. Help prevent the spread of these pests by reporting lanternflies if you spot them, using effective control methods, supporting research, and advocating for regulatory policies. Together, we can help mitigate the spread of lanternflies to protect our ecosystems and economies. Like everything, it will be a challenge, but one that we can overcome with collective effort to establish a healthier and more sustainable future. # References 1. [Lafayette College](https://news.lafayette.edu/2021/08/02/new-research-helps-battle-against-spotted-lanternfly/) 2. [APHIS](https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/resources/pests-diseases/hungry-pests/the-threat/spotted-lanternfly/spotted-lanternfly) 3. [Pennsylvania Agriculture](https://www.agriculture.pa.gov/Plants_Land_Water/PlantIndustry/Entomology/spotted_lanternfly/SpottedLanternflyAlert/Pages/default.aspx) 4. [NHM](https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/whats-so-bad-about-the-spotted-lanternfly.html#:~:text=Spotted%20lanternflies%20cause%20damage%20to,their%20diet%20encouraging%20fungal%20disease.) 5. [PSU](https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-guide)]]> Fast Fashion in Vietnam https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/fast-fashion-in-vietnam https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/fast-fashion-in-vietnam Fri, 26 Jul 2024 02:45:52 GMT Vietnam is often exploited by fast fashion companies for cheap labor. Although garment workers in Vietnam typically do make minimum wage, they often don’t make a livable wage, leading them to work many hours overtime. Photo by Bin Thiều on Unsplash We all know that feeling, a mixture of relief and satisfaction when you’re shopping in the mall and come across an article of clothing you really like that happens to be flashing its “50% off!” sticker. You’re relieved that you can buy a new pair of pants without breaking your bank account — and your heart. It’s great, and beneficial for everyone, right? Unfortunately, no good thing comes without a hefty price, even if we aren’t the ones paying it.
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# The Production Problem ![A beautiful image of a lake in the midst of a mountain range in Vietnam.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*lAKU9W04yYpdrzos)
Photo by Ruslan Bardash on Unsplash
Vietnam, a Southeast Asian country located in Indochina, is widely known for its delicious pho and unique egg coffee. What isn’t widely known is that Vietnam is the world’s third-most garment exporting country, right behind China and Bangladesh, housing factories for some of the most popular fast fashion brands such as Zara and H&M. Vietnam has over 6,000 sweatshop factories that employ over 3 million people, people who work their hands raw just to barely provide their families with food and shelter. It’s the unfortunate truth that almost every clothing item sold in mass production at your local mall is likely made at the expense of the hard labor of a mother, working herself to death to provide for her children. This doesn’t even factor in the copious amounts of hazardous waste, water consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions caused by those very same sweatshops and factories. Fast fashion is incredibly detrimental to both the people of Vietnam and the future of the environment. # Ethics in the Garment Industry ![Laborers in a garment factory on the outskirts of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Wz1sYWWYILiQ44j0.jpg)
Photo by Aaron Santos on Flickr
Many, if not most, companies, specifically those originating from wealthy first-world countries, often outsource their work to countries where labor laws aren’t put in place, or at least aren’t strictly followed, such as in Vietnam. One such company is Nike, which hired 10,000 workers in the Tae Kwang Vina factory in 1995. An audit conducted by Ernst & Young found that 107 of these workers were under the age of 18. Not only that, they were also working with adhesive cleaning chemicals that were extremely dangerous to workers and the environment. Now, Nike has supposedly made changes to become a “zero waste” company, benefiting both the environment and Vietnamese workers. However, to nobody’s surprise, there are still plenty of ethical and environmental problems that exist in Vietnam sweatshops, even though one corporate company has “changed” its ways. Even though Vietnam garment workers make above the minimum wage in Vietnam, with them making $248 and the minimum wage being $125–180, employees still need to work overtime just to survive. They may make nearly double the minimum wage in Vietnam, but minimum wage is different from livable wage. Livable wage is the standard amount of income needed to afford basic necessities to live, such as food, clothing, housing, education, and healthcare. Just because someone makes minimum wage doesn’t mean that they’re able to support themselves and their family. It’s common for workers to work over 50 hours of overtime a month, according to the Fair Labor Association (FLA), and many are still going to bed hungry because they can’t afford dinner. These corporate companies pressure factory owners to keep the workers' salaries below livable wage in order to keep clothing prices low once they’re exported and sold in our local malls. The president of the FLA, Sharon Waxman, asked Vietnam’s labor ministry via email to raise the wages of the workers, but she was ignored completely. Basically, these companies use the Vietnam workforce as “modern slavery,” working them to the bone while reaping all the benefits. # Women in Factories ![A woman strolling down an alleyway in Vietnam.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*GsuzO7NU02JxGWlG)
Photo by Thijs Degenkamp on Unsplash
You may already have known or heard about the instances of abuse that workers suffer at the hands of corporate companies. However, most people are ignorant of the abhorrent treatment women receive in these factories specifically. These abuses range from verbal to physical depending on the severity of the situation. Dr. Jane Phillinger, a gender-based expert, interviewed some of the women working in these factories. A heartbreaking percentage of women, close to 50%, experienced violence in the workplace, and possibly even more since many refused to answer the questions for fear of punishment from their employers or husbands. Younger, better-educated women tended to experience worse forms of treatment. Of the 2 million people working in garment production, 80% are women. Among them, 49.5% of women from the 763 interviewed reported having experienced violence or harassment just commuting to and from their homes to work. 87.7% of the women who experienced harassment in the workplace described receiving inappropriate comments about their bodies or sexual innuendos and jokes while working. 34.3% of them claimed to have been physically harassed. 28.9% reported non-verbal harassment, including gawking, obscene sounds or gestures, offensive emails or texts, and being followed home. Additionally, they have to work overtime on top of their 12–13 hour workdays, ranging from 60–90 hours of overtime. A lot of women reported that their overtime went unpaid. In all those hours of strenuous work, not even a break to the restroom was permitted without repercussions. One worker stated that if the workers use the toilet too often, it is considered an absence and their pay is docked. Even with the #MeToo movement spreading on social media, many women in this industry are still afraid of speaking up. # Environmental Issues ![Mannequins with black and white clothing in storefront windows.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*QTPR8io31qSqzDUA)
Photo by Clem Onojeghuo on Unsplash
Vietnamese sweatshops don’t just harm the employees working in them, but also the environment. In fact, the people of Vietnam have made attempts to protest against the textile companies’ negative environmental impact. The Vietnamese villagers of Hai Duong set up barricades in 2017 in an attempt to shut down the Pacific Crystal textiles mill, which had been spilling toxic waste from the water discharged from the factory. The villagers started to notice a foul smell that they couldn’t place. The smell was investigated, and it was found that the cause was the water expelled from the factory, which had breached the limits for acidity and alkalinity balance. They then set up a blockade on April 12, with the intention of shutting down the Pacific Crystal textiles company. Despite making their motives clear, the head of the company’s social responsibility, Eugine Cheng, stated that “We did not understand the reason or motive behind them to shut down the factory as some of the villagers’ relatives are also working for our factory.” Vietnamese companies have become more cautious in regards to factories and their impact on increasing pollution in Vietnam, but it’s still far from perfect. Factories still use absurd amounts of water, produce huge amounts of greenhouse gasses, create toxic waste, and throw out thousands upon thousands of tons of discarded clothing items. # Efforts for Change ![A thrift store with clothes and shoes.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*GI-EV_6WBalRS0Ct)
Photo by Kaylin Pacheco on Unsplash
Lately, factories have been trying to go greener, using sustainable fibers and biodegradable materials, recycling plastics and fabrics to make textiles, and using natural sources to dye their fabrics. Companies like H&M and Zara began to collect recycled clothes to repurpose, in exchange for in-store discounts. Companies have also started putting more regulations on their labor practices, but since everything is mostly confidential, they may not make too much of an effort to improve. Obviously, these factories are still far from perfect, and while improvements have been made over the years, it’s not enough for them to deserve a standing ovation. It’s hard, because the reason consumers are able to find such affordable clothing is because of the low wages that factory owners give their employees. And even so, some of the clothing prices can still be a little ridiculous. So, spending even more money on ethical, environmentally friendly alternatives can be challenging. What other options do we have? ## Alternatives One popular alternative is thrift stores. Thrift stores often sell clothes at much cheaper prices, and with great variety. Learning to make or alter your own clothes can be helpful as well. It can be hard to find your size in thrift stores, so being able to alter your clothes can really come in handy. You can also donate your own unwanted clothes to thrift stores instead of throwing them away. Additionally, there are online platforms such as Etsy or Depop that allow consumers to buy, trade, and sell clothes at lower prices than in stores. It’s also important to note that not all fashion brands are unethical. Brands like Kotn, Boden, and Tentree are all environmentally friendly and sustainable fashion brands.
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# Recap Vietnam is often exploited by fast fashion companies for cheap labor. Although garment workers in Vietnam typically do make minimum wage, they often don’t make a livable wage, leading them to work many hours overtime. Women in Vietnamese factories often suffer both physical and verbal abuse from factory owners and supervisors. Vietnamese clothing factories are responsible for the production of toxic waste, release of greenhouse gases, and pollution of waterways. One example of this is the Pacific Crystal textile mills that were found to have been releasing toxic waste into nearby water sources. Although some companies have been making attempts to become more sustainable, consumers can help too. Shopping at thrift stores can be a great way to save money, as can reselling online on stores such as Etsy or Depop. If sustainable or environmentally friendly brands are your priority, brands such as Kotn, Boden, and Tentree are good options. # References 1. [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/apr/07/violence-sexual-abuse-vietnam-garment-factory?fbclid=IwAR17LpHu5cpMf3IGMlTkTMVL8pKC7ZuleUbsDrBrU9mz7J1A8tXUjCwLqVY) 2. [Thomson Reuters Corporation](https://reuters.com/article/us-vietnam-garment-labour/harsh-tactics-used-to-keep-wages-low-for-vietnamese-garment-workers-idUSKCN1RN0ZT/) 3. [Thomson Reuters Corporation](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vietnam-pollution/vietnam-pollution-fight-hits-supplier-to-global-fashion-brands-idUSKBN1A60GO/) 4. [Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology](https://www.rmit.edu.vn/news/all-news/2020/june/vietnam-s-fashion-and-textile-industries-must-become-sustainable) 5. [Borgen Magazine](https://www.borgenmagazine.com/vietnamese-factory-workers/#:~:text=Minimum%20Wage%20Issues&text=These%20large%20clothing%20chains%20have,surveyed%2013%2C000%20workers%20in%20Vietnam.) 6. [Borgen Project](https://borgenproject.org/alternatives-to-fast-fashion/) 7. [Just Style](https://www.just-style.com/features/vietnam-garment-workers-rely-on-excessive-overtime/) ]]> Fast Fashion in Bangladesh https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/fast-fashion-in-banglades https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/fast-fashion-in-banglades Fri, 26 Jul 2024 02:38:14 GMT Bangladesh is the second biggest clothing producer in the world. Many clothing companies outsource production to Bangladesh due to its high quantity of skilled laborers that are willing to work for low wages. This leads to unethical labor practices such as underpaying workers, unsafe factory environments, and the use of child labor. Photo by lan deng on Unsplash The reaction most shoppers have when they see a sign that says “SALE” or “DISCOUNT” is immediately going for their wallet and retrieving their credit card. They grab everything they can find off the shelves and splurge their hard-earned money so they don’t have to pay more for clothes at a later date. Although sales are ideal for most shoppers, they cause harm to the environment and laborers in the fast fashion industry. In order to make trendy clothes so inexpensive, companies cut costs on environment-friendly clothing materials and employee wages. When you think about it, even though a price drop can be beneficial in the short run, it can cause serious damage in the long run.
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# Bangladesh Background ![A map with Bangladesh pinpointed.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*w1pyu9fDTC_4eUCy)
Butterflytours.com.bd
Bangladesh, a country South Asia, has quickly become a country that is heavily focused on clothing production. According to the International Labor Organization, 82% of Bangladesh’s export revenue is made through clothing production. Bangladesh is a popular sourcing hub for clothing companies due to its significant supply of skilled laborers and modern technology. Additionally, Bangladeshi laborers are paid very little, making Bangladesh an area where fast fashion companies can produce high quantities of clothing at lower prices. Since minimum wage in Bangladesh is lower than minimum wages in other nearby countries such as China, Cambodia, and Vietnam, companies view Bangladesh as a perfect source of cheap labor. Some clothing companies based largely in Bangladesh include Tommy Hilfiger, Gap, Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren, Giorgio Armani, and H&M. High demand for these brands in the US and Europe are increasing pressure on Bangladeshi laborers to produce more efficiently. # Ethics in Clothing Manufacturing ## Employee Wages ![Bangladeshi laborers folding jeans on a worktable.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/format:webp/0*D5jCOza7MH8BlP82.jpg)
The Washington Post
It is said that the average amount of money a garment worker earns in a month is anywhere from $25 to $75 per month. Many workers are forced to work overtime for 18 hours per day with no additional pay or compensation. Then why do Bangladeshi laborers work in the fashion industry? Currently, 35 million people live below the poverty line in Bangladesh. Most citizens are willing to take any job that helps support themselves and their families, no matter how meager the wages are. Many are only able to afford one meal per day and live their lives in a severe state of hunger and malnutrition. ## Safety Hazards ![A raging fire with unused fire extinguishers in the background.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*H6Taf1dOV1UZ-gnq)
Photo by Matt C on Unsplash
In garment factories in Bangladesh, video evidence has been published that shows just how dangerous working conditions are for laborers in these factories. Emergency exits are locked to keep employees working and prevent them from running. Safety equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire blankets are scarce, leaving workers with no protection in the case of a fire. Recently, efforts have been made through the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in 2013 to create a safer atmosphere for laborers in the Bangladesh garment industry. Retailers such as H&M and Primark have signed this agreement and begun to implement new safety measures in their workspaces throughout Bangladesh. ## Child Labor ![Children working in a clothing store.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*97HYthlzQAtbVhOn)
Photo by billow926 on Unsplash
Unfortunately, child labor is still used in many countries around the world to perform tasks that are more efficiently carried out by children. A benefit that many corporations see to child labor is that they don’t have to be paid as much as adults and can therefore be exploited to produce goods more inexpensively. This practice is unethical and denies children the right to an education. It has been reported that certain factories in Bangladesh force children to work 11 hour shifts. These children work for 11 hours straight with no breaks in their workday. This prolonged work has severe health effects on Bangladeshi children including exhaustion and malnutrition. ## Rana Plaza Factory Collapse ![The collapse of the Rana Plaza garment factory in 2013.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*VIQS053WkIyXfgK5) On April 24th, 2013 the Rana Plaza garment factory collapsed in Bangladesh with thousands of workers inside. The building was poorly constructed with unsturdy materials on top of a filled-in pond. Structural cracks in the lower floors on the building caused the entire structure to collapse in on itself, killing over 1,100 people working in the factory that day. Over twice that amount, approximately 2,500 people, were injured during the incident from flying debris and rubble. Unfortunately, this incident could have been prevented. The structural cracks in the lower floors on the building were discovered a day prior to the event. Despite this, factory owners did not close the factory down for repairs or notify employees. The thousands of deaths that occurred that day could’ve easily been avoided if factory owners were more focused on the safety of their workers and less focused on meeting production quotas. ## Environmental Impact ![A man attempting to push his bike through flooded streets.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*3M8rWnbehM22nJfi)
CNN
Producing massive quantities of clothing has a huge environmental cost. Fast fashion companies generally disregard the negative impact clothing production has on the environment, just as they disregard the wellbeing of their employees. Various accounts have emerged of toxic clothing dyes and industrial waste being dumped into bodies of water in Bangladesh. According to CNN, 1/5 of water waste comes from fashion production. Dyes have polluted the Buriganga river so extensively that it appears black for the vast majority of the year. Citizens of Bangladesh that depend on this river for drinking water or fishing have been devastated by the pollution of this major waterway. Many factories also don’t dispose of their trash properly, causing a buildup of plastic in landfills, water sources, and even the streets of Bangladesh. According to the Bangladesh Department of Environment, 21,600 cubic meters of toxic waste and trash are released into the Buriganga River daily. Clothing production is known to use a massive amount of water. The United Nations states that 7,500 liters of water are needed to produce a single pair of jeans from start to finish. 42.5% of people living in Bangladesh do not have access to clean, safe drinking water. We need to begin to ask ourselves whether the need to look trendy when leaving the house is more important than the need for safe drinking water worldwide. ## Impact of Pollution on Developing Countries ![A large factory emitting carbon dioxide.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*RjtJa07eMYBeobLg)
Photo by Kouji Tsuru on Unsplash
Bangladesh is a developing country that is not as economically or socially advanced as developed countries. Money is almost always put towards housing and food because such a large portion of Bangladeshi citizens live in poverty without access to proper shelter and basic necessities. Because of this, Bangladesh does not have the proper funds to allocate towards environmental protection. Developing countries tend to offer labor at cheaper prices which is taken advantage of by fast fashion companies. Because clothing production is so prominent in these countries, issues such as water pollution and carbon emissions that come along with it are even more pronounced in these countries than in developing countries. In the end, the countries that are the least equipped to handle environmental catastrophe financially are the ones that suffer the most from it. Fast fashion companies that outsource clothing production are a huge part of this problem. Since trends are constantly changing, these companies drastically alter the kinds of clothing they produce every couple of weeks. This results in the buildup of tons upon tons of clothing in landfills and rivers as old trends are discarded and new ones emerge. As tremendous amounts of discarded clothing ends up in rivers, water levels rise and flooding becomes a more common occurrence. Flooding can destroy infrastructure, displace thousands of people, and endanger marine life. As opposed to developing countries, developed countries are more fortunate in that they have funds to start recycling and donation projects to help protect our environment. Developed countries such as the US need to take a more active role in helping developing countries such as Bangladesh manage waste and pollution issues. # Efforts for Change ![A closet crammed with shirts on hangers.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*_D0nNSzctCfSgOHb)
Photo by Priscilla Du Preez 🇨🇦 on Unsplash
Companies are becoming more aware of the environmental impact of clothing production. For example, H&M is now trying to create more environment-friendly products by using multi-use packaging and renewable energy sources in the production of their clothes. Many companies have also set up donation drives where people can discard unwanted clothing in a safe way. Fast fashion companies are not entirely responsible for reducing their environmental impact; consumers can make a difference too. Consumers have the power to choose where they shop and what brands they support. For example, recently many consumers have turned away from purchasing Shein products since more has been revealed to the public about its unethical labor practices and contributions to carbon emissions in China. In addition, being conscious of wants versus needs can help to prevent clothing waste. Instead of going clothes shopping every time there’s a new trend, ask yourself the following questions: - Is this item essential? - Will I wear this at least 20 times? - How was this item produced?
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# Recap Bangladesh is the second biggest clothing producer in the world. Many clothing companies outsource production to Bangladesh due to its high quantity of skilled laborers that are willing to work for low wages. This leads to unethical labor practices such as underpaying workers, unsafe factory environments, and the use of child labor. Rivers in Bangladesh have experienced extreme levels of pollution from textile dyes, industrial waste, and discarded clothing, leaving thousands of citizens without safe drinking water. As fast fashion companies and consumers become more conscious of the environmental consequences of their choices, clothing practices will hopefully shift to become more sustainable in the long run. # References 1. [International Labor Organization](https://webapps.ilo.org/infostories/en-GB/Stories/Country-Focus/rana-plaza#intro) 2. [CNN](https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/style/article/rana-plaza-garment-worker-rights-accord/index.html) 3. [CNN](https://www.cnn.com/style/article/dyeing-pollution-fashion-intl-hnk-dst-sept/index.html) 4. [Real Stores- YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=W4IIBw30uWE&pp=ygUcQmFuZ2xhZGVzaCB0ZXh0aWxlIGZhY3Rvcmllcw%3D%3D) 5. [DW Documentary- YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=q7Q-r0kw7VI&pp=ygUaZCB3IGRvY3VtZW50YXJ5IGJhbmdsYWRlc2g%3D) 6. [The World Bank](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/03/28/bangladesh-needs-urgent-actions-to-curb-air-pollution) 7. [Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bangladesh-climate-fashion-trfn-idUSKBN2AB1T6/) 8. [Asia Media International](https://asiamedia.lmu.edu/2021/07/05/bangladesh-lets-slow-down-on-fast-fashion/) 9. [The Borgen Project](https://borgenproject.org/fast-fashion-in-bangladesh/) 10. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/28/business/bangladesh-worker-safety-accord.html) 11. [EPIC](https://epic.uchicago.edu/news/why-environmental-quality-is-poor-in-developing-countries-a-primer/) 12. [H & M](https://www2.hm.com/en_us/sustainability-at-hm/our-work/clean-up.html) 13. [Good On You](https://goodonyou.eco/most-ethical-and-sustainable-clothing-brands-from-us/)]]> Fast Fashion in China https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/fast-fashion-in-china https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/fast-fashion-in-china Fri, 26 Jul 2024 02:26:06 GMT When you look beyond the low prices and trendy clothes, fast fashion is extremely detrimental to our environment and encourages unjust labor practices. Chinese laborers are subject to unsanitary, dangerous working conditions in sweatshops and are paid well below minimum wage. Photo by freestocks on Unsplash If you’ve ever looked at the tags on your clothes, you’ve probably noticed that most say Made In China. Because China is overpopulated, many Chinese people are unemployed or have jobs that pay them below minimum wage. 85% of laborers in China live in poverty in rural areas, causing many to end up in sweatshops while seeking employment opportunities to escape poverty and support their families. Fast fashion companies establish sweatshops in China in order to take advantage of the economic situations of Chinese workers. While trying to make their clothing more inexpensive, they often cut costs in the labor industry first, resulting in unsafe working conditions for laborers.
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# An Overview of Fast Fashion ![A woman with a phone and H&M bag.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*FvmchrCJkTIu_fY6)
Photo by Fernand De Canne on Unsplash
Fast fashion hits shelves at the height of its online popularity and is later discarded. A microtrend can start, reach its peak, and end within 3 to 5 months, or possibly even shorter depending on the microtrend and brands. H&M, a well-known clothing brand, produces 52 microseasons a year. This means H&M is putting out a new collection of clothing each week that is meant to be worn immediately, otherwise known as a microtrend. High demand for these microtrends causes fast fashion companies to produce 53 million tons of clothing annually. 80 billion pieces of clothing are consumed per year. This is an astonishing 400% increase from 20 years ago. Approximately 85% of these clothes end up discarded in a landfill, hence the name “fast fashion.” This toxic cycle of consumption leads to clothing overproduction, pollution, and horrifying labor systems. # All About Shein ![Laborers working in a Chinese sweatshop.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*LWqYaHSExCNjY-OW)
Photo by Rio Lecatompessy on Unsplash
## Profit-Based Intentions As we are all probably aware, most clothing companies are mainly profit-focused. Fast fashion is a very profitable industry as consumers flood stores for trendy clothing and are back mere weeks later for the newest trend. Shein is one example of a company that uses fast fashion for profit. Their website is appealing to consumers because it promotes large discounts and coupons on trendy clothes. However, this promotes fast-paced consumption of cheap clothing and produces unnecessary landfill waste. ## False Claims It is widely known that Shein uses sweatshops in China to lower labor costs and subsequently reduce consumer costs. However, the company fervently denies these allegations and claims that sweatshops are not used by suppliers of their clothing. Shein undoubtedly knows of their suppliers’ sweatshop usage and plays a significant role in the dangerous working conditions of these sweatshops as they try to cut costs as much as they can. Shein has claimed that sweatshops breach their supplier code of conduct which is “based on International Labor Organization conventions and local laws and regulations, including labor practices and working conditions.” They also claim that the company performs “unannounced audits at supplier facilities” such that “Any non-compliance with this code is dealt with swiftly, and [they] will terminate partnerships that do not meet [their] standards.” However, it is unlikely that Shein actually cuts ties with such sweatshops. Shein has received much backlash over the years for its violations of labor agreements in workshops, yet thousands continue to purchase from the online retailer. ## Sweatshop Conditions Laborers in a Shein sweatshop work 18 hours per day, 7 days a week, with just 1 day off each month. Their first month of pay is withheld, and even after the first month, they are only paid approximately 2 cents per piece of clothing they make. On an average day, workers make a minimum of 500 pieces of clothing. The average pay for a month’s work in a Shein sweatshop is around $556. With such low wages, many sweatshop workers do not make a livable wage to support themselves and their families. Still, they are forced to continue working because they depend on the meager wages they do earn to survive. Sweatshop laborers are exposed to silica dust, lead, and 8,000 different cancer-causing chemicals in the workplace. This causes approximately 27 million sweatshop workers to suffer from work-related illnesses and diseases. On top of this, about 1.4 million injuries occur per year in sweatshops of the fashion industry. These injuries and illnesses are often left untreated because workers are unable to pay for medical treatment. # Fast Fashion Impacts on the Chinese Environment ![A sweatshop with piles of clothes scattered across the floor.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*KBHDE784z1fPnxE-)
Photo by Francois Le Nguyen on Unsplash
## Negligence of the Chinese Government As one of the main sources of sweatshop labor and one of the top exporting countries in the world, China is extremely production-focused. Because the Chinese government doesn’t allow the formation of trade unions and non-governmental labor organizations, corporations and factory owners are able to take advantage of these conditions to install sweatshops and other labor sources with less regulation. Workers are often not informed of their rights according to the law, and the Chinese government usually doesn’t intervene even when the abuse of laborers is evident. Corporations and factory owners reap all the benefits of the fast fashion industry and laborers receive close to nothing. This unique situation allows corporations and factories to cut costs by using cheap materials and chemicals that are extremely harmful to the environment. ## Water Pollution Textile dyeing and treatment has polluted the 7 major rivers of China so extensively that they have been declared toxic. 72 toxic chemicals alone in China’s waters can be only attributed to textile dyeing, with 30 of these being permanent or unremovable from China’s waters. Other chemicals and treatments associated with textile production can also be seen heavily polluting China’s waters, leaving very limited water resources for the country’s large population. China only has an insufficient 30 percent of lakes and rivers that aren’t contaminated by the 2.5 billion gallons of wastewater generated by the textile industry, most of it being a byproduct of fast fashion production. China, with its population of over 1.4 billion people, does not have an adequate supply of safe drinking water due to water contamination. ## Carbon Emissions Pollution in China is heavily influenced by carbon emissions of the textile industry. Due to the high demand for cheap textiles worldwide, China produces millions of textiles in factories with incredibly high carbon emission levels. Production of textiles for export to foreign countries is responsible for about 43% of greenhouse gas emissions in China. Delivering these textiles to consumers also produces an astronomical amount of carbon, as shown by the delivery of the 2016 “Singles Day” clothing, which generated 52,400 tons of carbon in a single day. Because of this, it is highly encouraged for consumers to purchase clothing in-stores instead of ordering online. However, fast fashion companies based in China are based mostly on e-commerce. It has been shown that the use of cell phones and computers to place online orders can produce 3.22 million tons of carbon dioxide, approximately 8,800 tons of carbon daily. Climate change is an ever-worsening issue that needs to be addressed sooner rather than later. The actions of fast fashion companies such as Shein are only contributing to this problem instead of trying to lessen it.
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# Recap When you look beyond the low prices and trendy clothes, fast fashion is extremely detrimental to our environment and encourages unjust labor practices. Chinese laborers are subject to unsanitary, dangerous working conditions in sweatshops and are paid well below minimum wage. Overproduction of textiles in China results in the contamination of China’s rivers by toxic chemicals and the production of hundreds of thousands of tons of carbon. Fast fashion companies help fuel an endless cycle of overconsumption and waste. # References 1. [Business & Human Rights Centre](https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/china-shein-factory-employees-work-18-hour-shifts-with-no-weekends-earning-just-two-cents-per-item-report-finds/#:~:text=Workers%20at%20factories%20in%20China,i%20newspaper%20in%20the%20UK.) 2. [Good On You](https://goodonyou.eco/what-is-fast-fashion/) 3. [George Washington University Law](https://studentbriefs.law.gwu.edu/ilpb/2021/10/28/fast-fashion-getting-faster-a-look-at-the-unethical-labor-practices-sustaining-a-growing-industry/) 4. [Borgen Magazine](https://www.borgenmagazine.com/fast-fashion-in-china/) 5. [Channel News Asia](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/cheap-clothes-fast-fashion-factory-labour-sweatshop-bangladesh-factory-collapse-3438306) 6. [Common Objective](https://www.commonobjective.co/article/death-injury-and-health-in-the-fashion-industry) 7. [Matter Prints](https://www.matterprints.com/journal/community/history-of-sweatshops/#:~:text=Unfortunately%2C%20sweatshops%20are%20still%20very,Vietnam%2C%20Cambodia%2C%20and%20Bangladesh.) 8. [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/home/?trk=article_not_found) 9. [War on Want](https://waronwant.org/news-analysis/sweatshops-china)]]> Behind the Seams - Fast Fashion https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/behind-the-seams-fast-fashion https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/behind-the-seams-fast-fashion Fri, 26 Jul 2024 02:18:57 GMT Fast fashion, with its allure of affordability and trendiness, has undoubtedly transformed the fashion industry. However, it’s important to acknowledge and learn about the the significant issues associated with it — environmental degradation, labor exploitation, and cultural insensitivity. Photo by Hannah Morgan on Unsplash Think back to last winter when all of your friends were wearing the same cute beanie or trendy snow boots. You felt out of place because you were still wearing the ratty, outdated clothes your older sibling gave you when they graduated and went off to college. It’s almost impossible in this day and age to keep up with the newest trends since they change so frequently. By the time you convince yourself to splurge on new pair of jeans, everyone around you has already moved on to the next trend. Fast fashion has taken the world by storm, changing the way we view clothing and accessories. It’s the industry that provides us with the latest trends at shockingly low prices, allowing us to regularly update our wardrobes without depleting our bank accounts. While fast fashion has undoubtedly made clothing more accessible, it’s important to delve deeper in order to understand the issues associated with fast fashion.
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# What is Fast Fashion? ![An outfit laid out on a bed.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*R4dm7fYizX-reJUt)
Photo by Angela Bailey on Unsplash
Fast fashion describes low-priced, but stylish clothing that moves quickly from design to retail stores to meet trends. Doesn’t that seem like an amazing deal? You get trendy clothes that look good, fit well, and don’t cost exorbitant amounts of money. When you put it that way, fast fashion sounds like the best establishment of the century. However, fast fashion has had an extremely negative impact on our environment, and will continue to do so in future years. Clothes in the fast fashion industry are not created to last long. Because of this, shoppers quickly discard them, causing massive pile-ups of fabric in landfills worldwide. The biggest culprits are fast fashion brands like Zara, H&M, Forever 21, Nike, and Shein. Each of these companies manufacture thousands of different clothing items annually and sell them in retail stores worldwide. Since trends change so rapidly, a large portion of this clothing sits on the rack for months before it’s discarded, unworn. This business model relies on rapid production processes, low labor costs, and the agility to adapt quickly to changing fashion trends. # Environmental Impacts ![A pile of clothes smoking in a landfill.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*qaG6Ccv_7E8L54DS)
Photo by Katie Rodriguez on Unsplash
## The Pollution Problem One of the most pressing issues associated with fast fashion is pollution. The production of cheap clothing often involves the use of toxic dyes and chemicals. These substances eventually find their way into bodies of water, polluting rivers and oceans. The fashion industry is also a major contributor to microplastic pollution. Synthetic fabrics shed tiny plastic fibers when washed, which also end up in our waterways and consequently, the stomachs of aquatic animals. ## Textile Waste and Landfills Fast fashion is based on a “buy more, buy cheap” mentality. This encourages consumers to update their wardrobes constantly. What are the consequences of this? — A staggering amount of textile waste. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation estimates that a truckload of discarded textiles is either dumped in landfills or incinerated every second. As a result, landfills overflow with clothing that takes decades, if not centuries, to decompose fully. Throughout this process, toxic chemicals are released into soil and infiltrate groundwater, further polluting our environment. ## Quality vs. Quantity Fast fashion styles are often produced with cheap materials to make production inexpensive to major clothing companies. Because of this, clothing associated with fast fashion tends to be low-quality. Most consumers will purchase this clothing anyway to stay up-to-date with current trends, and since it’s cheaper they’ll buy more of it. People are buying 60% more clothes than they did just a few decades ago, and wearing them for half as long. However, the fast fashion model encourages consumers to wear clothing for shorter periods of time since trends shift so rapidly. Clothing will often be thrown out once a trend has passed, often unworn. This is a waste of both precious resources and money. ## Cultural Consequences ![A person holding out scissors and thread.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*eOAsjXlUFF_k4tK2)
Photo by Kelly Sikkema on Unsplash
Fast fashion is notorious for appropriating designs and patterns from different cultures without understanding or respecting their significance. This has sparked controversy and calls for greater cultural sensitivity in recent years. In countries like Guatemala, where millions of artisans produce their own clothes, fast fashion’s emphasis on mass production of clothing clashes with the meticulous, traditional approach to clothing production. Guatemalan girls are taught how to weave and dye clothes by their mothers at a young age. The craft of clothing production puts great emphasis on creating garments inspired by nature and paying strict attention to detail. Sometimes, it can take an entire month to perfect a garment. Fast fashion companies are able to create those same clothes more efficiently, but lack the personal touch of handmade garments. ## Unjust Labor Practices ![An image of people working in a textile factory, small work areas.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*_Gu2W9RjUvg03OoV)
Photo by Rio Lecatompessy on Unsplash
One of the most pressing issues related to fast fashion is exploitation of labor. In order to produce clothing at incredibly low prices, fast fashion brands often outsource their manufacturing to countries where labor is cheap and regulations are lax. This strategy is in theory, much more efficient, but it does not account for the exhaustion and in some cases, death, of laborers. ## Low Wages In many countries where fast fashion companies are headquartered, garment workers have extremely low wages, often well below minimum wage. These wages are barely enough to cover basic living expenses, leading to poor living conditions and an endless cycle of poverty. ## Unsafe Working Conditions Safety regulations in many of these countries are insufficient, and many people work in hazardous conditions. The collapse of buildings, factories going up in flames, and other workplace accidents have claimed the lives of countless workers worldwide. ## Long Hours & Exploitative Practices Workers are frequently forced to work overtime in terrible conditions. They suffer through inhumane treatment by factory management, and often have no bargaining power or representation to protect their rights. They are expected to work for 14–16 hours each day, 7 days per week. Sometimes they are forced to work until 2 am or 3 am to meet production quotas during the busy season. ## Job Security As the industry employs more than 75 million workers worldwide, these workers often work on a temporary or contractual basis. They lack job security and benefits like health insurance or retirement plans. They are easily replaceable, causing them to lack any sort of economic security. ## Child Labor & Gender Discrimination Child labor is a big issue in the fast fashion industry because much of the supply chain requires unskilled labor, some tasks being better suited to children than adults. In cotton picking, employers prefer to hire children because small fingers are less likely to damage crops. Additionally, the fast fashion industry is extremely discriminatory towards women. Women make up the majority of garment workers and usually have to face harassment, judgement, and exploitation on a daily basis.
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# Recap Fast fashion, with its allure of affordability and trendiness, has undoubtedly transformed the fashion industry. However, it’s important to acknowledge and learn about the the significant issues associated with it — environmental degradation, labor exploitation, and cultural insensitivity. As consumers, we have the power to promote change. By supporting brands that prioritize sustainability, ethical labor practices, and cultural respect, we can encourage the evolvement of the fashion industry. Fast fashion may appeal to some, but it’s time to consider the true cost of those budget-friendly outfits and strive for a more responsible and inclusive fashion future. # References 1. [UNICEF](https://labs.theguardian.com/unicef-child-labour/) 2. [Solidarity Center](https://www.solidaritycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Garment-Textile-Industry-Fact-Sheet.8.2019.pdf) 3. [Sustainable Review](https://sustainablereview.com/exploring-the-consequences-of-fast-fashion-on-garment-workers/#:~:text=The%20pressure%20to%20meet%20production,to%20meet%20their%20basic%20needs.) 4. [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/saraweinreb/2019/06/11/the-impact-of-fast-fashion-and-cultural-appropriation-on-guatemalan-artisanship/?sh=7add278575c9) 5. [Good On You](https://goodonyou.eco/what-is-fast-fashion/) 6. [UNEP](https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/environmental-costs-fast-fashion) 7. [Tree Hugger](https://www.treehugger.com/fast-fashion-environmental-ethical-issues-4869800#:~:text=These%20garments%20appeal%20to%20shoppers,discarded%2C%20piling%20up%20in%20landfills.)]]> Terrestrial Tremors https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/terrestrial-tremors https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/terrestrial-tremors Fri, 26 Jul 2024 02:09:50 GMT Earthquakes are extremely dangerous natural disasters that occur due to the shifting of tectonic plates against one another. They are ranked in severity from 0–10 on the Richter scale. Strong earthquakes have the potential to kill tens of thousands of people and decimate entire cities. If you ever find yourself stuck in an earthquake, always remember to drop, cover, and hold on. Photo by Jens Aber on Unsplash It’s 10:00 in the morning and you’re scrolling on your phone, mindlessly consuming the various pieces of media being thrown at you when you feel a sharp, sudden rumble. You pass this off as your imagination or your dad walking down the stairs, but then it happens again. That’s odd. The last time you checked, the earth randomly shaking is not a normal occurrence, right? Suddenly, your mind flashes back to 8th grade Earth Science when you learned about tectonic plates and… earthquakes. Of course, earthquakes, those spontaneous natural disasters that wreck the land, crumble buildings like coffee cake, and kill thousands upon thousands of people. An impending sense of doom crashes down on you, putting you in a state of petrification. But this is no time to stand idle, waiting for the disaster to strike. You must take action, but how? You remember the boy from 8th grade sitting next to you saying that the safest place to be in an earthquake is under a doorway, since it’s the strongest part of the house. As you grab your two cats and cower under your bedroom door frame, you thank that 8th grade boy under your breath. You can feel the ground shaking, plates crashing to the ground and the wood of the walls creaking under pressure. It’s okay though, because you’re safe and sound under your doorway, right? Nope! Congratulations! You are dead! The door frame cracked and the walls caved in on you, burying you under the rubble of your home. In your final moments, you curse that 8th grade boy as your consciousness fades away. Movies and TV shows, as well as false facts and “survival tips,” have skewed our perception of what earthquakes really are. These misconceptions can be extremely dangerous, and if you don’t learn about the proper precautions for earthquake safety, then you may find yourself in a shaky situation one day.
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# What are Earthquakes? This answer may seem obvious to you. You might think an earthquake is just the ground rumbling. While this isn’t technically wrong, this explanation is quite elementary and leaves out a lot of details. Earthquakes are sudden shakes in the ground caused by a release of energy within the earth's crust, which are known as seismic waves. This energy is usually released when the tectonic plates of the earth’s crust shift and move past each other, while the immense heat of the molten rock they lay on distorts and shifts the plates. This causes the surface of the earth to move. Think of it like a jigsaw puzzle, shaped to piece together perfectly. If these pieces were to be jumbled up, it would ruin the picture. While earthquakes can occur anywhere in the world, they are most common in places with major fault lines. This is why earthquakes are common in California, as it is located on a fault between the Pacific and North American plates. ![A collapsed building after an earthquake.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*Tp5WP_oImB1k8kvu0S40TA.jpeg)
Photo by Carl Cambell on Unsplash
# Measuring the Size of an Earthquake Like most things in life, not all earthquakes are created equal. Tectonic plates don’t shift the exact same amount every time an earthquake happens, so how do scientists determine the size of an earthquake? The size, or magnitude, of an earthquake is measured using a seismograph. A seismograph draws zig-zagged lines on a piece of paper to replicate how much the tectonic plates have shifted. The higher the line is drawn, the bigger the magnitude is on the Richter scale, which ranges from 0.0–10.0. Smaller earthquakes that have Richter scale magnitudes of 0.0–2.5 are generally not felt by people, nor are they big enough to really do anything. Depending on the magnitude, the destruction can vary from some fallen items to the deaths of thousands. Take, for example, the mini earthquakes in California versus an earthquake such as the Tohoku earthquake in Japan in 2011. Since California resides on top of fault lines, a good number of earthquakes occur, usually many per day. These are considered minor earthquakes, only having a magnitude of 0.0–2.5, and are often not even felt by people. However, Japan’s Tohoku earthquake of 2011 caused absolute devastation, with a magnitude of 9.1. In some cases, an earthquake under the sea can become the catalyst for a tsunami, which is exactly what happened here. The waves caused by the tsunami reached heights of up to 40m tall, displacing 450,000 people and killing over 18,000. The tsunami destroyed thousands of structures, such as houses, roads, and railways. It even caused three nuclear reactors to malfunction in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, releasing radioactive materials into the environment and forcing people to evacuate. ![A young woman staring at the remnants of a road falling off a cliff.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*f6MyYVaHG2EyUTRXlS-hfg.jpeg)
Photo by Colin Lloyd on Unsplash
# Earthquake Myths Earthquakes have the capability to be catastrophic, so it is important to be able to keep yourself safe if you are unfortunate enough to experience one. But, for a natural disaster so spontaneous and unpredictable, how can you protect yourself? What earthquake facts are real, and not just exaggerations and false claims from the media? ## Common misconceptions: 1. Major earthquakes only occur early in the morning. Earthquakes can occur during any time of day, in any part of the world. While many major earthquakes happen in the early morning, they are not exclusive to that time slot. The Imperial Valley earthquake occurred around 9:00 p.m., and Japan’s Tohoku earthquake happened at 2:46 p.m. 2. Earthquakes can cause the ground to split in two, big enough to swallow humans, and even tall buildings. This is the depiction of earthquakes most seen in the media, (such as in the 2013 animated movie, Croods), but fortunately for us, it is inaccurate. Earthquakes are caused by the grinding of tectonic plates against each other, moving the ground across its fault, not away from it. The friction caused by the collision of plates is what causes earthquakes, so nothing would happen if they were to spread apart. Earthquakes can cause minor cracks in the ground, but it’s highly doubtful that they are big enough for people to worry about falling through. Also, no, there is no lava at the bottom of these cracks. 3. The safest place to be in an earthquake is underneath a door frame. Your doorway is about as safe as any other part of your house. There isn’t any magical reinforcement spell cast on it that would make you any safer, and, if anything, the door would probably just break your bones as it wildly swings around. Instead, you would likely be safer ducking under a sturdy object such as a table or a desk. In short, don’t listen to that 8th grade boy. 4. It’s safer to be outside than inside during an earthquake. Unless you live in a barren desert, then it would be better to just stay put. Theoretically, it seems to make sense, since you wouldn’t have a roof to collapse over your head and furniture to crush your skull. Still, most injuries during earthquakes usually occur when people are moving within a structure or trying to get out. It’s better to just stay put under a solid piece of furniture instead of taking that risk, especially since there are still other buildings and structures outside that can hurt you, and, unlike being inside, you have no extra furniture to protect you. Until you are certain that the shaking has stopped and it is safe to exit, stay put and wait it out. 5. Earthquakes only happen during hot, dry weather. Unlike most other natural disasters, earthquakes don’t have anything to do with weather, since everything happens below the earth’s surface. Whether it’s snowing, raining, or an arid summer day, an earthquake can happen at any time. 6. The aftershocks aren’t as dangerous as the mainshocks. Aftershocks are just as dangerous as the mainshock, if not more. An earthquake has a foreshock, a mainshock, and an aftershock. While it’s true that foreshocks are smaller than mainshocks and aftershocks, people usually assume that the aftershock is also smaller, which isn’t true. Aftershocks have the same magnitude as the mainshock, and can be equally, or even more, destructive. It’s even possible for them to trigger even larger tremors, which can blur the line on which was a foreshock, mainshock, and aftershock. Aftershocks can occur hours, days, months, and even years after the initial earthquake. 7. Earthquakes can be avoided. There is nothing we can really do to stop an earthquake once it starts, other than to take the proper precautions to keep ourselves safe and evacuate the area if an earthquake is predicted to occur. Unfortunately, earthquakes can be difficult to predict, and since everything happens below ground, it’s hard to notice the signs of an upcoming earthquake. The best thing to do is to know how to prepare for an earthquake if it ever does come. 8. We can’t do anything to lessen earthquakes, since they’re natural disasters. For the most part, yes, earthquakes do occur naturally without any human influence. However, the frequencies of most natural disasters are increasing due to humans and our contributions to climate change. Mining causes a large number of man-made earthquakes, with the sudden removal of the earth’s contents making the ground unstable. Fracking can also cause earthquakes. Fracking is the process of injecting liquids into the earth at high pressure to extract oil or gasses. The pressure from fracking causes earthquakes to occur. Some of the deadliest earthquakes by far have been caused by dams, whether it’s the dams breaking or just the pressure from that amount of water being held in one area. In 2008, the Great Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China, was caused by the large weight of water that was being held in a reservoir over a fault line, about 320 million tons. This caused an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 and the deaths of an estimated 80,000 people. ![A small stone hut at a mining site.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*wds_VsKDyEVTnrv5dCbWxA.jpeg)
Photo by Joel Heard on Unsplash
# How to Stay Safe During an Earthquake To reduce the chances of earthquake damage, the best course of action would be to reduce the number of earthquakes. Obviously, the naturally occurring earthquakes are out of our control, but the man-made ones are not. Governments have been implementing stricter regulations on industrial activities to prevent disasters like the Sichuan earthquake. Stronger infrastructure is required, as well as being more aware of the faults under the ground before building anything that could potentially trigger an earthquake. To keep yourself safe, in case you do find yourself in an earthquake, the basic steps to follow are “drop, cover, and hold on.” **Drop:** Drop down to your hands and knees before the earthquake causes you to stumble. This will prevent you from falling while also allowing you to have enough mobility to move if needed. **Cover:** Find a sturdy piece of furniture like a table or desk and hide under it. If your entire body won’t fit under it, prioritize your head and neck. If there is nothing you can hide under, duck down next to a wall that doesn’t connect to the outside, or next to low furniture that you’re sure won’t fall on you. Then, cover your head and neck with your arms and hands. **Hold on:** Hold on to your shelter until the quake is over. There is a possibility that your shelter will move, so be prepared to move with it. **If you are in a car**: Stop quickly in a safe place with no overpasses, poles, wires, or buildings if possible. Make sure to stay in your car until help arrives or it is safe to drive again. **If you cannot drop to your knees:** Try to sit down. If you can’t do either, you still must cover your head and neck with your arms. **If you are outside:** Stay outside. Trying to move around too much during an earthquake is very dangerous. If you find yourself outside then find an open area without trees, poles, buildings, or any other structures that could potentially fall on you. ![A huge traffic jam.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*4HO7FhbCQVKO5686)
Photo by Aleksandr Popov on Unsplash
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# Recap Earthquakes are extremely dangerous natural disasters that occur due to the shifting of tectonic plates against one another. They are ranked in severity from 0–10 on the Richter scale. Strong earthquakes have the potential to kill tens of thousands of people and decimate entire cities. If you ever find yourself stuck in an earthquake, always remember to drop, cover, and hold on. It’s important to always stay informed about natural disasters because you never know if one will come your way. If you liked this blog and want to learn more about other natural disasters then check out our most recent blogs. # References 1. [AXA research](https://axa-research.org/get-research-insights/earthquakes-exploring-early-warning-systems) 2. [Center for Disease Control and Prevention](https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/earthquakes/during.html#:~:text=COVER%20your%20head%20and%20neck,with%20your%20arms%20and%20hands) 3. [Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology) 4. [USGS](https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/science-earthquakes) 5. [CSUSM](https://www.csusm.edu/em/procedures/earthquake_myths.html) 6. [TRT World](https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/10-common-myths-about-earthquakes-12796841) 7. [NOAA](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/tectonics.html#:~:text=The%20plates%20can%20be%20thought,sometimes%20away%20from%20each%20other) 8. [MTU](https://www.mtu.edu/geo/community/seismology/learn/earthquake-measure/magnitude/) 9. [National Geographic](https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/tohoku-earthquake-and-tsunami/)]]> Tornado Terrors https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/tornado-terrors https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/tornado-terrors Fri, 26 Jul 2024 01:22:56 GMT Tornadoes are violent spinning columns of air commonly formed by thunderstorms. They are typically found in the Central Plains region of the United States, as well as other areas of the world where moist air clashes with cold air. ... # What are Tornadoes? According to the National Weather Service, tornadoes are a “violently rotating column of air touching the ground, usually attached to the base of a thunderstorm.” Among the many different types of storms, tornadoes can be considered the most violent and unpredictable type. Most tornadoes develop rapidly but don’t exist for much more than 15 minutes. These weather disasters can cause destruction upwards of 1 mile wide and 50 miles long in that short amount of time. They are responsible for the fatalities of an average of 80 people annually, the injuries of around 1,500 people annually, and the decimation of countless neighborhoods. ![The formation of a large tornado over an empty road.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*VCKU6-khj4kwjfpY) Photo by Raychel Sanner on Unsplash # How are Tornadoes Formed? Tornadoes are formed from thunderstorms, and most commonly, supercell clouds. Cloud condensation releases heat, and this heat rises to create large updrafts. As these winds rise, they may change direction, forming a cloud base of moisture which will eventually be used as fuel for the tornado. A vortex between these large updrafts in the middle of the storm may develop to form a spinning tube of wind. This vortex then gets pulled upwards to form a mesocyclone. Around this vortex, cold and dry sinking air wraps around the back of the mesocyclone to form a rear flank downdraft. Temperature differences within and outside the mesocyclone create large amounts of instability. The base of the mesocyclone then tightens, increasing the speed of the wind. This air funnel then moves lower and lower, becoming tighter in the process, leading the moist cloud base and the air funnel to meet. This cloud base draws the funnel to the ground, linking the funnel and the earth until the air funnel finally touches down and becomes a full tornado. ![A tornado touching down in an open field.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*-FgpRNvJ1VbB-qyDhKhrxg@2x.jpeg) Photo by Nikolas Noonan on Unsplash # Where do Tornadoes Form? Why? Within the United States, tornadoes form mainly in the Central Plains of North America, between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. Although tornadoes can form anywhere in the world, within the United States tornadoes most commonly form in the Central Plain states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Tornadoes form mainly during spring and summer due to higher quantities of thunderstorms during these seasons. Tornadoes also form more frequently in the Central Plain states because the geography of mountain ranges running North to South allows cold air from the North to converge with moist, warm air from the South. This allows more thunderstorms to form which in turn increases the risk of tornado formation. This Central Plains area, famous for having frequent tornadoes, was dubbed Tornado Valley in 1952. ![A small town in tornado valley.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*hDylnU0Y783XRneb) Photo by Giuseppe Mondì on Unsplash # Top 3 Deadliest Tornadoes ## 1) Daulatpur-Saturia Tornado, Bangladesh, 1989 The Daulatpur-Saturia Tornado formed on April 26, 1989, in the Manikganj District of Bangladesh. This 1-mile wide and 50-mile-long tornado hit the slums of Bangladesh, killing 1,300 people, injuring 12,000 people, leveling 20 villages, and leaving 80,000 people homeless. This tornado was classified as a F3 on the Fujita Scale but can be considered an F4 tornado with its wind speeds of 210 to 260 mph. ## 2) Tri-State Tornado, United States, 1925 The Tri-State tornado, regarded as the deadliest tornado in United States history, formed on March 18, 1925. This massive F5 tornado was a part of a series of 12 tornadoes that broke out within the US on the same day, around mid-afternoon in Missouri, Illinois, Alabama, Indiana, and Kansas. The Tri-State Tornado tore through 219 miles of land in Southern Illinois, Southeastern Missouri, and Southwestern Indiana. This outbreak of 12 tornadoes lasted 7 hours and claimed 751 lives. The Tri-State Tornado alone claimed 695 lives and destroyed 15,000 homes with winds of over 300 mph. The Tri-State Tornado is the second deadliest tornado globally and had the longest tornado path in global history. ## 3) Bangladesh, 1973 On April 17, 1973, a tornado formed in the Manikganj area of the Dhaka region of Bangladesh. This tornado, occurring 16 years before the world's deadliest Daulatpur-Saturia Tornado in the same region, had a death toll of 681 officially, but over 1,000 deaths are believed to have occurred by locals of the region. ![A stormy sky.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*MRVGxvB2VABnE-Ac) Photo by 🇻🇪 Jose G. Ortega Castro 🇲🇽 on Unsplash # Environmental Effects of Tornadoes ## 1. Forest Destruction In the article, Winds of Change: Tornado and Hurricane Impacts on Louisiana Forests, by the US. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Michael K. Crosby writes, “Severe wind events have devastating impacts on forests throughout the United States. Events such as tornadoes and hurricanes can destroy standing timber, produce stresses that impact wood quality, and leave debris that leads to susceptibility to additional impacts.” Winds from tornadoes are incredibly strong, with winds from an F1 moderate tornado already reaching 73–112 mph. Winds from a powerful F5 tornado can reach anywhere from 261–318 mph. Almost all tree trunks will snap at around 90 mph, which is within the wind speed of an F1 tornado. Tornadoes around the world have devastating effects on the environment as they destroy acres and acres of trees. 238,000 acres of forest have been destroyed by tornadoes in Louisiana, with about 3,000 acres of forest being impacted per storm. ![Trees uprooted during a tornado.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*iin0IQZ0RxmMFqll) Photo by Clay Banks on Unsplash ## 2. Environmental Pollution In the article, How Tornadoes May Be Affecting Your Air Quality, by the American Lung Association, the editorial staff writes of the environmental pollution that occurs from the many tornadoes plaguing the U.S. With 1,028 confirmed tornadoes as of August 16, 2023, the startling amount of tornadoes raised concerns about air quality and environmental pollution. For one, tornadoes cause heavy destruction to homes and businesses, destroying and breaking buildings and other facilities. This in itself, along with the dust and dirt thrown into the air from tornadoes, causes a significant decrease in air quality. This is especially harmful to people with asthma and other respiratory issues. The debris in the air may eventually settle in bodies of water, subsequently decreasing the water quality for fish and other aquatic life forms. The somewhat blocked sun also has the effect of lowering the amount of sunlight given to plants. Without the full power of the sun, many plants will start to wither and may even die. Another issue that tornadoes create is the destruction of pipelines, chemical containers, gas lines, and electric power lines. In our modern world, where chemicals and gas are used for many purposes, the leakage of large amounts of these chemicals is incredibly harmful to our environment. Toxic pollutants such as oil, asbestos, and other hazardous waste is released into the ground, contaminating groundwater and soil. These toxic pollutants may even kill organisms nearby. Dust and debris, as well as toxic pollutants, are severe causes of environmental pollution. ![A polluted sky.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*2ms_9ewR88kFcB31ChjMtw@2x.jpeg) Photo by Artin Bakhan on Unsplash
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# Impact of Climate Change on Tornado Formation Tornadoes are formed primarily from thunderstorms in the Central Plains region because of the clash between moist, tropical Southern air and cold Northern air. Climate change may increase interactions between these two types of air and allow for more frequent formation of tornadoes. CBS News states, “climate change seems to be shifting the concentration and range of tornadoes, pushing them into more vulnerable areas. In addition, evidence suggests there will be a more favorable environment for severe weather — and probably tornadoes — in a warmer future.” Although science hasn’t definitively found how strong climate change impacts tornado formation, there is evidence to suggest that these increases in severe, strong temperatures will allow for more frequent tornado formation in the future. Evidence also indicates that tornadoes will be pushed to vulnerable areas more often due to climate change. We must do our part to reduce carbon emissions in order to prevent these natural disasters from occurring more frequently than they already are. ![Emissions from a factory in the distance.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*KytcA0wFmyU2zKJf) Photo by Zoya Loonohod on Unsplash
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# Recap Tornadoes are violent spinning columns of air commonly formed by thunderstorms. They are typically found in the Central Plains region of the United States, as well as other areas of the world where moist air clashes with cold air. Tornadoes often cause death and destruction, with the highest death toll being 1,300 people during the Daulatpur-Saturia Tornado in Bangladesh. Homes, schools, and buildings are destroyed in these massive tornadoes that can span as wide as 1 mile wide and 50 miles long. With wind speeds ranging from 90–300mph, tornadoes can destroy acres upon acres of forest. Louisiana forests alone have lost 238,000 acres of trees because of tornadoes. Fast winds drive dust and dirt into the air, which contributes to air pollution and freshwater contamination as dust settles in streams and chemicals leech into the ground. Climate change has the potential to worsen these disasters further, leaving us to wonder how terrible these twisters may become. # References 1. [American Lung Association](https://www.lung.org/blog/tornadoes-affecting-air-quality#:~:text=Powerful%20tornadoes%20can%20also%20destroy,contaminates%20ground%20water%20or%20soil.) 2. [physicsworld](https://physicsworld.com/a/trees-break-at-fixed-wind-speed-irrespective-of-size-or-species/#:~:text=During%20storms%2C%20there%20is%20a,done%20by%20researchers%20in%20France.) 3. [National Weather Service](https://www.weather.gov/ffc/fujita) 4. [USDA Forest Service](https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/61603#:~:text=Severe%20wind%20events%20have%20devastating,to%20susceptibility%20to%20additional%20impacts.) 5. [James Spann, TED-Ed](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmWh9jV_1ac) 6. [CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tornadoes-climate-change-what-we-know/) 7. [A-Z Animals](https://a-z-animals.com/blog/the-deadliest-tornadoes-on-earth-and-what-happened/) 8. [Daulatpur–Saturia tornado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulatpur%E2%80%93Saturia_tornado) 9. [ThoughtCo](https://www.thoughtco.com/worlds-worst-tornadoes-3555048) 10. [ServiceMaster Restore](https://www.servicemasterrestore.com/blog/weather/what-is-tornado-alley-/#:~:text=Though%20not%20an%20official%20term,where%20tornadoes%20are%20most%20frequent.) 11. [University of Nebraska-Lincoln](http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.pe.061#:~:text=Tornadoes%20occur%20more%20frequently%20and,tropical%20air%20from%20the%20south.) 12. [NSSL NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory](https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/tornadoes/faq/#:~:text=In%20the%20U.S.%20they%20are,year%20as%20one%20moves%20northward.) 13. [National Weather Service](https://www.weather.gov/media/pah/Skywarn/TORNADOsafety.pdf) 14. [National Weather Service](https://www.weather.gov/phi/TornadoDefinition#:~:text=Tornado%20%2D%20A%20violently%20rotating%20column,nature%22s%20most%20violent%20storms.)]]> The Eye of the Storm https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-eye-of-the-storm https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-eye-of-the-storm Thu, 25 Jul 2024 17:34:53 GMT Hurricanes are disastrous severe weather events that occur between June and November each year. They normally form when ocean temperatures rise, creating a swirling vortex of clouds and water. Climate change is only making hurricanes occur more frequently and with greater intensity. ... # All About Hurricanes ## What are Hurricanes? ![A satellite view of a hurricane making landfall in Florida.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Fg9ndJgY7N-zOmNL) Photo by NASA on Unsplash According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a hurricane is a rotating, low pressure severe weather event. Hurricanes form over the ocean during the right conditions and are ranked by severity on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. This scale ranks hurricanes from 1–5 based on the speed of their winds. The following represent the 5 different categories on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale: - Category 1: 74–95 mph - Category 2: 96–110 mph - Category 3: 111–129 mph - Category 4: 130–156 mph - Category 5: 157+ mph If a storm is classified as category 3 or above, it is considered a major hurricane and it is highly recommended for people to evacuate their homes. Category 1 and 2 hurricanes are not as severe and therefore do not cause as much damage. Some storms never reach hurricane status and are either called tropical storms or tropical depressions. Tropical storm winds range from 39–73 mph and tropical depression winds are 38 mph or lower. Although these storms are not considered hurricanes, they can easily develop into one before making landfall and become dangerous very quickly. ## How do Hurricanes From? ![A large wave forming far out at sea.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*ZYTlhiwV7VkjwEBI) Photo by Silas Baisch on Unsplash There are a couple of ingredients needed for a hurricane to form: warm air, humidity, hot water, and wind. Ocean water must be at least 79 degrees Fahrenheit for a hurricane to form. If ocean water does not meet this temperature requirement, it will not be able to evaporate to form a hurricane. In addition, hurricanes almost always form near the equator and curve northward due to the Coriolis Effect. Steps for hurricane formation: 1. Warm air rises and creates a region of low pressure near the surface of the ocean. 2. Air from nearby high pressure areas moves to fill the region of low pressure. 3. The high pressure air warms at the surface of the ocean and rises. 4. Air cools and forms clouds. As this process repeats itself, newly formed clouds begin to rotate as warm air rises from the surface of the ocean. Winds blowing across the ocean fuel the growth of the storm, allowing it to spin faster and faster as it travels across the ocean. A hurricane has multiple vertical columns that are called rain bands, which release rain at high speeds. In the center is the eye, a strange circle of calm amongst a churning mass of water and clouds. Global winds are the last piece of the puzzle. They’re responsible for pushing hurricanes toward land. Once a hurricane makes landfall, it has the potential to destroy towns and cities, leaving carnage in its wake until it eventually loses speed and momentum. # Climate Change ## Effects of Climate Change on Hurricanes ![Water vapor rising from a waterfall.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*LsApjh1bdB89_6iT) Photo by Andreas Strandman on Unsplash Since hurricane formation is highly dependent on water conditions, it makes sense that climate change can impact these events. Climate change is predicted to challenge everything we think we know about hurricanes within the next century. Studies conducted by the IPCC show that category 4 and 5 hurricanes are set to increase in frequency in future years. Almost 90% of the world’s heat is absorbed by our oceans. As ocean temperatures rise due to climate change, hurricane season may lengthen to the point where only a few months out of the year are safe for coastal residents. In addition, climate change contributes to rising sea levels. Flooding will become much more common and destructive. Rebuilding after a hurricane will become twice as arduous and costly since flooding will take longer to abate. Also, rescuing humans and animals during floods will be twice as difficult as it currently is. ## Human Impact on Climate Change ![Smoke rising into the sky from a factory.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*VQdjaOV5mbgL-BBCRj7iHA@2x.jpeg) Photo by DDP on Unsplash Climate change, as many may know, is mainly caused by humans. Decades of using fossil fuels have released dangerous aerosols into the air. On top of this, our rapidly growing population continues to put significant strain on Earth’s natural resources. Carbon emissions have reached unprecedented levels due to the excessive burning of fossil fuels in both the transportation and manufacturing industries. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, meaning it prevents heat from exiting the atmosphere. This process is one of the main contributors to global warming and the reason our oceans are rising in temperature. Deforestation is becoming a huge issue as more and more companies are beginning to produce paper products. Millions of acres of trees are cut down each year to produce paper for human consumption. Trees help us regulate our carbon dioxide emissions by converting it into oxygen through photosynthesis. Cutting down trees will only exacerbate the effects of climate change, contributing to rising ocean temperatures. Carbon emissions, deforestation, and other human actions are rapidly speeding up the process of climate change. Climate change, in turn, makes severe weather events such as hurricanes more deadly. # The Latest Hurricanes Hurricane season usually falls between June and November each year, with the peak of the season being September. Summer 2023 has boasted 2 high intensity hurricanes: Hurricane Hilary and Hurricane Idalia. ## Hurricane Hilary ![A landslide in a hilly region.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*6QOjIUhDtgKjzzpe) Photo by Wolfgang Hasselmann on Unsplash Category 4 Hurricane Hilary started its path of destruction through Mexico and the Southwestern United States on August 16th, 2023. Although the fatality rate for this storm was relatively low, it caused $126 million in damage. During the summer months, California is often in period of drought due to extremely low levels of rainfall and scorching temperatures. As a result of this, the ground becomes hard and less permeable. These types of environments have the perfect conditions for flooding since the ground struggles to absorb excessive amounts of water. This problem became a reality when Hurricane Hilary dumped 3–4 inches of rain on Southern California, almost matching the average annual rainfall total for the region. In some areas such as San Jacinto, Hilary dropped almost 12 inches of rain. The hardened ground, unused to this level of moisture, failed to absorb the water, resulting in severe flooding and mudslides. Thousands were warned to evacuate to avoid these disasters, especially in urban areas. Homes and streets were completely flooded, destroying personal possessions, furniture, and vehicles. Various roads were blocked from huge mud and rock slides, preventing people from evacuating the region. Although some Californians had been hoping for rain during the dry season, they got more than they wished for. ## Hurricane Idalia ![A patch of dark storm clouds.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*i82i4bYaa6pVTG5c) Photo by Kostiantyn Li on Unsplash Hurricane Idalia formed on August 26th, 2023 and made landfall in Florida on August 30th. Idalia formed in the Pacific region and gained power as it traveled east through the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, eventually becoming a category 4 hurricane. However, when Idalia hit Keaton Beach, it had dwindled to a category 3 hurricane. Eastern and Northern Florida were hit hardest by Idalia with tens of thousands of homes flooded and severely damaged. As the storm made its way up the eastern coast of the US into the Carolinas, it displaced more than 10,000 people from their homes. Hurricane Idalia knocked down countless power lines, plunging over 300,000 people into darkness in Florida and Georgia. Winds reached 130 mph, uprooting trees and scattering debris across the southeastern region of the US. Overall, Idalia caused $12–20 billion dollars worth of damage and uprooted the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. If a category 3 hurricane was this devastating, think about the damage a category 5 hurricane has the capacity to inflict. ## Hurricane Safety ![A tree that was blown on top of a car during strong hurricane winds.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*0gLPdAPOSsK4vxjDSGZL6A@2x.jpeg) Photo by Michael Jin on Unsplash There are various ways to protect yourself before, during, and after a hurricane. In order to prevent extensive damage to your home, purchase storm shutters and seal cracks to prevent water from flooding your home. Board up windows to keep them from breaking and letting rain and debris inside your home. Make sure to bring any outdoor plants inside to avoid them getting knocked over or destroyed. Additionally, stocking up on emergency items like a first aid kit, bandages, flashlights, food, and water is necessary when facing these tremendous storms. Make sure you have a battery pack handy to keep your phone charged and stay updated on the latest news. If you experience any flooding during a hurricane, get to higher ground to prevent getting swept up in fast-moving waters. When emerging from your home after a hurricane, be aware of your surroundings in order to avoid any downed power lines or sharp pieces of debris that can injure you.
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# Recap Hurricanes are disastrous severe weather events that occur between June and November each year. They normally form when ocean temperatures rise, creating a swirling vortex of clouds and water. Climate change is only making hurricanes occur more frequently and with greater intensity. Some of the most recent examples of this are Hurricane Hilary and Hurricane Idalia which impacted hundreds of thousands of people across the US. Thanks for reading! If you liked this blog, check out our other blogs and follow us on our social media platforms to stay tuned. # Resources 1. [NOAA](https://www.noaa.gov/weather) 2. [Britannica](https://medium.com/@environmentaldefenseinitiative/BritannicaHistory.com) 3. [History.com](https://www.history.com/news/hurricane-katrina-facts-legacy) 4. [CBS](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/top-10-deadliest-hurricanes-in-us-history-katrina-maria-galveston/) 5. US Department of State Archive 6. [Vox](https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=_0TCrGtTEQM&pp=ygUdSHVycmljYW5lcyBlZmZlY3QgZW52aXJvbm1lbnQ%3D) 7. [C2ES](https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/) 8. [National Geographic](https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=LlXVikDkyTg&pp=ygUYSG93IGRvIGh1cnJpY2FuZXMgb2NjdXJl) 9. Hurricanescience.com ]]> Beating the Blaze https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/beating-the-blaze https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/beating-the-blaze Thu, 25 Jul 2024 17:26:03 GMT Wildfires can be caused by a variety of things such as leaving campfires unattended, discarding lit cigarettes, throwing out matches, and leaving the stove on. Certain natural events can also cause wildfires, including lightning strikes. ... # Wildfire Catalysts How do wildfires start? Many people believe that climate change is to blame for the frequent occurrence of these phenomena. Although climate change is the trigger, it’s humans who pull it. A drought can be defined as a period of water scarcity and abnormally low rainfall in a particular region. Americans living along the West Coast in states such as California, Arizona, Texas, and Nevada commonly experience these conditions due to high sunlight intensity and rising temperatures. Dry vegetation is the perfect kindling for wildfires and one of the main reasons they are able to spread rapidly and inflict damage. All it takes is one discarded cigarette butt to set an entire state aflame. ## Campsite Accidents If you’re a camper, this one’s for you. One of the largest causes of wildfires is leaving campfires unattended. Whether you’re starting a fire to keep warm or to roast marshmallows for s’mores, if you forget to put it out before leaving the campsite, it can cause devastation and disaster for nearby wildlife. When constructing your next campfire, it’s important to choose a location far away from any vegetation or flammable objects. If the wind blows the wrong way, scalding embers and ash can be carried far into the forest and ignite an inferno. Be sure to keep your campfires small and manageable to prevent them from getting out of hand. While you might have only wanted a couple of flames to roast meat over the fire, you could end up with an entire forest of flames. ![A campsite with smoke from a campfire.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*13KnGGw8TxH6lG8P) Photo by Alex Kotomanov on Unsplash ## Human Negligence Many people are unaware of the ecological and financial consequences their actions can have. Tossing a cigarette butt out the car window, throwing a match in the trash can, and leaving the stove on are some of the most common mistakes people make that have disastrous consequences. When people throw their cigarettes out the car window or on the ground after smoking them, they are often still hot. If you discard your cigarette in the wrong spot or throw it on the wrong side of the road, it can ignite nearby vegetation and progress rapidly into a forest fire. Wait to discard your cigarettes in an ashtray instead of throwing them into the woods or on the side of the road. It’s much better for the environment and our trees! Throwing a match in the trash after using it can easily ignite the contents of the trash if it isn’t extinguished properly. Many people prefer to use matches to light candles or start fires in the winter, but it is important to know how to dispose of them properly. Run the match under cold water until the fire is extinguished and the tip is no longer hot before throwing it in the trash. Leaving the stove on can cause flammable materials that are nearby to ignite. This can be especially dangerous if you aren’t home when this occurs. If this fire spreads to the walls of your home, it could burn down your house and start a forest fire if you live in a very woodsy area. ![An ash tray full of cigarettes.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*rCyROuxDFH3genp6) Photo by Julia Engel on Unsplash # A Hawaiian Disaster On August 8th, 2023, a raging wildfire broke out on the island of Maui, destroying 2,170 acres of forest on the island. This fire had not only environmental effects, but cultural and social effects as well. ## How did the fire start? Hawaiian Electric admitted that one of their faulty power lines started the blaze. During a particularly dry and windy time, they failed to shut down the power lines that caused the fire. Power lines are another common cause of wildfires. If trees are cut down and fall into a power line, the electricity running through the line has the potential to ignite the trees. That fire then spreads to surrounding trees and brush until an entire forest is engulfed in flames, as was the case in Hawaii. However, the power line was not to blame for the entire wildfire. Although it started the original blaze, the fire would not have spread to the extent of the forest that it did without the false claims of Hawaiian firefighters. Firefighters claimed that the blaze was contained and left the region, assuming the fire would dwindle and extinguish itself naturally. They couldn’t have been more wrong. In the following days, a second wildfire appeared and engulfed the city of Lahaina. Strong winds from Hurricane Dora helped the new wildfire spread more rapidly than anyone could’ve anticipated, upending the lives of the people of Maui. ![Power lines against a backdrop of the sunset.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*zn-TVHv5p1V3hxiV) Photo by Nikola Johnny Mirkovic on Unsplash ## Cultural & Social Effects In addition to clearing thousands of acres of trees, the Hawaiian fires have impacted the lives of Hawaiians living on the island of Maui. The death count is currently around 115 people. An additional 400 people are missing, leaving their families desperately searching casualty lists for their names. The Maui fires have had their greatest impact in the city of Lahaina. Over 2,200 structures were destroyed by the fires, 86% of which were residential buildings. Thousands of locals have been displaced and lost their homes. These people are flocking to Hawaii’s homeless shelters in need of food, water, and shelter after the fire claimed their homes. However, Hawaii’s shelters can only help so many people. Moreover, major cultural buildings and landmarks native to Lahaina were destroyed in the fires, diminishing the rich culture that has existed in the region for centuries. The Waiola Church was destroyed, one of the first Christian churches ever established in the region. The cemetery behind the church was also the burial ground for important Hawaiian historical figures. On top of this, Lahaina’s heritage museum and hundreds of artifacts within it were incinerated in the blaze. ![Artifacts on a table in a museum.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*sp98o-5wJsyzSc79) Photo by Trnava University on Unsplash # A Canadian Catastrophe The Canadian wildfires began in March 2023 and are still burning strong. These wildfires have affected not only Canadians, but Americans living in the Northern states and East Coast of the United States as well. ## How did these fires start? The Canadian wildfires first erupted in British Columbia and Alberta. These fires eventually spread to Quebec and other Eastern Canadian cities and towns. Canada is a region with an abundance of forest and trees, perfect kindling for a fire. In the past, 86% of Canadian wildfires have begun because of lightning strikes. When lightning touches down in a forest or a dry, grassy field, the vegetation easily ignites and spreads to nearby areas. This year, Canada has had a particularly rough run with high temperatures and intense winds. High temperatures, winds, lightning, and vegetation are the perfect ingredients for a wildfire. ![Blue lighting streaking across the night sky.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*f1YvZI5rr0nCPnXK) Photo by Michał Mancewicz on Unsplash ## Air Pollution If you live in the Northern or Eastern US, you probably received air quality alerts throughout most of June. This was not your everyday air pollution. The Canadian wildfires produced such a large quantity of smoke that it covered all of the East Coast up to Georgia. The Midwestern and Northeastern states were hit the hardest by this pollution. Cities in these states were determined to have the worst air quality in the world multiple times throughout the month of June. People were advised to stay indoors as much as possible and wear masks if they had to go outside. People with respiratory issues were at high risk from the smoke and many ended up in the hospital. Even those without these issues reported that they experienced shortness of breath, coughing, and trouble breathing. In regions with particularly dense quantities of smoke, the skies turned yellow, orange, and red. The air smelled and looked like smoke. Air quality indexes exceeded 200, while air is only safe to breathe if the index is between 0 and 50. The smoke from Canadian wildfires had significant health impacts on both humans and wildlife. ![Smoke covering a large city.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*An3OYhggcbLsAuE_) Photo by Kristen Morith on Unsplash
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# Recap Wildfires can be caused by a variety of things such as leaving campfires unattended, discarding lit cigarettes, throwing out matches, and leaving the stove on. Certain natural events can also cause wildfires, including lightning strikes. The Maui wildfires were started by a faulty power line and spread to engulf most of the island of Maui. Thousands of people were displaced, hundreds were killed, and the city of Lahaina was decimated. The Canadian wildfires were caused by a lightning strike. The smoke from these fires spread across the US and endangered people’s respiratory health. # References 1. [USA Today](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/09/02/maui-fire-developers-investigation/70740771007/) 2. [AP News](https://apnews.com/article/hawaii-wildfires-maui-electricity-power-utilities-1741e22bbf955b62103db6b60f5c4853) 3. [Wired](https://www.wired.com/story/the-high-stakes-calculus-of-preventing-wildfires-by-burying-power-lines/#:~:text=And%20electricity%20can%20be%20a,t%20have%20time%20to%20evacuate.) 4. [NBC News](https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/number-missing-maui-wildfires-will-fall-double-digits-governor-says-rcna102878) 5. [CBS News](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lahaina-maui-fire-residents-destruction-loss-search-victims-hundreds-missing/) 6. [NPR](https://www.npr.org/2023/08/16/1193632164/mauis-cultural-landmarks-burned-but-all-is-not-lost#:~:text=Rick%20Bowmer%2FAP-,The%20destroyed%20Waiola%20Church%20is%20shown%20following%20wildfire%2C%20Friday%2C%20Aug,11%2C%202023%2C%20in%20Lahaina.&text=Tanya%20Lee%2DGreig-,The%20historic%20Waiola%20(Waine%C3%8A%C2%BBe)%20cemetery%20in%20Lanahai%20after,destroyed%20the%20nearby%20Waiola%20church.) 7. [NY Times](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/07/18/climate/canada-record-wildfires.html) 8. [North Carolina State University](https://cnr.ncsu.edu/news/2023/07/why-canadas-wildfires-are-so-bad/#:~:text=Canada's%20wildfires%20have%20forced%20more,variety%20of%20negative%20health%20effects.) 9. [CNN News](https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/16/weather/canada-wildfires-us-air-quality-alerts-sunday/index.html) ]]> Poopy Perils: The Seine River https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/poopy-perils-the-seine-river https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/poopy-perils-the-seine-river Thu, 25 Jul 2024 07:23:15 GMT Despite declarations to clean the Seine dating back to 1990, none have been successful until the recent $1.5 billion cleanup in preparation for the Summer 2024 Olympics. E. coli levels have fluctuated significantly over the past few months, calling into question the suitability of the Seine River in being used for the upcoming Olympic games. ... # History of the Seine River ![Houses in Paris near the Seine River](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*3cOIr2yZhn-Qek9h) Photo by Celine Ylmz on Unsplash The Seine River is one of the most famous rivers in the world. This 485 mile (780 kilometers) long river stretches from just northwest of Dijon through Paris, ultimately emptying into the English Channel. The Seine River marks the creation of Paris itself, as Middle Age merchants set up a settlement that grew into the Paris of today. As Emmanuel Grégoire, deputy mayor of Paris, put it, “The Seine is the reason why Paris was born.” The Seine River’s heavy pollution dates back to the 16th century, when countless bodies of those killed in the religious wars between Protestants and Catholics were dumped in the river. This trend of pollution continued with Parisians regularly dumping trash into the Seine River, including things like TV sets and motorcycles. Reportedly, 360 tons of large items are removed from the Seine River annually. However, the large amount of garbage that has accumulated over the years continues to pollute the Seine River. By far the largest issue plaguing the Seine River’s pollution is the disposal of massive amounts of sewage into the river. Due to the implementation of a combined sewer system in the 1860s by Georges-Eugène Haussmann, the same network holds both stormwater runoff and sewage in Paris. This design has led to both domestic and industrial sewage being continually dumped into the river annually to prevent overloading the sewage network and flooding during heavy rains. In 2022 alone, 1.9 million cubic meters of untreated wastewater were dumped into the Seine. While this amount is extremely high, it does not compare to the 90% larger amount of wastewater dumped into the Seine River annually 20 years ago. Due to heavy the pollution of the Seine, especially thanks to sewage, swimming in the Seine has been banned since 1923 by authorities. Efforts have been made to clean the Seine River since Jacques Chirac, former Paris mayor and French President, declared a major cleanup of the river in 1990. However, these efforts were largely unsuccessful until this $1.5 billion dollar cleaning effort in preparation for the Summer 2024 Olympics. This costly operation includes recruiting ingenious engineers to sort out Paris’ complicated underground network of pipes to implement a huge rainwater basin to collect rainwater runoff. This basin will hold rainwater until it can be slowly released into Paris’ sewage network and later treated at a plant before entering the Seine River as clean water. # Clean Enough? ![Boats in the Seine facing the Eiffel Tower](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*sVSu0NhJ0a9Ibijl) Photo by Free Nomad on Unsplash With the water quality of the Seine River being miraculously brought to safe levels after years of heavy pollution, skeptics remain doubtful about the cleanliness and safety of swimming in the Seine River. To be considered safe for competitions, the World Triathlon Federation stipulates that E. coli levels must be below 900 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters. While the Seine River tests clean and safe enough for competition on certain days, other days, particularly those following heavy rain, test unsafe. Despite past years having at least 3 week-long dry spells by the end of June, this year has shown more rain than usual. This raises concerns that the Seine River water will be pushed over safe limits of E. coli during the Olympics. Despite the effort to clean a heavily polluted body of water, the concerns over the Seine’s cleanliness for the Summer 2024 Olympics highlight the harms brought on by pollution.
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# Recap The Seine River has long historical ties to Paris and, consequently, to its pollution. Pollution that began in the 16th century has continued to plague the Seine River as dead bodies, sewage, and random large objects have been disposed in the river. Despite declarations to clean the Seine dating back to 1990, none have been successful until the recent $1.5 billion cleanup in preparation for the Summer 2024 Olympics. This initiative, that directs rainwater and overflowing sewage to a huge basin, has been somewhat successful. The Seine River has been reportedly tested daily with some days showing safe levels of E. coli and others showing unsafe levels. The rise and fall of E. coli levels has been attributed to heavy rainfall. With Paris having uncharacteristically high rainfall this past year, concerns have been raised about whether the Seine River will be safe to swim in for all of the Summer 2024 Olympics. The mere concern over whether the Seine River will be safe is a testament to how harmful pollution has been on the world. ## References 1. [CBS News](https://www.cbs42.com/2024-olympics/can-the-seine-be-clean-enough-for-paris-olympic-swimming-events/) 2. [Time](https://time.com/6261729/seine-clean-up-paris-olympics-2024/) 3. [I Shit in the Seine on June 23rd](https://jechiedanslaseinele23juin.fr/#link) 4. [NPR](https://www.npr.org/2024/07/17/g-s1-11397/paris-mayor-seine-swim-olympics-anne-hidalgo)]]> The Truth About Private Jets https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-truth-about-private-jets https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-truth-about-private-jets Thu, 25 Jul 2024 06:30:06 GMT Private jets may be the ultimate dream ride for the wealthy, but we can’t ignore their contributions to climate change. It is time for private jet owners to take a more eco-friendly approach to their flight habits by embracing sustainable aviation technology, participating in carbon offsetting, and promoting greener regulations. ... # The Issues with Private Jets Picture yourself lounging on the luxurious leather seat of a private jet, relaxing and watching the city unfold beneath you. That’s the life of a private jet owner. They are able to avoid crowded airports, set their own schedules, and fly directly to any destination. While this vision might seem glamorous, private jets are not exactly earth-friendly. Private jets, along with the rest of the aviation industry, are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions due to their extremely high per-passenger carbon footprint. ## Fuel Inefficiency Private jets use more fuel compared to commercial planes, meaning they emit more carbon dioxide. Commercial aircraft are designed to accommodate hundreds of passengers while private jets are much smaller and often carry only a few people at once. As a result, private jets consume more fuel per passenger, leading to much higher carbon dioxide emissions per person. For example, a private jet emits 10–20 times the amount of carbon dioxide than a commercial aircraft does on the same route. ![Carbon dioxide (CO2) written out in clouds.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*wzfllyf_tXqS9CNZ4I5efA.jpeg) Photo by Matthias Heyde on Unsplash ## Empty Leg Flights Empty leg flights are when private jets fly without passengers, either to their next destination or back home. The amount of fuel wasted on these flights is tremendous and contributes greatly to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Empty leg flights are a significant concern in the private jet industry. Since private jets often operate on personalized schedules, they can end up flying without passengers on board very frequently. This occurs when they need to reposition for a new charter or return to their home base after completing a flight. These empty leg flights not only cause unnecessary emissions of dangerous greenhouse gases, but also represent a significant economic inefficiency. ![The interior of an empty private jet.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*cw-7Spii8gAByUrcMqXAGw.jpeg) Photo by Yaroslav Muzyche on Unsplash ## Noise Pollution Most private jets opt to fly out of small, private airports close to residential areas in order to reach their destination more efficiently. In addition, it is 90% cheaper to fly out of a regional airport than a commercial airport. Although flying out of a regional airport may lower the expenses of flying for private jet owners, it can be a nuisance for the people that live near regional airports. Private jets cause not only air pollution, but noise pollution. The noise from private jets taking off and landing can disrupt the peace and tranquility of nearby neighborhoods. ![A peaceful street of row houses.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*mVThMxENOdWaFC2p) Photo by Emiliano Zapata on Unsplash # A Balance Between Luxury and Sustainability Before you completely swear off private jets, there are ways to lessen their impact on the environment. ## Eco-Friendly Technology It’s time for the private jet industry to invest in sustainable aviation technology. Think electric or hybrid aircraft and eco-friendly aviation fuels. As the world focuses on reducing carbon emissions and starts transitioning to sustainable energy sources, the aviation industry is also exploring greener alternatives. Hybrid-electric and fully electric aircraft are emerging as potential solutions to reduce the negative environmental impact of aviation. These innovative technologies have the potential to revolutionize the way we fly and significantly decrease the carbon footprint of private jets. In addition to adopting new aircraft technology, the use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) is gaining traction in the industry. SAFs are derived from renewable sources such as agricultural waste, algae, and used cooking oil. This makes them a more environmentally friendly option compared to traditional fossil-based aviation fuels. By embracing these eco-friendly technologies and alternative options, the private jet industry can take a step towards a more sustainable future. ![A field of wind turbines producing an alternative, greener source of energy — wind energy.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*oaFTBVuHBLKSqrLz) Photo by Tyler Casey on Unsplash ## Offsetting the Carbon Footprint People who fly on private jets should take responsibility for their carbon emissions. They can participate in carbon offset programs that invest in projects to reduce or remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon offsetting allows individuals and companies to compensate for their carbon emissions by investing in projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. These projects can include reforestation initiatives, renewable energy projects, and methane capture programs. By participating in carbon offsetting, private jet travelers can neutralize their environmental impact and contribute to global efforts to combat climate change. A few trees still standing, with the forest around it completely decimated. Photo by Matt Palmer on Unsplash ## Green Regulations Governments can take action by setting emission standards and encouraging eco-friendly practices in the private aviation sector. Government regulations play a crucial role in driving sustainable practices across industries, including aviation. By implementing stricter emissions standards for private jets and providing incentives for greener operations, governments can push the industry towards a more environmentally responsible path. Additionally, investing in the development of sustainable aviation technologies can be supported through research grants and tax incentives. ![A person cupping soil with a plant growing out of it.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*pKM7eo8x22iC1u88) Photo by Noah Buscher on Unsplash ## Jetpooling Let’s not forget about the empty legs problem. Encouraging shared private jet flights can help optimize passenger occupancy and reduce unnecessary emissions. Have you ever carpooled with a friend to an event because your parents couldn’t drive you? This is essentially the same concept: jetpooling. Instead of sharing a car, you’re sharing a private jet. Collaborative efforts to optimize private jet travel can significantly decrease the negative environmental impact of private jets. For instance, private jet operators can explore shared flight programs, allowing multiple passengers to share the same aircraft for their trips. By consolidating passengers on a single flight, private jet operators can reduce the number of empty leg flights and maximize the efficiency of each journey. ![Two people shaking hands in an agreement.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*gBfVRMhUbrTrvADZ) Photo by Cytonn Photography on Unsplash
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# Recap Private jets may be the ultimate dream ride for the wealthy, but we can’t ignore their contributions to climate change. It is time for private jet owners to take a more eco-friendly approach to their flight habits by embracing sustainable aviation technology, participating in carbon offsetting, and promoting greener regulations. So, the next time you see a private jet high up in the sky, remember the what lies behind the glamour. It’s up to all of us to make responsible choices to ensure that a blue sky remains for future generations to see. ]]> The Perils of the Willow Oil Project https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-perils-of-the-willow-oil-project https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-perils-of-the-willow-oil-project Thu, 25 Jul 2024 03:57:50 GMT The Willow Oil Project is central to many environmental debates due to its negative environmental impact and economic opportunities. It threatens to worsen climate change and disrupt fragile ecosystems, endangering species like polar bears. ... ## Carbon Emissions An increase in carbon emissions is one of the most alarming aspects of the Willow Project. The US government estimates that the project could release 9.2 million metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere annually, roughly equivalent to the combined emissions from two million passenger cars over the same time period. Even prior to the implementation of the Willow Project, our world is struggling to adapt to climate change. If we allow carbon emissions to increase this drastically, it will not only stop the progress we’ve made to combat climate change, but bring us backward. Climate change could become an even bigger issue than it already is. Willow is on the path to worsen global warming and increase both the severity and frequency of many severe weather events. ![A birds-eye view of smoke billowing from a factory.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*u9WnTVaL5hmoTzVg) Photo by Marcin Jozwiak on Unsplash ## Impact on Climate Change The potential of the Willow Oil Project to release 260 million metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere over the next 30 years raises concerns about the irreversible consequences of the project. In past years, climate scientists have repeatedly warned us that rising global temperatures can be catastrophic. The sheer scale of emissions associated with this project could significantly hasten the process of global warming, making it nearly impossible to keep our world safe for future generations. Although many carbon offset programs have been established, the scales of these projects are still relatively small. Sure, planting trees can help reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, but we are not planting nearly enough trees to compensate for our current level of emissions. The Willow Oil Project would raise the current level of carbon emissions to new heights, making the efforts of carbon offset programs futile. If we don’t act now to reduce our carbon footprint, climate change will be irreversible. The Willow Oil Project is setting us back in the fight against climate change. We must prevent future oil drilling projects from being approved. ![A sign that reads “climate justice now!”](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*T0t2IN0yYWXbGlmF) Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash ## Threats to Fragile Ecosystems The Willow Oil Project is situated in Alaska, an area that serves as a habitat for various species, including whales, walruses, and caribou. These ecosystems are already struggling due to the effects of climate change. The additional disturbances caused by the project’s construction and operation pose a severe threat to these fragile ecosystems. It is also a concern that the project could result in habitat loss for animals living in the Alaskan wetlands. Polar bears in particular are already listed as a threatened species and further habitat disturbances could push them closer to the brink of extinction. Many Alaskan animals are already grappling with the harsh realities of climate change. Ice caps are melting rapidly due to global warming and taking away the homes of various species in the process. More species are becoming endangered than ever before due to human actions. We are currently in the midst of the sixth mass extinction on Earth with extinction rates 1,000–10,000 times the normal rate. Willow will only exacerbate the extinction of these species by putting the habitats of Alaskan species into jeopardy and contributing to climate change. ![An Alaskan Caribou running in a valley.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*gGwseQBC4zs6SXV0) Photo by Joris Beugels on Unsplash ## Disruption of Indigenous Communities The approval of the Willow Oil Project has sparked controversy among Alaskan Natives. When the project was approved by the Biden Administration, they argued that it would create job opportunities for unemployed Alaskans. While some see economic promise in new oil drilling jobs, others oppose the project, arguing that financial gains cannot outweigh the severity of the impact Willow would have on the environment. If the world reaches unsurvivable temperatures, financial gain is the least of our worries. Traditional Alaskan practices, such as hunting caribou have been around for thousands of years. Caribou are a vital part of Alaskan culture for hunting practice and food. Indigenous Alaskan youth learn to hunt and dress caribou as a rite of passage. Climate change jeopardizes caribou migrations, and limits their ability to traverse once-frozen areas. Without them, native Alaskans will struggle to find alternative food sources. ![A sign that reads “now hiring.”](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*sKxVM20_KzwwtQZF) Photo by Ernie Journeys on Unsplash ## Pressure on the President The approval of the Willow Oil Project also contradicts the promises of the Biden Administration. President Biden, during his 2020 election campaign, pledged to halt oil and gas drilling projects on federal lands as part of a commitment to addressing the urgent climate crisis. The approval of the Willow Project is viewed by many as a betrayal of this promise. Many have cited President Biden’s dedication to fighting the climate crisis and his support for laws that promote clean energy as contradictory to the approval of the Willow Project. They see it as a significant departure from his campaign promises and his commitment to accelerating the transition to renewable energy sources. There is still a lot of controversy surrounding President Biden’s decision regarding the Willow Oil Project; he faces pressure from both sides of the debate. There are those who support the project, arguing that the economic benefits will outweigh the repercussions. However, those committed to protecting the environment and addressing climate change remain steady in their decision to oppose the project, a project they believe will have devastating long-term effects. ![The White House on a clear, sunny day.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*QzgvCx-SwocZok_A) Photo by Michael Schofield on Unsplash ## Urgent Need for Change The debate over the Willow Oil Project demonstrates just how urgent it is to move away from nonrenewable resources, such as fossil fuels, and towards sustainable, renewable sources of energy. Climate activists and environmental organizations alike argue that the United States must support clean energy sources and sustainable practices in order to protect the world we live in. There are hundreds of petitions against Willow on websites such as change.org. Many scientists and engineers are also working on developing solar, wind, and geothermal energy sources. Karlin Nageak Itchoak, senior regional director for The Wilderness Society’s Arctic region, sums up the sentiment of many environmental advocates: “The biggest message we’re sending out loud today is that now is the time for the Biden administration to lead us into a just transition off of fossil fuels and into a more regenerative economy. The only responsible action here for President Biden is to cancel Willow.” ![A field of solar panels](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*XsQsbijWGucz8Z5C) Photo by American Public Power Association on Unsplash ## Costs vs. Benefits The Willow Oil Project is a key example of maintaining the balance between economic interests and environmental responsibility. The project will have horrible environmental impacts, including a massive increase in carbon emissions, habitat disruption, and cultural upheaval. However, the project will provide countless jobs to unemployed indigenous peoples. The decisions made about Willow will have profound consequences for our planet and future generations. Balancing the potential economic benefits with the environmental and cultural costs will undoubtedly be a challenging task, but one of utmost importance for the sake of our environment and our futures. ![A stack of 8 rocks balanced on top of one another on a sandy beach.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*TL1vVBgwrfxVNS7_) Photo by Nadin Mario on Unsplash
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# Recap The Willow Oil Project is central to many environmental debates due to its negative environmental impact and economic opportunities. It threatens to worsen climate change and disrupt fragile ecosystems, endangering species like polar bears. Alaskan Natives are divided over the project’s economic benefits versus environmental risks. President Biden faces pressure as the project contradicts his election campaign. Willow highlights our urgent need to transition to sustainable energy sources. 1. [NCHS Courant](https://nchscourant.com/why-the-willow-project-is-posing-an-irreversible-threat-to-our-environment-and-how-you-can-stop-it/#:~:text=Though%20seemingly%20mundane%2C%20singing%20and,ultimately%20lead%20to%20irreversible%20change.) 2. [Alaska Public Media](https://alaskapublic.org/2023/03/16/willow-oil-project-approval-intensifies-alaska-natives-rift/) 3. [Defenders](https://defenders.org/willow-project#:~:text=This%20oil%20and%20gas%20extraction,polluted%20and%20noisy%20oil%20field.) 4. [Environment America](https://environmentamerica.org/articles/what-is-the-willow-project-a-ticking-carbon-bomb/#:~:text=The%20construction%20and%20transportation%20involved,to%20public%20health%20and%20safety.) 5. [PBS](https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/what-is-the-controversy-behind-the-alaska-willow-oil-project#:~:text=Using%20the%20oil%20from%20Willow,over%20the%20same%20time%20period.) 6. [Nature United](https://www.natureunited.ca/what-we-do/our-priorities/innovating-for-climate-change/conserving-caribou/#:~:text=A%20Cultural%20Hallmark,to%20detect%20the%20serious%20decline.) 7. [World Wildlife Fund](https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/what-is-the-sixth-mass-extinction-and-what-can-we-do-about-it#:~:text=The%20planet%20has%20experienced%20five,of%20a%20sixth%20mass%20extinction.)]]> Attack of the Algae https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/attack-of-the-algae https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/attack-of-the-algae Thu, 25 Jul 2024 03:49:22 GMT Algae overgrowth is harmful to plants, animals, and humans, as it causes sickness through the toxins it releases, causing death and higher water purification costs; covers plants below preventing sunlight from reaching them; and depletes waters of oxygen, leading to the deaths of organisms surrounding these algae overgrowths. ... # Causes ![A body of water turned green by the amount of algae in it](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*0yxBrpdSbX0vjSPJ) Photo by Mihály Köles on Unsplash In the correct conditions, algae can become wildly overgrown and damage the organisms surrounding it. Although algae can grow at all times of the year, even under ice, algae particularly grow during late summer and early fall. Blooms can last anywhere from several days to multiple months if conditions allow. This timing is mainly due to algae’s preference for warm temperatures with cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae, preferring temperatures over 25 degrees Celsius. As the sun heats up the surface of the water during the spring, continuing throughout the summer into early fall, thermal stratification occurs where the surface of the water becomes warm while deeper bottom layers remain cold. This temperature difference results in density stratification, which creates a beneficial condition for algae to grow rapidly. More light, which warms up stagnant water and provides energy for photosynthesis, creates optimal conditions for algae growth. Algae prefer conditions with more light, so some algae species, such as cyanobacteria, may control their buoyancy to position themselves higher in water columns to achieve this. Also, although algae can grow in turbid waters, algae prefer stable conditions in stagnant water due to its promotion of thermal stratification, which allows for density stratification. The final optimal condition of algae overgrowth is eutrophication, which is the nutrient enrichment of water. Algae need the essential nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus to grow. Phosphorus is known to limit algal growth in large amounts, while algae exposed to high amounts of nitrogen in waters often rapidly grow. Certain farming practices can cause eutrophication, as industrial farmers use great amounts of nitrogenous fertilizer to efficiently and quickly grow plants. Shoreline development, wastewater and sewage practices of dumping waste in water bodies, and urban stormwater runoff have also been known to deliver high amounts of nitrogen to waters and cause eutrophication. # Negative Consequences to the Environment ![Algae floating on the surface of a body of water](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*wbmSkmXKa8LuBeak) Photo by Jordan Whitfield on Unsplash Although seemingly harmless floating on the surfaces of water, algae can have detrimental effects on the organisms surrounding them. Following the theme of the day, algae overgrowth tends to deprive organisms surrounding it of essential objects to their survival. For one, algae often deprive plants and the animals below them of oxygen. On the occasional rainy day or under cloudy conditions, like many other plants, algae will undergo cellular respiration to survive. The massive amount of algal cells conducting photosynthesis in algal blooms often quickly depletes water sources of oxygen, leading to the deaths of many fish and other organisms. Although plants do not seemingly need oxygen, that is a myth many people believe. Contrary to popular belief, plants do undergo cellular respiration, especially in conditions lacking mass amounts of sunlight, and require oxygen to do so. For the fish and other organisms in the water, many require aerobic conditions as well to survive. Because of this, algae overgrowth in bodies of water causes mass death. Algal blooms also prevent sunlight from reaching plants below. Due to algae’s tendency to grow at the surface of waters, primarily from their need for warm conditions, and tendency to cluster, large patches of algae form, covering organisms below. Sunlight cannot reach through these thick films, leaving plants below without light energy to conduct photosynthesis. Their inability to conduct photosynthesis leaves them without glucose and, ultimately, without the ability to survive. To put the final nail in the coffin, so to speak, algae releases toxins into the surrounding water. These toxins infect the water and can cause illness in humans and animals that may be deadly, contributing to the death toll caused by algae overgrowth. # Negative Consequences to Humans ![Long green algae](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*bpd-NtXIuD6wwg6J) Photo by Martin Dawson on Unsplash As a human, you may feel some sense of compassion for these dying plants and animals in waters with algae overgrowth. In these scenarios, many humans still do not take any action due to the mindset that these issues do not impact them. However, algae overgrowth can negatively impact the health of individuals, as well as create the much-hated financial burden of higher prices on water treatment. Algae are known to leak toxins into the surrounding water, which can cause symptoms including irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, or throat. More severely, it can also cause stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, fevers, fatigue, and neurological symptoms such as muscle weakness or dizziness, depending on how long contact was with the various toxins released by algae. This risk is heightened by the fact that many water companies use the waters infected by toxins from algae overgrowth. Though water treatment is available, water purification does not always remove all substances that can make a person or animal ill. For the time it takes to purify these infected waters, and for the purification that doesn’t even remove all toxins, prices are heightened to cover the extra effort. Any individual drinking from waters with algae overgrowth, even after purification, risks health issues and is subjected to the long-hated costs of water purification. # How You Can Help ![Fuzzy green algae](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*7CetDCPERJScmqn_) Photo by Marius Badstuber on Unsplash To prevent terrible cases of algae overgrowth in once-healthy waters, you can monitor waters for algal blooms. The following organizations will assist in identifying toxic algal blooms before they break out and prevent overgrowth before it begins: - [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Phytoplankton Monitoring Network](https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/monitoring-and-assessments/pmn/) - [New York Citizens Statewide Lake Assessment Program](https://dec.ny.gov/environmental-protection/water/water-quality/monitoring) - [Kentucky Watershed Watch](https://www.kywater.org/) - [Wisconsin Water Action Volunteers](https://wateractionvolunteers.org/news/wav-monitoring-activities-suspended/) In addition to watching out for these overgrowths, as a civilian, you can prevent some nutrients from leaking into the waters by advocating for several solutions to nutrient pollution. For one, you can spread the message to farmers and anybody with their own garden to use fertilizers only in appropriate amounts and at appropriate times. Oftentimes, farmers and civilians alike use high amounts of fertilizer, despite there being no need for it, to ensure the growth of their plants. However, much of the fertilizer that is overused ends up in contact with water and contributes to nutrient pollution. You can advocate for the use of better drainage systems, such as Subsurface Tile Drainage practices which are used in the Middle East. Better drainage systems may allow for water carrying high amounts of nutrients to gradually decrease in nutrient concentration as it is carried to other areas, while still providing proper drainage for crops. To prevent high amounts of nutrient water from reaching bodies of water, you can also advocate for the use of more field buffers, such as trees, to use up the nutrients before they reach the water, or watersheds to direct the nutrient water flow to a more favorable area. Building fences to prevent livestock from reaching water sources and expelling more nutrients into the waters, and farmers reducing the intensity of field tilling to allow for less runoff, may also be beneficial actions to advocate for in your local community.
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# Recap Algae overgrowth is caused by a variety of optimal conditions including warm temperatures, stagnant and stable water, high amounts of sunlight, correct seasonal times, and eutrophication of the water. Eutrophication, which is the nutrient enrichment of bodies of water, contributes to nutrient pollution, which can be prevented through various means such as field buffers, less tilling, preventing livestock from reaching water sources, watersheds, better drainage systems, and fertilizer in correct amounts. These actions can be advocated by civilians to prevent algae overgrowth. Algae overgrowth is harmful to plants, animals, and humans, as it causes sickness through the toxins it releases, causing death and higher water purification costs; covers plants below preventing sunlight from reaching them; and depletes waters of oxygen, leading to the deaths of organisms surrounding these algae overgrowths. These overgrowths can be prevented further with civilians informing themselves of the signs of incoming algae overgrowth and reporting to state officials these issues before algae overgrowth can come to fruition. Overall, algae overgrowth is harmful to the environment and the organisms living in it, thus we must take measures to prevent them. ## References 1. [Environmental Protection Agency — Sources and Solutions: Agriculture](https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/sources-and-solutions-agriculture#:~:text=Applying%20fertilizers%20in%20the%20proper,water%20and%20protects%20stream%20banks.) 2. [Environmental Protection Agency — Harmful Algal Blooms](https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/harmful-algal-blooms#:~:text=Harmful%20algal%20blooms%20can%3A,treatment%20costs%20for%20drinking%20water) 3. [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://www.cdc.gov/habs/be-aware-habs.html) 4. [Government of British Columbia](https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/air-land-water/water/water-quality/algae-watch/what-are-algae/causes-of-an-algae-bloom#:~:text=Algae%20blooms%20can%20occur%20when,%2C%20and%20stable%20wind%20conditions).)]]> The Straw Dilemma https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-straw-dilemma https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-straw-dilemma Thu, 25 Jul 2024 03:48:18 GMT Plastic straws are not safe for the environment as they decompose extremely slowly and recycling machinery is not equipped to recycle the small plastic tubes. Even though many people think using paper straws is better for the environment, it isn’t a perfect fix as paper isn’t recycled when it is stained with food or drink. ... ## Plastic Straws ![A capri-sun with a plastic straw sticking out of it.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*L-gundtMzNnoFiBMlTuqiQ@2x.jpeg) Photo by TEDI *Is it summer and you’re ordering a nice, refreshing drink at the poolside refreshment stand? Is it winter and you’re picking up hot chocolate to sip in front of the fire at home?* Many people come and go to buy drinks at cafes, restaurants, and coffee shops each day. Regardless of the place you choose to buy your beverage, almost all of them serve you your beverage with a plastic straw. The most common culprits: Dunkin Donuts and Starbucks. 3 of every 4 Americans drink coffee every day without a thought to the plastic device they are using to drink it. When faced with this issue, most people would say recycling is the solution. Surprisingly, recycling is the one thing that won’t help solve our straw dilemma. The problem with plastic straws is the inability for them to be recycled. Straws are small in size and often fall through machinery used in the recycling process. Thus, even if the cup of the beverage is recyclable, the straw is not. The result of this is millions of recycled plastic straws lying in landfills for decades, contaminating our environment and posing a great threat to wildlife. According to Our Last Straw, 7.5 million plastic straws were found, and removed, in 5 years from U.S. shores alone. It’s astounding to think that something as small as a straw can amount to such a sheer amount of plastic that takes decades, at minimum, to break down. Hence, we are rallying for change to save our environment. Straw manufacturing companies must stop producing plastic straws and turn towards producing reusable, environmentally-friendly straws. This is necessary in order to keep today’s world and future generations protected. ## Paper Straws ![A cup full of paper straws with different designs on them.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*YInVD4xnGMnkeat_HOVG8Q@2x.jpeg) Photo by Jason D on Unsplash While plastic straws are still the norm for most fast food chains, many restaurants are looking towards a more eco-friendly material to accompany ones favorite drink. Growing in popularity, paper straws are becoming more regularly seen in restaurants. Countries in the EU, as stated by the European Commission, are also becoming more aware of the hazards of single use plastics, and have since placed restrictions on the use of plastic straws for drinks. In various countries around Europe, restaurants can be seen transitioning to paper straws, some sporting a crisp black outer color while others are are more vibrant. Paper straws are widely seen as more environmentally friendly, as they decompose faster than plastic. This is because paper comes from trees and is more natural compared to artificial plastic. Paper is broken down by bacteria because it decomposes easily. On the other hand, plastic is a tougher material that cannot be broken down by bacteria. It can take plastic anywhere from 20–500 years to break down fully. During that time is when plastic has the potential to end up in landfills or in the stomachs of aquatic organisms. However, paper straws can’t solve all of our problems; especially when deforestation is such a prevalent issue in today’s world. Trees are cut down by the thousands to produce paper products each year, including paper straws. Without companies pledging to lower their carbon footprint by offsetting the amount of greenhouse gases they produce, many forests will be cut down to produce paper straws. This creates a massive problem as trees provide necessary oxygen for the rapidly growing human population and give habitats to many species. As birth rates climb and the human life span lengthens, deforestation is a problem that needs to be addressed sooner rather than later. While paper is easier to recycle than plastic, paper straws and other paper materials used for food and drinks are recycled less because food soaks into the paper. Thus, paper straws still create waste in landfills. Both paper and plastic straws pose a threat to our environment when used in bulk by humans. We must explore alternatives in order to reduce landfill waste, animal death, and pollution. ## Solutions ![Glass straws in the dishwasher.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*C5kcj2FYieirJDMqotOk1w@2x.jpeg) Photo by Kym MacKinnon on Unsplash ## Stop Using Straws The simplest solution is to avoid using straws. Eliminating the use of straws would reduce the amount of waste in landfills, prevent plastic pollution in major waterways, and save the lives of marine animals. Many people drink from mugs or cups when pouring themselves a beverage at home. If more people took this approach when ordering a drink at a restaurant, straws wouldn’t pose as much of a danger to the environment. It’s as simple as refusing a straw at a restaurant or telling a barista at a local coffee shop not to include a straw in your drink. Drinking straight from a cup instead of through a straw is a small price to pay to help protect the environment. ## Buy a Reusable Cup Another solution is buying a reusable cup for drinks. Most major beverage companies, such as Dunkin Donuts and Starbucks, now sell reusable cups in their stores. In recent times, more people carry around reusable cups with their beverages prepared at home. This helps the environment and is a better investment. Instead of buying a new cup each time you order a drink, purchase a reusable cup once and use it for every beverage you order. ## Plastic Straw Hack As mentioned above, straws are generally not recycled due to their tendency to slip through the cracks of recycling machinery. However, there is a way you can recycle your plastic straws successfully. According to Get Green Now, placing plastic straws into a jar made of plastic is a hack for recycling plastic straws. Since the packaging is much larger, it will not slip past recycling machines and will be successfully recycled. ## Reusable Straws For those who prefer to use straws when drinking their beverages, purchasing reusable straws is an easy way to help the environment. These straws are cleaned and reused rather than thrown out. Reusable straws are constructed of glass, stainless steel, and other materials that are eco-friendly. When purchasing a reusable straw, most companies even include a brush to help clean the interior of the straw. Most variants of reusable straws are dishwasher friendly and last a long time with proper care.
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# Recap Plastic straws are not safe for the environment as they decompose extremely slowly and recycling machinery is not equipped to recycle the small plastic tubes. Even though many people think using paper straws is better for the environment, it isn’t a perfect fix as paper isn’t recycled when it is stained with food or drink. Solutions to our straw dilemma include drinking straight from the cup, purchasing reusable cups, packaging plastic straws together, and buying a reusable straw. Take action now to protect our environment from plastic pollution. # References 1. [Our Last Straw](https://www.ourlaststraw.org/facts-figures) 2. [European Commission](https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/plastics/single-use-plastics/eu-restrictions-certain-single-use-plastics_en) 3. [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/woodmackenzie/2020/08/24/is-paper-a-more-sustainable-flexible-packaging-material-than-plastic/?sh=18d2525812d4) 4. [Dr. Meir Barak Department of Structural Biology Weizmann Institute of Science](https://davidson.weizmann.ac.il/en/online/askexpert/why-does-it-take-plastic-so-long-break-down?amp=) 5. [National Grid](https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/energy-explained/what-is-net-zero) 6. [Get Green Now](https://get-green-now.com/recycle-plastic-straws/) 7. [Habits of Waste](https://habitsofwaste.org/call-to-action/plastic-straws-cutlery/#:~:text=The%20average%20person%20in%20the,and%20thrown%20away%20each%20year.) 8. [Drive Research](https://www.driveresearch.com/market-research-company-blog/coffee-survey/#:~:text=3%20in%204%20Americans%20drink,drinking%20coffee%20benefits%20their%20health)]]> Microplastic Mitigation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/microplastic-mitigation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/microplastic-mitigation Thu, 25 Jul 2024 03:42:33 GMT The pervasive presence of microplastics in our environment highlights the urgent need for action at individual, state, and federal levels. Microplastics released from synthetic textiles, plastic containers, vehicle tires, and personal care products, have infiltrated ecosystems around the world and threatened the health of humans and aquatic organisms. ... # Public Ignorance ![Products with microbeads in them.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*JBfCaCyS4KGXdVrnVaKpXQ.jpeg) You may be wondering, “Why haven’t I heard about microplastics until now?” The truth is, the magnitude of the microplastic issue has caught many people by surprise. Plastic products have seamlessly woven themselves into our society and culture, but in the grand scheme of things, plastics are a relatively recent technological advancement. Initially, plastic debris appears as large items, gradually breaking down into smaller and smaller pieces over time. The decomposition process is slow; plastic waste can take anywhere from 20 to 500 years to degrade. As a result, the presence of microplastics has only recently come to our attention. It’s crucial to note that plastic never truly decomposes. Every piece of plastic manufactured will always remain in the world, mostly at a microscopic level. As new information comes to light about microplastics, many research initiatives have sprung up across the world to further explore them and their potentially toxic effects on our environment. For example, microbeads, uniform polymer particles that range from 0.5–500 microns in diameter, were added as exfoliants to health and beauty products starting in 1977. By 2012, a significant portion of these products contained microbeads and the public was completely unaware of the toxins they were massaging into their skin in the shower each night. Only in 2015, more than 40 years after the development of microbeads, were they banned from cosmetic and personal care products. # Contributors to Microplastic Production Although microbeads were banned in 2015, microplastic production did not end. In fact, microplastic concentrations have increased exponentially as of late with the expansion of production of plastic-based commodities. ## Synthetic Textiles ![A stack of textiles in a variety of colors.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*cThLGYzidKCSQD0r) Photo by Mel Poole on Unsplash Synthetic textiles are the primary source of microplastics in our oceans, accounting for a staggering 35% of the total volume of microplastics. 50% of materials used to make textiles, including polyester, nylon, and acrylicare, are plastic-based. Why not just use other materials for textile production? The widespread use of polyester fabrics stems from their cost-effectiveness and versatility, allowing manufacturers to create a diverse array of products without having to purchase different types of material. While this may benefit textile-manufacturing companies, using plastic-based materials in clothing production allows microplastics to escape into the environment. Washing synthetic textiles triggers the release of microplastics into wash water as the fibers rub against each other. When this water is disposed of, it makes its way into freshwater and saltwater systems, eventually reaching our food and water supplies. Many firms don’t have proper microplastic filtration systems in place because they are too minuscule to be filtered out of solution using conventional filtration methods. More refined technology is needed for this process to be successful. ## Plastic Containers ![Single-use plastic water bottles dumped into a pile of trash.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*YxCNheySgGT2CVTCGVPgKA.jpeg) Plastic packaging accounts for 42% of all microplastics produced. Unfortunately, firms across the world have plasticized almost all consumer goods. Plastic food containers, packaging, bottles, disposable cups, and even plastic-coated metal has released microplastics directly into our food supply. By storing, preparing, and consuming food in plastic containers, people are directly ingesting toxic microplastics. The popularity of microwavable meals and meal kits, glorified for their convenience and ease of preparation, has surged in recent years. However, this convenience comes at a hidden cost. These meals, typically packaged in single-use plastic containers, have long microwave times, often exceeding five minutes for a seemingly “quick” meal. With each passing second in the microwave, more microplastics leach into your meal. While these products are convenient, the long-term consequences of microplastic ingestion may not be worth the 30 minutes you saved by microwaving something instead of cooking a meal. ## Vehicle Tires ![Multiple stacks of black tires.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*F1vRVmSriJ52s_fL) Photo by Robert Laursoo on Unsplash Surprisingly, vehicle tires are the second-largest contributors to microplastics in oceans, accounting for 28% of total microplastic volume. Traditionally, tires were crafted by wrapping leather around wood. However, modern tire manufacturing has shifted toward using synthetic rubbers and plastic polymers to encase metal tire frames, contributing to the production of microplastics. This approach was not nearly as harmful to the environment as our current method of tire production is. While driving, tires undergo continuous wear and tear from heat and friction generated by contact with the road’s surface. Tire dust and residue, composed of small plastic and rubber particles, do not undergo decomposition. Instead, these particles are dispersed by wind and rain, eventually finding their way into tributaries, lakes, and ultimately, oceans. Alarmingly, recent studies have revealed that Americans are the leading contributors to tire wear per capita, collectively generating an estimated 1.8 million tons of microplastics annually. ## Personal Care Products ![A woman using a product containing microbeads on her face.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*_Gmo3PuV5GZgs3YNfRj-FQ.jpeg) Despite the US government’s ban on the manufacture and sale of personal care products containing microbeads, the allure of these tiny plastic particles remains strong for manufacturers worldwide. Microbeads serve various purposes in personal care items, acting as exfoliants, delivering active ingredients, and controlling product viscosity. Although the ban was implemented in the US, other countries continue to produce and distribute these products on a global scale. Shockingly, some personal care products now contain up to 10% of their weight in plastics, with certain items containing several thousand microbeads per gram. The real issue with these microbeads lies in their disposal after use. Despite our confidence in water filtration systems, they remain incapable of effectively filtering out these minuscule particles. As a result, microbeads easily bypass filtration systems and infiltrate our waterways. # Issues with Microplastics ![A stethoscope on a bed of fabric.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*tjL4Vc_p2uKsvA6Z) Photo by Hush Naidoo Jade Photography on Unsplash Microplastics have raised concerns among doctors and scientists alike because of their harmful effects on humans and animals. Research indicates that exposure to microplastics can trigger a range of toxic effects, including oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, immune responses, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, our understanding of the full extent of these risks is hindered by limitations in existing research methods. Research has shown that various factors influence the toxicity of microplastics such as their size, shape, surface charge, and weathering process. Interestingly, studies suggest that randomly shaped fragments may be more harmful than spherical microplastics. Moreover, microplastics often contain polymers and additives which can be released into the environment via weathering and erosion, exacerbating toxicity. Microplastics possess a high surface energy due to their small size, allowing them to adsorb other pollutants including heavy metals and hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs). This can enhance toxicity and pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. Animal experiments have confirmed that microplastics can lead to liver and intestinal dysfunction, as well as induce immune responses in the body. It was previously believed that after entering the human body, microplastics are excreted via the gastrointestinal tract. But, recent studies have detected microplastics in human blood. Microplastics don’t go through your digestive system, but rather infiltrate the circulatory system, distributing these toxic chemicals throughout the body. The colon and liver have the highest content of microplastics, but they have also been found in the spleen, lungs, feces, placenta, and breastmilk of humans. ## Limitations ![A close-up of a microscope apparatus.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Sm_x3mgqYLNFMYrE) Photo by Yassine Khalfalli on Unsplash Current methods of analyzing microplastics are extremely limited because they can only detect them at the micron level. However, microplastics can range in size from a picometer to 5 millimeters. This inability to detect extremely small microplastics using current technology prevents us from fully understanding how these particles impact global ecosystems. Although we can study the impact of microplastics on our Earth, nanoplastics may be wreaking havoc on our environment without us knowing it. Additionally, there is a lack of effective methods for microplastic removal. Most plastics are left to degrade over time and weathering and erosion processes spread these particles far and wide, reinforcing their presence almost everywhere. Microplastics are so incredibly small that attempting to remove them from water is extremely expensive and usually inefficient. Moreover, the absence of advanced dynamic tracing techniques highlights the pressing need for the development of precise methods for microplastic identification, quantification, and tracking. Nanoplastics are largely unexplored due to the limitations of existing research methods. As our understanding of microplastics continues to evolve, addressing these methodological gaps becomes increasingly important in comprehensive risk assessment and the development of mitigation strategies. # How Can You Help? ![Microplastics from a plastic water bottle being released into the ocean.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*qeQSb0IxbKNVIphmUrDFbA.png) ## Drink Filtered Tap Water In a study examining microplastics in bottled water, researchers discovered microplastic particles in 93% of the samples tested. This finding suggests that while enjoying a refreshing drink you may inadvertently consume microscopic plastic particles which can cause adverse health effects. Fortunately, you can take steps to minimize your exposure to microplastics in drinking water by investing in tap water filters. Installing a microplastic filter in your home can significantly reduce the amount of microplastics ingested through water consumption. ## Store Food in Metal or Glass Containers When your food comes into contact with plastic for an extended period, it’s more likely to absorb chemicals from the plastic. Moreover, microwaving food in plastic causes plastic to break down faster, leading to contamination of your food with microplastics. Consider using glass or ceramic containers to store you food in order to avoid the release of microplastics into your food during reheating. ## Be Aware of Synthetic Fibers Synthetic fibers shed microplastics every time they are washed, contributing to microplastic pollution. To minimize the release of these microplastics, it is advised to wait until you have a full load of laundry before running your washing machine. Additionally, consider purchasing a filter attachment for your washing machine’s hose or a microplastic-catching ball to prevent water contamination. ## Use Plastic-Free Cosmetics & Personal Products Although microbeads were banned in 2015, they are still present in many cosmetic, toothpaste, and skincare products. If you notice tiny beads inside any of your products, they are most likely microbeads and you should avoid using them. Look for products that do not contain plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, and acrylates copolymer next time you go shopping!
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# Recap The pervasive presence of microplastics in our environment highlights the urgent need for action at individual, state, and federal levels. Microplastics released from synthetic textiles, plastic containers, vehicle tires, and personal care products, have infiltrated ecosystems around the world and threatened the health of humans and aquatic organisms. While bans on some of these items are steps in the right direction, we need to do more to address this complex, widespread issue. Adopting practices such as drinking filtered tap water, using metal or glass containers for food storage, and choosing natural fibers for clothing can help mitigate microplastic pollution. Help us work toward a clean, microplastic-free future by taking action today. It is imperative that we act now to protect our planet from the impacts of microplastics and pave the way for a more sustainable world. ## References 1. [Environmental Health Sciences Center](https://environmentalhealth.ucdavis.edu/blog/what-is-the-big-deal-with-microplastics) 2. [Medical News Today](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-do-we-know-about-microplastics-in-food#The-dangers-of-microplastics) 3. [Nature.com](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61146-4) 4. [National Geographic](https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/microplastics/) 5. [Ocean Service](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/microplastics.html#:~:text=Microplastics%20can%20come%20from%20a,in%20health%20and%20beauty%20products.) 6. [Horiba.com](https://www.horiba.com/int/scientific/resources/science-in-action/where-do-microplastics-come-from/) 7. [ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/envhealth.3c00052#:~:text=Experiments%20show%20that%20the%20exposure,as%20reproductive%20and%20developmental%20toxicity.) 8. [Science Direct](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2215153221001835#:~:text=People%20store%2C%20transport%2C%20prepare%2C,they%20are%20directly%20consuming%20MPs.) 9. [Unwrapped Project](https://unwrappedproject.org/the-human-health-threats-of-microplastics)]]> Stop These 3 Bad Habits to Save Energy and Reduce Carbon Emissions https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/stop-these-3-bad-habits-to-save-energy-and-reduce-carbon-emissions https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/stop-these-3-bad-habits-to-save-energy-and-reduce-carbon-emissions Thu, 25 Jul 2024 03:37:54 GMT This blog will teach you how to break 3 bad habits that are contributing to the environmental decline we are currently witnessing. Energy loss and greenhouse gas emissions are issues that need to be taken seriously if we want to save our world. ... ## 1. Dressing Unseasonably We all know one person who wears hoodies in the summer and shorts in the winter. While this may seem like a harmless, even comical practice, it can have severe environmental repercussions. People who wear hoodies in the summer turn up the air conditioning until they are comfortable in their clothing. People who wear shorts in the winter turn up the heat until they’re nice and warm. While dressing unseasonably may seem amusing, it contributes to one of the largest concerns of the environmental community —energy loss. The more we use our heating and air conditioning systems, the more energy we use. To produce energy to heat or cool our homes, fossil fuels are burned and emit carbon dioxide and other harmful air pollutants into the atmosphere. Air conditioning releases 1,950 million tons of carbon dioxide annually (about 3.94% of global greenhouse gas emissions), and home heating systems are responsible for 10,000 deaths within the US annually. Energy loss and the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere already have catastrophic consequences. Dressing warmer is a very easy way to prevent these things from occurring and keep our environment healthy. The next time you think about wearing shorts in winter or hoodies in summer, think about the effects your clothing choices can have on the environment. Dress for the season with a nice pair of cozy socks and a warm sweater in the winter, or with a tank top and shorts in the summer. In doing so, you will reduce your energy usage, and in the process, reduce your power bill. ![A wall-mounted air conditioner.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*hZQ11pYlrotEhQ3ghtqNag@2x.jpeg) Photo by Carlos Lindner on Unsplash ## 2. Carelessness We’ve all experienced that sinking feeling on our way out of the house when we realize we left the bathroom light on or left the patio door wide open. There’s nothing you can do about it in the moment because you’re on your way to an important appointment or meeting. With technology as advanced as it is in the present, it’s easy to forget to flick off a light switch. However, since lighting accounts for an astonishing 25%–30% of an electricity bill, flicking off that switch when leaving a room will save you a great deal of money with the added benefit of helping the environment. You may ask, how does leaving the lights on have any impact on our environment? The majority of electricity that runs through your lightbulbs at home is generated by coal-fueled power stations. Coal is a fossil fuel, meaning when you burn coal, greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere and contribute to global warming. Heating and air conditioning systems are also powered in this way. In most homes, the air conditioning or heating system is on at all times. These systems work to bring your home to a temperature set by the homeowner. Many people tend to leave their bedroom windows open on summer nights in order to keep their rooms at a comfortable temperature. Some early risers will leave the back door open for a couple of hours to let cool morning air into their homes. Leaving a door or window open allows outside air into your home which makes it more difficult for air conditioning or heating systems to regulate the temperature of your home. In doing so, these systems use more electricity, burn more fossil fuels, and are not functioning as efficiently as they have the potential to. Closing your doors and windows when the air conditioning or heating systems are on is a great way to optimize your energy usage. By doing this, the air temperature you set for your home will be reached more efficiently, and less electricity will be utilized in the process. The best part is, not only are you helping the environment, but you’re saving yourself money. Air temperature regulation systems are highly expensive without us wasting it. In New York, running the air conditioning in your home for a month straight costs about $100; that’s $1200 per year! ![A light switch on a wall.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*kvYbURlmgzfUopI6JlgdvA@2x.jpeg) Photo by Steve Johnson on Unsplash ## 3. Weekly Errands Over the course of a week, people run countless errands. We visit the local supermarket to pick up groceries, the laundromat to do our laundry, the post office to mail a gift to a friend, and the cafe to pick up our morning coffee. All in all, everyone has many small errands to do throughout the week. Most people have a set schedule for when they want to get their errands done such as Grocery Monday or Laundry Wednesday. However, most towns have a central area where all of their stores, shops, and restaurants are located, all within walking range of each other. To save yourself from having the make the trip into town multiple times every week, try carving out 2–3 hours of your time to run all of your errands for the week on ONE day. Instead of Grocery Monday or Laundry Wednesday, have an errand Tuesday. You will not only be reducing your personal carbon footprint, but saving a large amount of money on gas. Studies found that the closest grocery store to most homes averages 2.14 miles away. With gas prices at $4.54 per gallon in New York and the average vehicle’s miles per gallon at 25.4 MPG, we can conclude that a 4 mile trip to the grocery store and back would cost about 72 cents. By doing all weekly errands at once, about 72 cents will be spent on gas total instead of multiple trips that will double, triple, or even quadruple the money spent on gas in a week for errands. This is both beneficial to the person running errands and to the environment as less gas is being used. When you’re running these errands, be sure to turn your car off. Studies show that idling and leaving the car in park can use as much as 1/2 gallon of gas per hour. This 1/2 gallon of gas could be used to drive 12.7 miles. That’s enough to make the approximately 4 mile trip to town and back 3 times in one week. Leaving the car on would completely diminish the effectiveness of Errand Tuesday. There’s also the added benefit of your car lasting longer. Leaving a car in park for extended periods of time has been known to damage cars over time. Not turning off the car may seem like a small thing, but it harms the environment and wastes our precious fossil fuels. ![The chip aisle in a grocery store.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*De0QJNAhyJVBdEJ5T5D_gA@2x.jpeg) Photo by Fikri Rasyid on Unsplash
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# Recap This blog has taught you how to break 3 bad habits that are contributing to the environmental decline we are currently witnessing. Energy loss and greenhouse gas emissions are issues that need to be taken seriously if we want to save our world. Try breaking these habits one by one. When winter comes around, wear a sweater instead of turning up the heat. Set reminders on your phone to turn off the lights and close the windows before you leave the house for the day. Pick a day to get all of your errands done each week. By creating new habits, we are building healthy and positive relationships with the environment and improving our world. ]]> 5 Easy Ways YOU Can Help the Environment https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/5-easy-ways-you-can-help-the-environment https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/5-easy-ways-you-can-help-the-environment Thu, 25 Jul 2024 03:17:54 GMT This blog will teach you 5 unique ways to help the environment. The trick is to start small and build from there. ... **Tip #1: Take Shorter Showers** Taking shorter showers is a well-known way to help the environment, but many people don’t realize the extent to which it helps. According to the USEPA, the average American takes 8 minutes to shower and the average showerhead releases 2.1 gallons of water per minute. Most people drink about half a gallon of water per day. If you shave one minute off your shower time once a week for one month, you are giving a dehydrated child clean drinking water for 2.5 weeks. You could do the same for 5 dehydrated children if your mom, dad, sister, and brother also shaved off a minute of their shower time. Imagine how much longer the Earth’s freshwater reserves would last if everyone took 7 minute showers. Taking shorter showers doesn’t necessary mean rushing to wash yourself and hop out of the shower; that isn’t enjoyable or relaxing for anyone. Water is only needed in the shower to rinse away soap. Next time you take a shower, turn the water on only to rinse yourself off. It will decrease the amount of time the water is on by 2–3 minutes! Taking shorter showers is a wonderful way to **reduce** the amount of freshwater we use. It doesn’t have to be every day, or even every week. Start small and take a shorter shower twice a month. ![A running showerhead in nature.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*_AYMZ9i0HTKWqADy) Photo by Chandler Cruttenden on Unsplash **Tip #2: Use Less Paper** Teachers, students, craft-lovers, and writers will shudder at this tip, but it’s easier to do than it sounds. Personally, I like to decorate with pictures of nature, friends, and family. If you’re anything like me, you may find yourself using a lot of paper to print out your pictures. The best way to avoid this is to fit multiple photos on one page so when you print your photos, there isn’t as much wasted blank space. Most online apps will allow you to resize or crop the image you are working with. If you still can’t fit multiple images on one page, try making the page margins smaller! Additionally, many students use notebooks to take notes for their classes or do their homework. Most notebooks have hundreds of sheets of paper; more than one student will ever use in one year. Using your notebook for 2 academic years is a great way to both **reduce and reuse**. You reduce the amount of blank paper wasted and reuse the notebook for another year. If you like the feeling of starting fresh each year you can rip out the used pages and **recycle** them! In my experience, most teachers still use paper for assignments, homework, and assessments even in this age of digital technology. We have all had that one teacher who used so much paper that our binders were full to bursting by the end of first semester. Modern technology allows us to do almost everything we can on paper on a laptop or computer. Using technology to administer assignments, homework, and assessments is a more sustainable way for teachers to proceed. **Recycling** scraps of paper is another great way to help the environment. Craft-lovers and scrapbookers — I’m talking to you. When you’re cutting patterned paper or trimming the margins of photos, recycle those scraps of paper. If you have a crafting room, it might be worth it to invest in a small bin for recycling that you can throw all of your paper scraps in as you work on projects. ![A table with crafting materials strewn about.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*VhUwEziPxNR85MJw) Photo by Elena Kloppenburg on Unsplash **Tip #3: Pick Up Trash** Picking up trash is probably the most commonly known way to help the environment. However, it is also one of the things that no one ever wants to do. We have all had that moment when we are driving somewhere and all we see is trash littered along the grass on either side of the highway. A good portion of that trash will make its way into the stomachs of animals or bodies of water. If you pick up one piece of trash per day for a year, you are potentially saving 365 animals from poisoning or death. If every person in Dutchess County, New York does the same, there will be over 108 million fewer pieces of trash drifting along the bottom of the ocean. Keep a bottle of hand sanitizer with you everywhere you go and use it after picking up your one piece of trash per day. As disgusting as it is in the moment, you are making our world cleaner with every piece of trash you pick up. ![Trash thrown in a massive pile.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*IivDrNR801htTjvp) Photo by John Cameron on Unsplash **Tip #4: Turning off Lights** The US Department of Energy states that household lighting accounts for 5% of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon emitted by lightbulbs is contributing to the climate crisis the world is currently experiencing. If you live in a house with many windows, turn off the lights during the day and use sunlight to carry out your tasks. In the US, the sun is usually up from 7am-8pm in summer and 8am-5pm in winter. Those hours are a great time to turn off your lights in order to conserve electrical energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Flipping the light switch has become routine for most people every time they enter a room. People turn on their lights even if they don’t need to; it is simply a habit — one that is necessary to break in order to help the environment thrive. In addition, if you are spending your time on any sort of technology such as a computer, laptop, phone, or television, you can turn off your lights. Since these technologies have built-in lighting, there is no need to have your ceiling lights on in order to see what you are doing. ![A bright lightbulb hanging from the ceiling.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*p0B4i2NGZ_85ADb6) Photo by Christian Dubovan on Unsplash **Tip #5: Sign Petitions** There are many people who want to take action to help the environment, but don’t know how. The most impactful action you can take is signing a petition. There are always new petitions being written and posted online for passionate individuals to sign in order to convince a politician to support a particular stance on a topic. A great place to find petitions to sign is change.org. Also, coming soon are issue-specific petitions on the Environmental Defense Initiative website! Petitions are a way to make your voice heard on a certain topic. What makes a petition truly impactful is a large number of signatures showing that a large amount of people have the same opinion and viewpoint on a specific topic. YOU have the chance to be one of those people. Start small by signing a petition. Once you get more comfortable and passionate about a certain topic, you can write your own petition! ![A man signing a piece of paper.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Liw12gYiiy7CQxqh) Photo by Signature Pro on Unsplash
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## Recap This blog has taught you 5 unique ways to help the environment. The trick is to start small and build from there. Try a different tactic each day. Make Sundays short-shower Sundays. Order a recycling bin on Monday. Pick up a piece of trash each Tuesday. Open your blinds and turn off the lights on Wednesday. Pick a petition to sign on Thursday. Share this blog with your friends and family to encourage them to do the same on Friday! ]]> Is it Time to Drop the Water Bottle Trends? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/water-bottle-trends https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/water-bottle-trends Thu, 25 Jul 2024 03:08:50 GMT Reusable water bottles have been around since the 1960s, but did not become a status symbol until the 2010s with the emergence of the Bobble water bottle. As people collect water bottles and ultimately discard them after the trend finishes, pollution from water bottles increases. ... # The Timeline ![A person holding a metal water bottle](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*4nZC03T88BJLd6wr) Photo by Bluewater Sweden on Unsplash From the time of their creation in the 1960s to approximately 15 years ago, reusable water bottles were perceived as only for hikers and outdoorsy people. In the present, reusable water bottles have become a status symbol and something of a novelty. Many people will drop hundreds, maybe even thousands of dollars, to collect these reusable water bottles and display them as a personal collection. Water bottles have become so popular that some luxury companies have even designed the ultimate water bottle status symbol of bejeweled water bottles. In a collaboration between S’well and Swarovski, you can purchase a water bottle covered in 6,000 crystals for four figures, or the more affordable option of a bejeweled water bottle top for $150. According to the WGSN archives, this craze over reusable water bottles notably began in 2011 with the Bobble water bottles. These colorful, clear plastic water bottles sported a filtration system in the drinking nozzle. Bobble water bottles, a few years after their creation in 2010, became the must-have water bottle of the early 2010s. They were carried in a variety of stores including American Apparel, Urban Outfitters, Bed Bath & Beyond, and their very own store in Soho, New York. Following this craze over Bobble water bottles, metal water bottles were popularized as a better option due to their ability to insulate liquids. Although metal water bottles have been around since 1896, they were not considered popular or mainstream until the 2000s. Outdoorsy people were sold on the idea of a water bottle that could keep their water cold for hours rather than heating up in the sun through plastic. As an added benefit, metal water bottles don’t leak BPA or other plastic-specific chemicals into water. These metal water bottles became the standard for water bottles, causing a cultural shift from emphasis on reusable plastic water bottles to reusable metal water bottles. The most popular brands offering metal water bottles in the 2010s were S’well and Camelbak. S’well water bottles remained as the must-have water bottle of the 2000s until the VSCO girl era of Hydroflasks. Hydroflasks had been around since 2009, however, they did not become mainstream until 2019–2022 due to social media, notably VSCO. VSCO, seen as an alternative to Instagram without the numbers to track interactions between users and others’ photos, popularized Hydroflasks. They became a crucial part of the VSCO girl identity to be environmentally conscious and “save the turtles.” As an environmentally friendly brand, Hydroflasks became integrated into the social identity of VSCO girls and notably became popular as VSCO girls became popular on social media. Though VSCO girls were seen as a meme by many, their popularity nonetheless made the Hydroflask the usurper of the long-reigned S’well water bottles. In the most recent trend, Stanley Cups have emerged as the must-have water “bottle” of 2024. Though not exactly a traditional water bottle due to its tumbler shape, Stanley Cups have nonetheless been extremely popular among teenage girls and adults alike. These cups have incredible insulation, an aesthetic appearance, and hold a large amount of water or other liquid compared to other water bottles on the market. Despite some controversy over spiders getting stuck in the straws, and the cups leaking when knocked over, many people continue to purchase the Stanley Cup because it is on trend. # Negative Environmental Consequences ![A woman holding two Stanley water bottle products](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*zgKbnARyWUUD7IiW) Photo by Florencia Simonini on Unsplash It is a known fact that reusable water bottles are much better for the environment compared to the disposable plastic bottles that are thrown into the ocean contributing to garbage patches, leaking BPA into the waters, and endangering fish and other ocean organisms. However, the consumer craze from the trends surrounding them has made them less environmentally friendly. As any consumer in a materialistic country, many of us own multiple water bottles. We may not use all these water bottles, but we own them nonetheless. When a water bottle becomes increasingly old and worn down, what do you do? Many may choose to recycle these plastic water bottles, and this may be a better option for the environment if you can look past the disadvantages of trying to recycle mass amounts of plastic such as the inability to remove toxins from the plastic and the costly procedures for little amounts of plastic recycling. However, instead of recycling, many choose to simply throw out an old water bottle. For those claiming they would never simply throw out a water bottle, have you ever been to a job fair or college fair? When attending booths, you’ve likely been given a plastic nipple-top water bottle with the booth’s advertisement on it. These water bottles, while fun at the moment, are rarely used. Quite often, these water bottles are thrown in the trash and are not even seen as “real” water bottles. The point is, with how many water bottles each consumer owns, and the increasingly sped-up need to purchase new water bottles every few years, more and more reusable water bottles are ending up in the trash. These water bottles are built to be sturdy due to their intent to last many years, contributing to the issue that they will likely take thousands of years to decompose. Stainless steel, the material many metal water bottles are made of, takes 1,000 years to decompose. # What can we do? ![Two hydroflasks lying on the shoreline of a lake](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Odc_hnab-rOehhEa) Photo by Shrey Gupta on Unsplash Though this issue is not at the forefront of pollution, the issue of increasing consumer demand for water bottles is one contributing factor to pollution. There is not much to be said about water bottles, as we cannot stop companies from producing water bottles, nor can we stop social media from pushing the idea that you cannot be cool without the right status symbol water bottle. Already, children as young as elementary school age are being bullied for having a “knock-off Stanley” and having the “wrong” kind of water bottle. In our homes, what we can do is not purchase more trendy water bottles. A single water bottle is built to last many years and should therefore be used for many years. Although owning only one water bottle is environmentally friendly, don’t throw out old water bottles and choose to reuse them in some way. There are plenty of tutorials online on how to repurpose old water bottles. For the social media issue of pushing water bottles as a status symbol, those with a platform can attempt to “de-influence” people from the idea that they need the latest water bottle. Stanley Cups have been around for 1–2 years at most and they are already having to compete with the growing popularity of Owala water bottles that sport a straw and a gulp mouthpiece. Although Owala water bottles have yet to beat out the ever-popular Stanley Cup, I wouldn’t be surprised if Owala overtook the Stanley in years to come in the fastest water bottle trend cycle ever.
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# Recap Reusable water bottles have been around since the 1960s, but did not become a status symbol until the 2010s with the emergence of the Bobble water bottle. Trends in water bottle popularity preceding 2010 existed, but there was not a consumer craze surrounding them. These trends lasted approximately a decade each in the past, but have increasingly been cycled through at faster paces. Trends now last typically around 3–6 years. As people collect water bottles and ultimately discard them after the trend finishes, pollution from water bottles increases. These water bottles take thousands of years to decompose because they were built to last. To prevent water bottle pollution, we should not buy water bottles just for the sake of following trends, and reuse old water bottles rather than throwing them out. ## References 1. [Spoon University](https://spoonuniversity.com/lifestyle/bloom-greens) 2. [Refinery29](https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/expensive-reusable-water-bottle-trend-swell#:~:text=In%20the%201960s%2C%20outdoorsy%20folks,other%20liquids%20during%20hiking%20trips.) 3. [Daily Free Press](https://dailyfreepress.com/2023/10/25/the-reusable-water-bottle-obsession-how-many-are-too-many/)]]> Tesla: The Pros and Cons https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/tesla-the-pros-and-cons https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/tesla-the-pros-and-cons Thu, 25 Jul 2024 03:04:09 GMT Teslas have become increasingly popular in recent years, due to their claims that they are environmentally friendly as an electric-powered vehicle. The fact that they use electricity instead of gas is certainly an advantage, as it gets rid of the problem of CO2 tailpipe emissions. However, the electricity comes from power plants which may have their own CO2 emissions. ... # Pros & Cons 1. Teslas run on electricity rather than gasoline: **Pros:** Tesla’s entire brand is that they only produce electric cars that don’t require gasoline to run. This is huge, as the carbon emissions that come from gas-powered cars play a big role in the deterioration of the ozone layer and the rapidly changing climate. Teslas produce absolutely zero tailpipe emissions, so they emit no greenhouse gasses. Tesla prides itself on not relying on fossil fuels, instead using renewable energy sources to power their cars. Fossil fuels are finite, and they bring on a myriad of issues both environmentally and politically. Reducing the use of fossil fuels will also reduce the amount of oil spills in the ocean. **Cons:** Now, what could possibly be the cons of having a car running on pure electricity? The thing is, charging your Tesla may not be as environmentally friendly as Tesla likes to advertise. For one, many Tesla charging stations run on grid electricity, which still relies on the use of fossil fuels. Even though Teslas may not have exhaust pipes, they need electricity, meaning that they will need to use power plants to charge them. Power plants still emit a lot of CO2 into the air, so even though you aren’t directly polluting the air when you use a Tesla or charge it, there are still fossil fuels and CO2 involved. However, if you use at-home charging stations that use wind or solar power, or an energy tariff that will switch to renewable energy when possible, that would be a better environmentally friendly alternative. ![Interior of a Tesla](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*AZlHM5RVMwfUPUnG) Photo by Bram Van Oost on Unsplash 2. Teslas use vegan leather for their interior **Pros:** To add to its pro-environment agenda, Tesla uses leather-like material that requires no animal products to create. Not only is this ethical, but it also makes the seats incredibly comfortable and creates a sleek, clean look for your car. **Cons: **The cows will certainly be thankful you’re saving their skin, but that doesn’t mean that these animal-free textiles are entirely environmentally friendly. Instead of using animal skin, these fabrics are made of polyurethane and other materials that aren’t exactly the best for the environment. ![Tesla steering wheel](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*wtTre87SdHF1hEUH) Photo by David von Diemar on Unsplash 3. Teslas use batteries: **Pros:** Teslas use batteries, and to be more specific, they use lithium batteries. Lithium batteries are light, but they can store vast amounts of energy. This will allow the car to not be too heavy, yet still run for a fairly long time without needing to charge. **Cons:** Tesla batteries also require a variety of other rare minerals, rare minerals that require some questionable mining practices to extract. When mining, only 0.2% of what’s initially extracted from the earth ends up being these rare minerals. The other 99.8% are contaminated with toxic chemicals from trying to sort the minerals from the rest of the earth, and they are just dumped back onto the ground. Not to mention the fact that these lithium batteries don’t last forever, and they need to be replaced. When disposing of these batteries, they release other toxic chemicals into the environment. They also are difficult to recycle, adding to the growing pile of waste we produce. They can also be a safety hazard, potentially causing fires and explosions. ![Tesla against a scenic backdrop](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Dx6AeIt4T5WjIhdK) Photo by Martin Katler on Unsplash So does this mean we should boycott Tesla and burn all of their products? No, especially since burning millions of cars would release a lot of CO2 into the air. Maybe Tesla isn’t the angelic savior that will single-handedly save the world from the clutches of climate change, but that doesn’t mean that they should be written off. Having a car that runs on electricity is a huge contribution to the fight against climate change; even if it’s not perfect, it will still reduce carbon emissions substantially. Tesla admittedly partakes in a lot of exaggerated greenwashing, or the act of trying to make their product appear more environmentally friendly than it actually is. Is it an improvement over gas-powered cars? Yes, but it isn’t perfect. As of right now, there is no such thing as an automobile that will be “beneficial” for the environment. However, more environmentally friendly options exist, such as Teslas and other electric cars. Teslas are still controversial in regards to their contributions to the environment, especially with their use of lithium batteries, but electric cars are still very new. Hopefully, in the future, we will be able to find a way to make electric cars 100% environmentally friendly. For now, we just have to acknowledge that these cars aren’t perfect and can still be harmful to the environment, but marginal improvement is still an improvement.
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# Recap Teslas have become increasingly popular in recent years, due to their claims that they are environmentally friendly as an electric-powered vehicle. The fact that they use electricity instead of gas is certainly an advantage, as it gets rid of the problem of CO2 tailpipe emissions. However, the electricity comes from power plants which may have their own CO2 emissions. In this regard, it is best to charge your Tesla using an at-home charging station that runs on wind or solar power. Tesla cars use vegan leather instead of real leather, so no animals must be killed to make the interiors of the cars. However, vegan leather may still contain certain materials that can harm the environment, such as polyurethane. Teslas use lithium batteries that store a lot of energy. However, these batteries require rare minerals that are difficult to extract and purify. When disposed of, lithium batteries may also bring harm to the environment. Overall, Teslas are likely a better alternative to gasoline-powered cars, but they cannot be considered “beneficial” to the environment. It is important to recognize both the pros and the cons of any decision made, so what do you think about Tesla? ## References 1. [YouthTime Magazine](https://youthtimemag.com/true-or-false-teslas-are-bad-for-the-environment/) 2. [Wired](https://www.wired.com/2016/03/teslas-electric-cars-might-not-green-think/) 3. [Sustain Life](https://www.sustain.life/blog/electric-vehicles-environment#:~:text=While%20much%20better%20for%20the,growing%20worldwide%20e%2Dwaste%20problem) 4. [Katzkin Automotive Leather](https://katzkin.com/blog/tesla-interiors-guide/#:~:text=Cloth%20seats%20come%20with%20the,simply%20a%20term%20for%20vinyl)]]> Composting: Saving the Planet, One Pile at a Time https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/composting-one-pile-at-a-time https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/composting-one-pile-at-a-time Thu, 25 Jul 2024 02:55:18 GMT Each year, hundreds of tons of food land in landfills, releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as they degrade. These gases pose a severe threat to the health of our environment and have major implications when it comes to global warming. However, through composting, some of these pollutants released from landfills can be reduced. ... # The Importance of Composting ![A person cupping a sample of dirt.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*NopwRKrmjeBKgUZt) Photo by Gabriel Jimenez on Unsplash Simply put, composting is the process of transforming organic material, such as scraps of vegetables and fruits, into nutrient rich soil that can be used as fertilizer. Composting is an excellent way to cut down on unnecessary food waste by repurposing food scraps. An estimated 25 million tons of food is saved from landfills each year by composting. ## Greenhouse Gases Composting is beneficial to the environment because it reduces the amount of greenhouse gases emitted when trash and food build up and decompose in landfills. Methane and carbon dioxide are among the more common greenhouse gases released by these decomposition reactions. These gases remain in Earth’s atmosphere for long periods of time, trapping the Sun’s heat inside the Earth and contributing to global warming. According to EcoSafe, methane stays in the atmosphere for approximately 12 years while carbon dioxide stays anywhere from 300–1,000 years. This means carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere over three times longer than most people live. However, despite methane’s shorter atmospheric lifetime, it traps more UV radiation than carbon dioxide, ultimately having a larger short-term impact on climate change than carbon dioxide. Through composting and other environmentally friendly practices, we can greatly reduce the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere and begin to make progress on solving climate change. ## Eutrophication Composting not only helps keep our atmosphere clean, but our water as well. Many agricultural fertilizers contain large amounts of phosphorus which can leech into nearby bodies of water and cause eutrophication. Eutrophication can be defined as excessive nutrient pollution in both freshwater and saltwater which causes rapid algae growth. Algae block sunlight from reaching photosynthetic organisms living beneath the water’s surface. This has the potential to effect entire ecosystems and disrupt the food chain. Phosphorus concentrations in compost are significantly lower than those in artificial fertilizers which helps prevent eutrophication all while reducing food waste. Additionally, high levels of organic content in compost allow plants to grow and thrive more than they would than if planted in artificial fertilizer. # Components of Compost ![Fruit and vegetable peels on a cutting board.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Y7gcmJ9Tc42uN-eG) Photo by Lenka Dzurendova on Unsplash In order to compost, nitrogen and carbon-rich materials must be mixed together. These materials must be kept in areas with high moisture levels at warm temperatures. Your compost must be aerated regularly to accelerate decomposition. This is why most composters feature a manual or even automatic spin system to keep air circulating throughout the soil. Throughout this process, decomposers and other microorganisms in the soil break down organic matter, further exacerbating the process. ## Nitrogen-Rich Materials Nitrogen-rich materials, more commonly known as greens, are generally food scraps that are saved from landfills. While both nitrogen and carbon-rich materials are needed, greens are especially important in making the composting process go smoothly. Common greens used for composting are coffee grounds, eggshells, and grass clippings. Grapes, apples, bananas, and berries are some of the most common fruits used in compost while the most common vegetables are broccoli, cucumbers, and lettuce. ## Carbon-Rich Materials Carbon-rich materials, also known as browns, should make up the majority of your compost sample. These components are essential in keeping the soil aerated. Common browns used in compost are soil, wood chips, bark, and leaves. # Composting Methods ![A rake and shovel stuck in a pile of compost.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*3du_eJKElSmdgy6Y) Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash There are many methods of composting, some easier and more inexpensive than others. Your individual lifestyle and the amount of time you can put toward your composting efforts will determine which method is best for you to use. While it may take some trial and error to find the composting method that works best for you, keep in mind that even the smallest of efforts are a step in the right direction to helping our environment! ## Hot Composting vs Cold Composting Although hot composting is the most efficient composting method, cold composting is used by many people around the world who live in areas where it isn’t warm enough for hot composting. During hot composting, microorganisms use oxygen in the atmosphere to break down organic matter into soil that is usable in your garden. This process releases a lot of heat that tends to make the samples warm and accelerate the composting process. One downside to this method is that turning the pile is necessary. On the other hand, cold composting involves the breaking down of organic matter by anaerobic microorganisms. This process releases almost 20% of the original volume of sample into the atmosphere as gases. Colder temperatures also make the cold composting process slower than hot composting. Overall, cold composting methods require less maintenance, but progress slower and produce less compost overall. However, cold composting may be the only option available to people living in colder areas of the world. ## The Berkley Method Another method of composting is known as the Berkley Method. Half of the sample is made up of greens and the other half is made up of browns. The pile is turned continuously to keep the sample aerated. This process is sometimes difficult to perform because the temperature of the sample must be between 130 and 150 degrees Fahrenheit for the first 4 days. Microorganisms will not degrade organic matter efficiently if the sample does not reach this temperature. ## Large-Scale Composting Large-scale composting plants are able to break down larger materials that you can’t compost at home. Some of these materials include yard waste, house plants, and stained take-out containers.
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# Recap Each year, hundreds of tons of food land in landfills, releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as they degrade. These gases pose a severe threat to the health of our environment and have major implications when it comes to global warming. However, through composting, some of these pollutants released from landfills can be reduced. There are a variety of ways to compost, each method unique in its own way. Composting is simple, easy, and can be adapted to anyone’s lifestyle! ## References 1. [United States Environmental Protection Agency](https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home#whatcancom) 2. [EcoSafe Zero Waste](https://ecosafe.green/what-is-composting-and-why-is-it-important/) 3. [ Live Science: The Science Behind Composting](https://www.livescience.com/63559-composting.html) 4. [That Backyard](https://thatbackyard.com/21-best-carbon-sources-for-composting-browns-list/) 5. [Merrium Webster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/compost) 6. [Hot Bin Composting](https://hotbincomposting.com/blogs/will-it-compost/can-i-compost-fruit-and-vegetables) 7. [Help Me Compost](https://helpmecompost.com/home-composting/methods/types-of-composting/) 8. [Gardening Latest](https://gardeninglatest.com/green-material-for-compost/) 9. [Epic Gardening](https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Y0o0xmDn3eA&pp=ygUKQ29tcG9zdGluZw%3D%3D)]]> Healing the Ozone Layer https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/healing-the-ozone-layer https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/healing-the-ozone-layer Sat, 20 Jul 2024 18:44:27 GMT The ozone layer, although thin, plays a pivotal role in absorbing harmful UV radiation from the Sun and protecting human life. Regardless of the simple fact that humans could not live on Earth without the ozone layer, we have slowly destroyed it over time by emitting CFCs into the atmosphere as industrial byproducts. ... # What is the Ozone Layer? ![The Earth’s atmosphere including the troposphere, ozone layer, and stratosphere.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*pog7NsvsKCZpJ1ELk82n5Q.png) The ozone layer is actually just one layer of the stratosphere. The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of several layers; the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Most atmospheric ozone can be found in the stratosphere, which is about 9 to 18 miles above the Earth’s surface. Although ozone is only a trace gas in the atmosphere, it plays a pivotal role in the habitability of Earth. Ozone acts similarly to a sponge, absorbing UV radiation from the Sun just as a sponge absorbs water. Ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms that is constantly formed and destroyed in the stratosphere. The concentration of ozone varies from place to place naturally due to sunspots, seasonal changes, and latitude differences. Scientists are able to predict many of these variations because they are periodic and natural reductions in ozone levels are always followed by recovery. However, beginning in the 1970s, evidence showed that the ozone shield was undergoing depletion that could not be attributed to natural processes. Take a guess as to what caused that unnatural depletion. If you need a hint, it’s you! Humans are the number one contributor to ozone layer depletion, although the ozone layer is necessary to our survival. # The Importance of Ozone ![The ozone layer protecting the Earth from UVA, UVB, and UVC rays.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1180/format:webp/1*7iTL6RkC9cwjqkPBiJEzeg.jpeg) As mentioned before, the ozone layer acts as a shield against harmful UV radiation from the Sun. UV light has the ability to penetrate human skin and cause adverse health effects. There are two major types of UV light: UVB and UVA. UVB light harms your skin by causing sunburns and sometimes skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Most think that UVA light is harmless, as it is used in tanning beds and doesn’t cause burns. However, recent research reveals that UVA light is more harmful than UVB light, as it penetrates deeper beneath the skin and can cause melanoma. The ozone layer absorbs about 98% of UV light. Without it, humans would suffer from severe burns and cancer to the point where the Earth would no longer be habitable. Interestingly, one reason we are hesitant to further explore life on Mars is because the planet does not have an ozone layer and therefore constant skin protection would be necessary for humans on Mars. # Depletion of the Ozone Layer ![UV radiation slipping past the ozone layer through the ozone hole.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*AAqrKIkAQ9lRO8AOjI0_IQ.png) The ozone layer is getting thinner due to ozone depleting substances (ODS). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are an excellent example of these substances. Although the name may seem daunting, CFCs are just molecules that contain carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. They are everywhere, but most commonly found in refrigerants and plastic products. They can also be found in everyday products like air conditioners, fire extinguishers, and aerosol sprays. CFCs are commonly used in these products because they are inexpensive, fire-resistant, and usually not poisonous. However, the problem arises when CFCs reach the stratosphere. These chemicals create “ozone holes,” regions where ozone is extremely depleted. Ozone holes allow harmful UV rays to hit the Earth directly. Long-term exposure to UV radiation can cause skin cancer, eye diseases, and other health complications. To add the icing to the cake, many of the ODS, such as halons, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform, also contribute to climate change! # Nuclear Testing ![Smoke released into the atmosphere from a nuclear testing site.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Z5mJDN4tutrbwpnw) Photo by Frédéric Paulussen on Unsplash Scientists have found that ODS are not the only contributors to ozone layer depletion. Nuclear testing has been identified as a factor causing ozone layer depletion. Scientists are particularly concerned about the potential impact of a nuclear war which could devastate and destroy our ozone layer. In the event of a global nuclear conflict, the resulting smoke from nuclear bombs could lead to the destruction of up to 75% of the ozone layer worldwide. Even a regional nuclear war would result in a peak ozone loss of 25% globally. # Healing the Ozone Layer ![The ozone hole above Antarctica shrinking over time.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*1SG52L7cbIqS02QM9Jirmw.png) ## Montreal Protocol Since the 1970s, when scientists first noticed the alarming rate of ozone layer depletion, large steps have been made toward its recovery. In 1987, the Montreal Protocol, a global agreement aimed at protecting the stratospheric ozone layer, was finalized. This agreement phased out the production and use of ozone-depleting chemicals, with a particular focus on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). As a result of these international efforts, 99% of ozone-depleting substances have been successfully eliminated. By reducing the release of substances that harm the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol played a crucial role in fixing the damage to the ozone layer. One of the most noticeable outcomes of these efforts has been the gradual reduction in the size of the ozone hole, particularly above Antarctica. In 2022, the ozone hole spanned an average area of 23.2 million square kilometers, a substantial decrease from its peak size of 27.5 million square kilometers recorded in 2006. ## Next Steps Despite the encouraging progress, the journey toward ozone layer recovery remains ongoing. Scientists and policymakers continue to monitor the ozone layer closely, implementing measures to mitigate further damage and promote its healing. Also, recent advancements in technology and scientific research have expanded the amount of options we have when it comes to helping the ozone layer heal. Although we have made incredible progress, we must keep in mind that this is not the end. All of the work that we have put into healing the ozone layer could just as easily be reversed. We must continue our efforts to heal the ozone layer for the sake of our Earth and everything living on it.
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# Recap The ozone layer, although thin, plays a pivotal role in absorbing harmful UV radiation from the Sun and protecting human life. Regardless of the simple fact that humans could not live on Earth without the ozone layer, we have slowly destroyed it over time by emitting CFCs into the atmosphere as industrial byproducts. These CFCs have slowly destroyed the ozone layer, causing “ozone holes” to appear which allow UV rays to reach Earth’s surface, causing cancer and other severe health issues in some cases. However, not all is lost. The Montreal Protocol, created to reduce the production of ODS, was successful and the ozone layer has started to heal. But, it is still crucial to stay vigilant to make sure our progress is not reversed. If we continue on our current track, we will successfully preserve our ozone layer for generations to come! ## References 1. [Environmental Protection Agency](https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/basic-ozone-layer-science) 2. [National Geographic](https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ozone-layer/) 3. [United Nations](https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/preserving-the-ozone-layer#:~:text=A%20collection%20of%20human%2Dmade,been%20destroying%20the%20ozone%20layer) 4. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration](https://csl.noaa.gov/assessments/ozone/2006/chapters/Q7.pdf) 5. [Cary Institute](https://www.caryinstitute.org/news-insights/podcast/downside-nitrogen-fertilizer#:~:text=Finally%2C%20nitrification%20releases%20a%20small,may%20be%20the%20new%20carbon.) 6. [National Center for Atmospheric Research](https://news.ucar.edu/132813/smoke-nuclear-war-would-devastate-ozone-layer-alter-climate) 7. [US Department of State](https://www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer/#:~:text=The%20Montreal%20Protocol%2C%20finalized%20in,%2C%20fire%20extinguishers%2C%20and%20aerosols.) 8. [National Public Radio](https://www.npr.org/2023/01/10/1147977166/ozone-layer-recovery-united-nations-report#:~:text=In%20fact%2C%20much%20of%20the,1980%20levels%20by%20around%202066.) 9. [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/09/ozone-layer-healed-within-decades-un-report#:~:text=Following%20alarm%20over%20the%20loss,used%20as%20solvents%20and%20refrigerants.)]]> Invasive Species: The Burmese Python https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/invasive-species-the-burmese-python https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/invasive-species-the-burmese-python Sat, 20 Jul 2024 18:20:45 GMT The invasive Burmese Pythons from southern China, Burma, Indochina, Thailand, and the Malay Archipelago are disrupting the ecosystem in the Florida Everglades by feeding on organisms in the wetlands. ... # The Invasion ![A Burmese python hiding underwater](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*dxhG9RX-qVovaBAi) Photo by Florida-Guidebook.com on Unsplash The Everglades were once known for the biodiversity in their ecosystem. However, due to the Burmese Python’s presence, the wetlands are losing their diversity and balance. The city of Miami is considered to be a hotspot of the exotic pet trade. Burmese Pythons, originally from Africa, Asia, and Australia, are now invading Florida. They ended up in the Everglades due to irresponsible pet owners. Dealers would sell the desired snake to people, and when the new owners no longer wanted their python, they would release it into the Everglades. Because so many people did this, the pythons established a breeding site where they were able to reproduce and cause a disruption in the ecosystem. Now that this issue has become so serious and detrimental, it is illegal to sell or possess a Burmese Python in Florida. This has controlled the additional flow of the pythons into Florida. There are estimates that the population of the pythons in the Everglades ranges from at least 30,000 to more than 300,000. A single Burmese Python usually hatches 12 to 36 eggs and lives for around 20 years. They live very long lives and can weigh over 200 pounds. This makes it challenging for them to be killed. # Impacts on Biodiversity ![A scenic brook with colorful flowers on the shoreline](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*bBPw6SbBMmSRNx2t) Photo by Ben Vaughn on Unsplash When the equilibrium of an ecosystem becomes altered, ecosystems are unable to function efficiently and, therefore, nature is unable to inhabit a healthy environment for all of its organisms. Many altercations can and will occur when invasive species are introduced in a new environment. For example, species can become on the verge of extinction or endangerment, there can be conflict between humans and wildlife, and habitats can be lost. The food chain also becomes disrupted and can alter as food shortages occur. This can lead to the starvation of animals. All organisms depend on other organisms and if an organism is removed from the food chain, it ruins the balance of energy in the ecosystem. # Disruption in the Ecosystem ![A Burmese python ready to strike](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*KGAFowzOLqQME5uc) Photo by Joshua J. Cotten on Unsplash Many native species that once lived freely in the Florida Everglades, are now becoming endangered due to the Burmese Python. The reptile competes against the other organisms for food, habitat, and space in the wetlands. The snake’s sharp teeth are capable of seizing its prey, as they suffocate the organism by squeezing and constricting its blood flow. Deer, birds, alligators, rabbits, and foxes are just a few animals that have been reported as disappearing from the Florida Everglades and being physically found in the stomachs of Burmese Pythons. ## Culling ![A Burmese python head](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*9Tj6QkWJBwlkrT_b) Photo by David Clode on Unsplash Culling is the process of reducing or controlling the size of something, in this case, the invasive Burmese Python, by human removal. Because of the ongoing and troublesome situation in the Everglades, the FWC encourages people and non-contractors to capture and humanely kill pythons whenever possible. They are not protected, except by the anti-cruelty law. This means that there is no limit on how many pythons people can kill, as long as the pythons are humanely removed from the area. These snake hunters kill the pythons with sharp hunting knives, as they are not allowed to shoot them. There are also yearly competitions within Florida’s Everglades where the state of Florida encourages people to kill as many pythons as possible for a chance at $10,000. This activity garners many snake hunters by allowing them to kill as many invasive pythons as possible while also restoring balance in the ecosystem. # How Can We Help? ![A large bird perched on a lilypad](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Y7qXq2LFWIEpYI-P) Photo by Gabriel Soto on Unsplash The best way to be part of the solution is to learn how to spot a Burmese Python, and then alert someone who can catch it. Also, under the Lacey Act, the act of selling or possessing a Burmese Python is illegal, which will prevent the influx of more pythons.
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# Recap The invasive Burmese Pythons from southern China, Burma, Indochina, Thailand, and the Malay Archipelago are disrupting the ecosystem in the Florida Everglades by feeding on organisms in the wetlands. Irresponsible humans released their pet pythons into the wild when they no longer wanted to care for them. These actions resulted in the food chain becoming disrupted. An unbalanced ecosystem can lead to the starvation of animals as all organisms depend on other organisms for food. If an organism is removed from the food chain, the ecosystem becomes disoriented. Because of this drastic issue, the FWC encourages people to capture pythons in a humane manner and even hosts championships to attract more people. ## References 1. [Smithsonian Magazine](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/snakes-ate-florida-180972534/#:~:text=In%20Miami%2C%20a%20center%20of,them%20go%20in%20the%20Everglades) 2. [National Geographic](https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/facts/burmese-python#:~:text=The%20snake%20uses%20its%20sharp,exhale%20until%20the%20animal%20suffocates) 3. [South Florida Water Management District](https://www.sfwmd.gov/our-work/python-program#:~:text=Pythons%20are%20non%2Dnative%2C%20invasive,wading%20birds%20and%20even%20alligators) 4. [Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission](https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/nonnatives/python/removing/#:~:text=Hunting%20on%20Private%20Land%3A%20Nonnative,There%20is%20no%20bag%20limit) 5. [FOX35 Orlando](https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/2023-florida-python-challenge)]]> Celebrating Women in Environmental Activism https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/celebrating-women-in-environmental-activism https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/celebrating-women-in-environmental-activism Sat, 20 Jul 2024 18:10:56 GMT There are so many amazing women fighting to make the world a better place for our predecessors. As an organization founded by a woman, and run by mostly women, it is only fitting that we pay homage to the women who paved the way for environmentalists like us, inspiring us and thousands of others to preach our message of protecting our home. ... # Rachel Carson ![Photo of Rachel Carson](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*qCOuRNbcGzWShXPd.jpg) Photo by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters on Flickr Rachel Carson is credited as being the first female environmentalist, so it’s only fitting that we put her first on this list. She was a biologist, writer, and environmental activist who utilized her natural literary prowess to spread awareness and profess her interest in the natural world. Growing up in the rural area of Springdale, Pennsylvania, she spent her childhood exploring nature, observing the fields and hills surrounding her family’s farm. She studied English at Pennsylvania College for Women in 1925, later switching to studying biology at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, then attending Johns Hopkins University for zoology. She intended to earn a Ph.D., but her family’s financial struggle during the Great Depression altered her path. Carson started off writing radio scripts, combining her talents in writing and biology for the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries to make episodes spreading awareness of marine life. At the same time, she also wrote articles for local newspapers, which led to the creation of her first book: Under the Sea Wind; however, the sales were disappointing. She would continue writing about marine life, earning praise for her vivid and poetic descriptions of life beneath the ocean. Many financial struggles came with being a writer, but Carson had the support of a woman named Dorothy Freeman. There is evidence in letters that points to Carson having an intimate relationship with Freeman. Carson confided with Freeman through her biggest challenges, describing Freeman as a “dearly loved friend.” Carson was a very private person, and it is said that she and Freeman destroyed around 500 of their letters. Eventually, she found success in her 1962 publication of Silent Spring, a monumental piece on the dangers of pesticides, earning Carson the title “mother of environmental movements.” In 1945 she started shifting her focus to pesticides, finding interest in DDT: a colorless, odorless pesticide used by the military in World War 2. Silent Spring started to spread awareness on people’s impact on the environment. While she was not the first to create a piece discussing this topic, what set her apart from the others was the poetic language she used combined with her extensive scientific knowledge. Accordingly, the title is a reference to a “silent spring” without birdsong, to emphasize the dangers of pesticides and how they are harming nature's inhabitants. Silent Spring opened the eyes of the people and sparked a national controversy regarding the use of pesticides. Chemical companies attempted to discredit her, but Carson persevered. Her hard work led to the U.S. eventually banning DDT, along with other pesticides. # Wangari Maathai ![Photo of Wangari Maathai](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*VKlGfULi3pdtjzhF.jpg) Photo by Oregon State University on Flickr Wangari Maathai was a woman born in Nyeri, Kenya in 1940 who made major strides for the environment, and for African American women. Maathai was the first African American woman to obtain a doctorate, as well as the first to become an associate professor, and chair of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy. Not only that, she was also the first African American woman to earn the Nobel Peace Prize. At Mount St. Scholastica College, Maathai earned a degree in Biological Sciences, later earning a Master of Science degree from the University of Pittsburgh and a Ph.D. at the University of Nairobi, also teaching veterinary anatomy at the same university. Wangari Maathai would become an active member of the National Council of Women of Kenya, becoming its chairwoman from 1981–1987. During her time on the council, she introduced the idea of community-based tree planting. This idea branched out and developed into what is now known as the Green Belt Movement, exposing over 40 people from other African countries to this concept. This led other countries in Africa to launch similar movements. The Green Belt Movement won Maathai the Nobel Peace Prize, as well as other awards, such as The Sophie Prize, The Petra Kelly Prize for Environment, The Conservation Scientist Award, J. Sterling Morton Award, WANGO Environment Award, Outstanding Vision and Commitment Award, Excellence Award, Golden Ark Award, Juliet Hollister Award, Jane Adams Leadership Award, the Edinburgh Medal, The Hunger Project’s Africa Prize for Leadership, Goldman Environmental Prize, the Woman of the World, Windstar Award for the Environment, Better World Society Award, Right Livelihood Award, and the Woman of the Year Award. She also launched the Jubilee 2000 Africa Campaign, which fought to cancel unpayable debts in poorer countries of Africa. Not only was she an advocate for environmental struggles, but she is also recognized for her struggle to fight for democracy and human rights. She had addressed the UN on multiple occasions, becoming the voice for women for the five-year review of the Earth Summit. She also served on the boards of several organizations, such as the UN Secretary General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament, The Jane Goodall Institute, Women and Environment Development Organization, World Learning for International Development, Green Cross International, Environment Liaison Center International, and the WorldWIDE Network of Women in Environmental Work. In December of 2002, Maathai was elected to parliament with 98% of the votes, and the president would later appoint her as Assistant Minister for Environment, Natural Resources, and Wildlife in Kenya’s Ninth Parliament. She died on September 25th, 2011, leaving behind an incredible legacy. # Greta Thunburg ![Photo of Greta Thunberg](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1298/format:webp/0*57oRfjKhoAprbMQC.jpg) Photo by Kushal Das on Wikimedia Commons Last, but certainly not least on our list, is Greta Thunburg, a young Swedish activist born on January 3rd, 2003. Thunberg started her environmental journey young, first learning about the issue at eight years old and quickly changing her habits, refusing to travel on airplanes and switching to veganism. It is said that at 11 years old, she was so upset with the state of our environment that she stopped speaking for a period of time. Thunberg has been diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder. People with autism tend to hyperfixate on certain topics and have a strong moral code, and Thunberg’s special interest seems to be climate change. Thunberg’s goal is to encourage lawmakers to address climate change, so for three weeks before the 2018 Swedish election, she skipped school and sat outside the country’s parliament holding a sign that said “Skolstrejk för Klimatet,” or “School Strike for Climate.” Each day, more and more people joined her protest, and it ended up garnering international attention. She eventually returned to school but continued to skip school every Friday to strike. This day earned the name “Fridays for Future,” and students all over the world joined in this movement. Greta Thunburg gave numerous speeches about her strong views on climate change, speaking at the World Economic Forum, the European Parliament, and in front of legislatures in Italy, France, the UK, and the US. At only 15 years old, she sparked a worldwide movement and became an icon for environmental activists. Not only did she bring awareness on climate change, but she has also been credited for raising awareness on Asperger’s. She serves as an inspiration for others with the disorder, fighting the negative stereotypes given to those with Asperger’s. Thunberg acknowledges her struggles with the syndrome, but also notes its advantages, comparing it to her own “superpower” when “given the right circumstances.” She has two published books: No One is Too Small to Make a Difference, published in 2019; and The Climate Book: The Facts and the Solutions, published in 2023. Greta Thunburg inspired thousands across the globe with her intense dedication and passion, with people even calling her influence “the Greta effect.” However, she is not without critics. Jair Bolsonaro, the president of Brazil, notably called her a “brat” in 2019. One of the more notorious scandals involving her name occurred on Twitter at the end of 2022. Famous social media personality Andrew Tate, infamous for his misogynistic views, posted a Tweet directed to Greta Thunburg which stated, “Please provide your email address so I can send a complete list of my car collection and their respective enormous emissions.” Thunberg responded, “yes, please do enlighten me. email me at smalldickenergy@getalife.com,” promptly destroying his masculinity in nine words. Her response got the attention of millions, with everyone praising Thunberg for her perfectly petty response, and Tate was clearly threatened. In an attempt to reclaim his masculine identity, he posted a video of him ranting in a dressing gown, with a cigar in hand and a pizza box in the background. That pizza box is said by some accounts to have led to his arrest, with the Romanian authorities able to find his location because of the box in the background. Tate was accused of sex trafficking and rape, so the police used his location to find and arrest him. Thunberg later Tweeted in response to his arrest, “this is what happens when you don’t recycle your pizza boxes,” rubbing salt further in the wound and causing the internet to cheer her name online. Greta Thunburg truly is an icon for young activists in the next generation.
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# Recap There are so many amazing women fighting to make the world a better place for our predecessors. As an organization founded by a woman, and run by mostly women, it is only fitting that we pay homage to the women who paved the way for environmentalists like us, inspiring us and thousands of others to preach our message of protecting our home. No matter the region or time period, women have been and will continue to fight to leave the world a better place than when we came. Happy Women’s History Month, everyone! ## References 1. [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/dec/31/greta-thunberg-andrew-tate-tweet) 2. [Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Greta-Thunberg) 3. [National Geographic Kids](https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/kids-club/cool-kids/general-kids-club/greta-thunberg-facts/) 4. [Nobel Prize](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2004/maathai/biographical/) 5. [ The Green Belt Movement](https://www.greenbeltmovement.org/wangari-maathai/biography) 6. [AA.com Türkiye](https://www.aa.com.tr/en/environment/rachel-carson-mother-of-environmental-movements/1595552#:~:text=Environmentalist%2C%20author%2C%20and%20marine%20biologist,Spring%20was%20published%20on%20Sept.) 7. [National Park Service](https://www.nps.gov/people/rachel-carson.htm)]]> ENSO: El Niño & La Niña https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/enso-elnino-and-lanina https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/enso-elnino-and-lanina Sat, 20 Jul 2024 18:03:53 GMT El Niño and La Niña are equally interesting oceanic weather phenomena that have significant effects on the environment. Although they have the potential to wreak havoc and destruction in the Southern Pacific region, there is beauty to how these events complement each other. ... # Normal Conditions/The Neutral Phase ![Wispy clouds blown by strong winds.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*tCxF9kIu574VSvtt) Photo by Mila Young on Unsplash Most people have heard of the Coriolis Effect at some point in their lives. Whether those people actually understand it is up for debate. The Coriolis Effect is the force responsible for wind pattern variations across Earth at different latitudes. Because the Earth is spherical, wind travels faster at the equator than it does at the poles. This difference in wind speeds causes deflection of winds to the east in the Northern Hemisphere and to the west in the Southern Hemisphere. Global ocean currents and the formation of gyers, large systems of circulating ocean currents, can be attributed to prevailing winds across Earth. Without these winds, circulation patterns that we see today would be unrecognizable and completely different than anything we’ve ever observed before. The dominant ocean circulation pattern in the Southern Pacific region between Australia and South America favors the movement of warm ocean surface waters toward Australia. Trade winds push these warm waters from the east to the west as a result of the Coriolis Effect, causing cold waters to rise from the depths of the ocean near the South American coast, a phenomenon known as upwelling. Upwelling can have serious ecological and economic consequences. Colder waters generally hold large quantities of dissolved oxygen because gases are more soluble at lower temperatures. As upwelling occurs, more dissolved oxygen is brought to the surface near the west coast of South America along with nutrient-rich sediment from the bottom of the ocean. These conditions are ideal for the breeding and survival of many fish species, increasing fishing industry profits and revenue from tourism during periods of normal conditions. # ENSO: El Niño-Southern Oscillations ENSO is an irregular oceanic event that occurs irregularly every 2–7 years in the Southern Pacific Ocean between Australia and South America. This event consists of an El Niño phase, a La Niña phase, and the neutral phase discussed above. ## El Niño ![A school of fish at the surface of the ocean.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*P4bC-hnVoZ6-Zd2F) Photo by Sebastian Pena Lambarri on Unsplash El Niño refers to a reversal of the direction of trade winds in the Southern Pacific Ocean due to the periodic weakening of the easterly trade winds. Winds blow from west to east instead of east to west, as they do during normal conditions. When this occurs, warm surface waters move from the west to the east toward South America instead of Australia. This has major implications on climate, precipitation levels, and coastal ecosystems of both continents. In South America, warm ocean waters evaporate to form low pressure zones on the coast, resulting in higher average temperatures and precipitation levels. Flooding is more common in South America during El Niño, which can harm indigenous communities living in coastal areas and destroy infrastructure. Warmer waters also hold less dissolved oxygen which can cause some fish species with narrower ranges of tolerance to suffocate or migrate to new areas, upsetting the delicate balance of coastal ecosystems. In Australia, upwelling occurs, contrary to the normal oceanic conditions in the region, and supports more aquatic species. Australian fishermen reap the benefits of El Niño as more fish migrate to the Australian coast, attracted by an abundance of rich nutrients and dissolved oxygen. However, coastal areas often experience drought in the absence of heavy rainfall that usually accompanies the neutral phase. This can have major consequences for water management and irrigation in agriculture. ## La Niña ![The sun beating down on a vast plain during a period of drought.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*aB1BkM3oJVh9CbTW) Photo by Oleksandr Sushko on Unsplash La Niña refers to the strengthening of the easterly trade winds in the Southern Pacific Ocean in the east to west direction. This weather event is extremely similar to the neutral phase, however all conditions during the neutral phase are amplified significantly. Warm ocean water is pushed forcefully in the direction of Australia, away from South America. This results in upwellings that are much larger than normal along the coast of South America, further supporting the fishing industry. But, there are trade-offs that accompany La Niña. Although some South Americans may profit from this favorable turn in weather events, climate will shift to yield colder winters and milder summers. Plants that bloom early are more susceptible to freezing and farmers risk losing entire fields of crops to the cold, putting their annual profits on the line. Also, as discussed earlier, drought conditions present in Australia during El Niño arise in South America during La Niña. La Niña in Australia is often associated with more intense and unforgiving monsoon seasons. Australians experience severe flooding and other natural disasters on a more frequent basis and the government must expend more money and resources on rebuilding. ## Current Day We are currently in the midst of ENSO! The Southern Pacific region is currently in an El Niño season and is expected to transition to La Niña during summer 2024. This shift from El Niño to La Niña represents a drastic change in weather patterns in the Southern Hemisphere that will impact humans and other organisms living in coastal regions of Australia and South America. # Climate Change ![Homes in a coastal area completely submerged by floodwaters.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*QJsZmvIGlFCAnpERLXOcfQ@2x.jpeg) ## Flooding & Drought As ocean temperatures rise, more evaporation occurs which creates areas of high moisture in either South America or Australia depending on what phase of ENSO the Earth is currently in. Eventually, this contributes to high levels of rainfall which often cause devastating floods. Severe flooding affects both humans and animals alike. Humans suffer from loss of infrastructure, water logging of crop fields, and millions of dollars in reconstruction. Animals suffer from loss of habitat, ecosystem instability, and bottleneck events in which a large portion of their population dies out. On the other hand, climate change can also exacerbate drought-like conditions in cooler areas of oceanic upwelling. Wildfires, irrigation issues, and habitat loss have become more prevalent in these areas because of the one and only culprit, climate change. ## A New Perspective It’s important to keep in mind that Australia and South America are not as well equipped to handle the aftermath of large flooding or drought events as more developed countries such as the United States, Britain, and Russia. Unfortunately, these weather events happen more often in areas where developing countries are located. Climate change is increasing the intensity in which El Niño and La Niña events occur. Each time we cycle through ENSO, the environmental consequences we observe become significantly larger in scope. As greenhouse gas emissions remain unchecked, climate change is becoming an increasingly important issue in today’s world, not only because of rising global temperatures, but because of the impacts it has on global weather patterns.
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# Recap El Niño and La Niña are equally interesting oceanic weather phenomena that have significant effects on the environment. Although they have the potential to wreak havoc and destruction in the Southern Pacific region, there is beauty to how these events complement each other. Environmental conditions in South America during El Niño are almost identical to those in Australia during La Niña. These phenomena are just one example of the interconnectedness of different sectors of the environment. ## References 1. [Bloomberg](https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2023-01-18/climate-change-el-nino-could-be-a-glimpse-of-a-grim-future) 2. [Met Office](https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=WPA-KpldDVc&pp=ygUPV2hhdCBpcyBlbCBiaW5v) 3. [NOAA](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html) 4. [DW](https://amp.dw.com/en/climate-el-nino-pattern-returns-extreme-conditions-feared/a-65862461) 5. [SBS](https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/how-la-nina-and-climate-change-supercharged-the-flooding-crisis/17s1ulbbq)]]> The Prom Dress Problem https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-prom-dress-problem https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-prom-dress-problem Sat, 20 Jul 2024 17:54:09 GMT Prom dresses are purchased yearly by each generation of students. With each new year, new prom dress trends emerge and old prom dresses become outdated. This issue has impacted the ability of prom dresses to stay out of landfills, as young people avoid outdated dresses to avoid criticism. ... # Prom Fashion ![A girl wearing a long red prom dress](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*kfphlMEY_EZnYOqL) Photo by R N on Unsplash Although there are no widespread definite rules regarding prom fashion and the type of dresses that should be worn, new dress designs become popular each year as they follow the most recent prom dress trend. From the big bows and tulle of the 1980s prom dresses, to the spaghetti-strap beaded satin dresses of the 1990s, to the most recent 2000s styles, prom fashion has changed over time. With each new style change, it becomes increasingly difficult for prom dresses to be reused. With regular types of fast fashion, many people are open to continue wearing a no longer popular clothing style due to the sheer variety in fashion styles of people around the world. However, with prom dresses, this issue becomes more apparent, as students dread the idea of attending this special event with an outdated dress. Many people are not open to the idea of “ruining” their prom with the wrong dress. Although this issue was faced only every decade or so for much of the 1900s, prom dress trends have become much quicker to come and go. The presence of social media is driving these trends and also pressuring young people to follow them. Random people often criticize others’ prom dresses online that are not to the status quo. This form of bullying and pressure to follow the most recent trend contributes to increasing waste, as students are unwilling to buy a used prom dress with an outdated style even if the dress was popular a few years ago. Most recently, there was a wave on TikTok of people claiming that they needed a new prom dress because the internet said their Easter-style prom dress, which was a short-lived trend, was ugly. As people continue to discard their unworn prom dresses for fear of breaking the prom dress status quo and wearing a dress considered ugly by random people on the internet, more waste is created. # Toxic Materials ![Two girls standing side by side wearing sparkly prom dresses](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*bctaozuKyM9nPHDe) Photo by Jacob Johnson on Unsplash Prom is an occasion to stand out, to look and feel your best among a crowd. Prom dresses often reflect this wish with the use of polyester tulle, polyester satin, and sometimes silk to acquire that shine. This is typically accompanied by an array of sequins, beads, and other sparkly accessories. All these materials can be harmful to the environment based on how they are produced and how they are disposed of. As a fabric made from natural silk threads of a silkworm, silk is a biodegradable material. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that silk is environmentally friendly. Silk production is often more harmful to the environment than synthetic fabrics because of the large amount of energy needed to harvest the silk, water to grow mulberry trees so silkworms can eat their leaves, and chemicals to clean and dye the silk threads. These chemicals can even hinder the silk’s biodegradability, making silk a non-environmentally friendly fabric that is used for prom dresses. Polyester is often used in satin and tulle, which are also popular prom dress fabrics. To put it simply, polyester is a plastic fabric. As such, polyester fabrics have the same environmentally damaging impacts as other plastics. Like other plastics, polyester can take hundreds of years to dissolve and are not biodegradable. These toxic materials thrown into landfills can contaminate the soil and water as they leach into the ground. Microplastics are shed each time polyester fabric is worn, continuing to wreak the same havoc other microplastics do as they go. Polyester, though a cheap fabric that allows for a budget-friendly prom dress, is not environmentally friendly. Its large participation in the prom industry is damaging to the environment. It is of little surprise that beads and sequins are also plastic products. For any person who has ever owned a sequin or beaded dress, it is a known fact that not all the sequins and beads stay on. They will fall off over time, leaving plastic bits behind. This plastic will not biodegrade, but will break into smaller pieces over time. Microplastics will leach into the soil and water. Animals may accidentally eat the plastic and suffer the consequences. Beads and sequins, like polyester, are an example of the negative environmental impacts of the prom industry’s use of plastic. As shown, prom dresses are often made of materials that have negative impacts during both their production and disposal. The sheer amount of prom dresses disposed of yearly is an issue, as the materials used to make the dresses negatively impact the environment as they break down. ![Back view of a teal tulle dress on a girl holding a bouquet](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*x1Qk3riZsAEvcuTs) Photo by Marina Abrosimova on Unsplash # Renting Prom Dresses If you are someone who has no reluctance about not being able to keep their prom dress, renting a prom dress is an attractive option. Rented prom dresses often have the advantage of not being outdated, being budget-friendly, and being sustainable too. These dresses will be reused over and over until they are out of style and nobody wants to wear them. Although the issue of dresses becoming undesirable cannot be solved by renting a dress, for the few years that the dresses are in style, this can allow people to avoid contributing to the prom dress waste. Some online websites prom dresses can be rented from are: 1. **Rent the Runway** offers monthly membership plans or one-time rentals for all kinds of clothing, including designer prom dresses. This company offsets 100% of its carbon footprint from shipping as well, making it one of the most sustainable prom dress rental websites. 2. **Lending Luxury** is a unique option for those who are wary of renting a prom dress because they fear they might get attached to the dress. This online website offers a selection of dresses as low as $50, including dry cleaning, with the option to purchase the dress at a discounted price at the end of the rental period if you would like to keep the dress. 3. **Armoire**, a membership-based website, offers a 30-day lending period to rent all types of clothes, including prom dresses. Armoire stylists are also available to lend their expert opinion to find the best style for your body type. 4. **Charlotte’s Closet** is also a great renting option, as they allow you to request a second size for free to ensure your dress fits right. The dresses can only be rented for five days, however, so this website can be a great option for last-minute renting. 5. **Poshare** is a great budget-friendly option, as their dresses start as low as $40. Renters have access to a variety of designer dresses and accessories, and prom dresses in a variety of colors, sizes, etc. # Sustainable Prom Dresses Although borrowing, thrifting, or renting a prom dress is always an option, for those who do not want to use a second-hand dress, there are many sustainable prom dress options. These sustainable prom dresses are made to last and can be used for a variety of other formal events as well. Some brands that sell sustainable prom dresses are: 1. **Bastet Noir** creates beautiful prom dresses made of discarded materials such as silk and cotton. This brand openly discloses each step of the production process to its customers, with the creators of the dresses being a community of single mothers in Macedonia. Bastet Noir reinvests the profits to help the business of these single mothers grow and to fund the education of their children. 2. **Whimsy & Row** makes long, elegant prom dresses made of Tencel and cupro. These fabrics are biodegradable, vegan-friendly, hypoallergenic, and thermal-regulating. This brand also makes use of cotton fibers that would normally be discarded for a closed-loop system to make the dresses. The products from Whimsy & Row are produced from low-impact, locally sourced materials, and are dyed with low-impact dyes in limited quantities to reduce waste. Whimsy & Row works towards sustainability with all their products being made within a few miles of their headquarters to reduce their carbon footprint from shipping. 3. **Transcend** handmakes and embroiders eco-friendly fabrics, like organic cotton and linen, to make beautiful dresses inspired by the colors and textures of India’s shopping bazaars. The brand works towards providing women with high-quality embroidery and prints in timeless silhouettes. The handmade production of these clothes leaves a much lower impact on the environment than a large prom dress production company. 4. **Reformation** is a brand that specializes in providing women with sustainably-made clothing and shoes for special occasions, including prom. Their dresses are made of silk, Tencel, viscose, and organic cotton. Although some of these fabrics are not completely sustainable, nearly every piece from Reformation has information on how much water was saved and the carbon emissions circumvented during the production process to show that they are more sustainable than many other prom dress brands. Reformation is climate-neutral certified, and a member of the Fair Labor Association, Sustainable Apparel Coalition, and Textile Exchange. # Donating Prom Dresses Perhaps you’ve already bought your prom dress and have enjoyed the event. In case you do not wish to hold onto your dress forever, there are options other than discarding the prom dress in the trash. Many stores and websites will accept prom dress donations, which can later be given to those who cannot afford a new prom dress or do not wish to buy a new dress and contribute to the unsustainable industry. Some organizations these dresses can be donated to are: 1. **Fairy Godmothers, Inc.** is an organization that provides prom dresses, shoes, and accessories to qualified high school girls who would otherwise not be able to attend prom due to their financial situation. This organization has 6 locations, mainly in the Eastern U.S. 2. **Becca’s Closet** collects dresses and accessories in dress drives for students who cannot afford them. These dress drives were started by Rebecca Kirtman, who sadly died in a car accident at 16. Her efforts live on in the organization, as chapters around the country collect dresses under the organization in her name. 3. **Operation Prom** is a multi-state organization that collects dresses and accessories for girls hoping to attend prom. It also aids guys in financial need in renting tuxedos. 4. **Project G.L.A.M.** is a project by the international non-profit WGIRLS that provides prom dresses to underprivileged women and children. WGIRLS’s broader mission is to support underprivileged women and children, as well as provide them with the resources necessary to achieve health, happiness, and successful adult lives. 5. **Cinderella’s Closet** runs through churches in several states to provide princesses with an environment of love, respect, and grace. To make every princess feel cherished, Cinderella’s Closet accepts prom dress donations. These organizations are great options for those looking for a way to part from their prom dress without adding to the prom dress waste in landfills. However, if these organizations are not an option for you, many schools, local dress drives, and regular stores such as Goodwill will accept these prom dresses. Donation is a great option to keep dresses out of the landfill and provide the prom experience to those who cannot afford it. ![Three high school girls in prom dresses laughing at each other with their backs turned to the camera.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*81wIAFCBHfbHePb2) Photo by Amy Kate on Unsplash
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# Recap Prom dresses are purchased yearly by each generation of students. With each new year, new prom dress trends emerge and old prom dresses become outdated. This issue has impacted the ability of prom dresses to stay out of landfills, as young people avoid outdated dresses to avoid criticism. The industries producing these hundreds of thousands of dresses also use unsustainable materials such as silk, polyester, and plastic which have negative environmental production and disposal consequences. To prevent so much landfill waste, there are options such as renting a dress, buying from a sustainable prom dress brand, or donating used prom dresses rather than throwing them out. Despite prom trends making the usability of these old dresses limited, for the few years they are still in style, prom dresses can be worn by many people to reduce additions to landfill waste. ## References 1. [Insteading](https://insteading.com/blog/5-places-to-donate-prom-dresses-for-reuse/) 2. [SustainablyChic](https://www.sustainably-chic.com/blog/sustainable-prom-dresses) 3. [Treehugger](https://www.treehugger.com/silk-sustainable-impact-5094158#:~:text=2%20According%20to%20the%20Sustainable,hot%20water%20and%20hot%20air.) 4. [Lulus](https://www.lulus.com/blog/fashion/popular-prom-dress-styles-by-decade/)]]> The Environmental Consequences of April Fool’s Day & Easter https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-environmental-consequences-of-april-fools-day-and-easter https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-environmental-consequences-of-april-fools-day-and-easter Sat, 20 Jul 2024 17:45:41 GMT April Fool’s Day and Easter, holidays that millions of people around the world celebrate each and every year, can have significant impacts on our environment. From plastic pollution, to deforestation, to food waste, the celebrations that bring us happiness and joy can destroy ecosystems and ruin the lives of other organisms. ... # April Fool’s Day ![April Fool’s Day spelled out with block letters.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*5C45fUxF7RvGuQZuzYHMSw.png) Although the environmental impact of April Fool’s Day seems minimal compared to larger celebrations and festivities, such as Thanksgiving or Christmas, we still must acknowledge that our actions, no matter the time of year, have the potential to wreak havoc on our environment. Hidden within light-hearted pranks are the issues of overconsumption and waste accumulation which threaten to topple environmental stability. ## Waste Generation Many pranks involve the use of disposable items such as balloons, plastic wraps, and unsustainable packaging. While they may be small individually, the collective disposal of these items contributes significantly to the excessive build-up of waste in landfills. Social media is giving digital creators with hundreds of thousands of followers incentive to plan and share outrageous April Fool’s Day pranks with the hope of garnering online attention. Many of them try to outdo other influencers by pulling complex pranks that require hundreds of dollars worth of plastic materials, many of which are discarded immediately after use. ## Positive Pranks However, not all online pranks cause harm. Using social media, people can share pranks that actually benefit the environment. Years ago, a clean-water group, Heal the Bay, encouraged Americans to “trash their friends” on April Fool’s Day. This “trashing” had nothing to do with actually throwing trash, rather people trashed social media pages or webpages with images of plastic products. This raised awareness of the issue of plastic pollution in our oceans. People who participated in the trashing were encouraged to sign a letter to the governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, to support AB 1998, a state bill that would ban single-use plastic bags. Heal the Bay used April Fool’s Day to garner support for environmental advocacy and bring attention to the plastic pollution issue. # Easter ![2 children cracking Easter eggs open from their Easter baskets.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*9CkvI234qYhtkYpa) Photo by Gabe Pierce on Unsplash Easter, a religious holiday celebrated in 95 countries throughout the world, is an incredibly significant day to Christians. The resurrection of Jesus Christ, a symbol of hope and renewal, has evolved beyond its religious significance. Easter has become a cultural celebration characterized by various traditions including Easter egg hunts, family meals, and gatherings with loved ones. Despite this celebration being a part of Christian culture for hundreds of years, we must realize that this holiday has large environmental consequences. Modern-day observance of this event often involves practices that contribute greatly to environmental degradation. ## Plastic Easter Eggs ![Bright colored Easter eggs in a basket.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*9HCVbR4jDwoTeFcp) Photo by Monika Grabkowska on Unsplash Easter eggs are an integral part of Easter celebrations. They’re used for both egg hunts and decorations, but their use brings about environmental concerns about plastic pollution. We’ve all seen bright plastic Easter eggs, but have you ever considered how they can impact our environment? Plastic easter eggs are typically made out of polyethylene, one of the most commonly produced plastics. Polyethylene is used in various products ranging from plastic bags to automobile fuel tanks. It is also a major source of microplastics, which can greatly harm not only our environment, but humans as well. Many families choose to use these plastic eggs, but don’t know how to dispose of them safely. When discarded improperly, these colorful eggs can sit in landfills for hundreds of years and, like many other plastic products, they don’t ever fully degrade. Additionally, the production of plastic requires the extraction of raw materials such as petroleum or natural gas, both of which are non-renewable energy sources. When produced on a large scale, significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas are consumed, contributing significantly to carbon emissions worldwide, considering 180 million Easter eggs are purchased per year by Americans alone. However, there are always some eggs that aren’t purchased and are disposed of by large companies, contributing to plastic waste. To mitigate the environmental impacts of plastic Easter eggs, you can opt for more sustainable alternatives. This can include using biodegradable materials for egg decorations, choosing locally-sourced organic eggs, and even purchasing traditional non-plastic eggs. Next Easter, try purchasing wood or paper-based Easter eggs to reduce your carbon footprint and plastic pollution. By making environmentally conscious choices as a consumer, you can minimize your environmental impact and still keep your traditional egg hunts! ## Easter Grass ![Easter grass made of shredded paper with an egg in it.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*isq9n163eZU8GcuQ) Photo by Debby Hudson on Unsplash Easter grass is artificial, brightly colored grass that also has severe impacts on the environment. Polypropylene is a type of polyolefin that is slightly harder than polyethylene, the material Easter eggs are made of. Surprise, surprise, it’s not biodegradable! Most children throw Easter grass away after unpacking their Easter baskets because it can’t be used for anything else. Unfortunately, the small, skinny nature of Easter grass makes it susceptible to being carried away by wind or water, spreading harmful plastics to waterways, parks, and gardens. As an incredibly common, single-use item, Easter grass adds to the growing volume of plastic waste in landfills (if it makes it to a landfill). Again, similar to Easter eggs, plastic materials used to make Easter grass take hundreds of years to decompose into microplastics. However, microplastics are sometimes even more harmful to aquatic animals that normal-sized plastics because they are easily consumed. However, there are plenty of alternatives to plastic Easter grass out there! Shredded paper, straw, and grass clippings can be used to create Easter grass, all of which are biodegradable materials that can be disposed of safely. But, if you can’t bear to part with plastic easter grass, try reusing it from year to year to help reduce the volume of plastic waste in landfills! ## Easter Dinner ![A food spread prepared for Easter dinner.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*A-21ugNpIYExosXp) Photo by Jessy Smith on Unsplash Easter is a time for families to gather and enjoy time together. Like many other celebrations and holidays, it involves a large meal. While Easter dinner is one of religious celebration, it is still necessary to be mindful of food waste. The production of food items for Easter dinner involves various processes that emit greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. The process of getting even just five pounds of ham to the dinner table can emit 104 pounds of carbon dioxide because of emissions associated with cultivating and harvesting crops, raising livestock, transporting animals, and cooking food. Easter dinner often involves larger quantities of food than are ever consumed, leading to excessive food waste if leftovers are thrown in the trash. Alternatively, families who give leftovers to their guests to take home usually package them in plastic containers or cardboard boxes. These items are single-use and non-biodegradable, adding to the volume of waste in landfills and contributing to deforestation and plastic pollution.
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# Recap April Fool’s Day and Easter, holidays that millions of people around the world celebrate each and every year, can have significant impacts on our environment. From plastic pollution, to deforestation, to food waste, the celebrations that bring us happiness and joy can destroy ecosystems and ruin the lives of other organisms. It’s important to be conscious of the impact our actions can have on the environment and implement sustainable solutions such as buying biodegradable Easter eggs, reusing Easter grass from year to year, and only preparing as much food as you can consume for Easter dinner. ## References 1. [Brightly.eco](https://brightly.eco/blog/carbon-footprint-of-easter-dinner) 2. [Eco Youth](https://ecoyouth.org/2021/04/11/easter-a-rotten-egg/) 3. [Science Daily](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180330105858.htm) 4. [Denalicorp](https://www.denalicorp.com/how-to-minimize-your-environmental-impact-while-celebrating-easter/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter) 5. [Surfline](https://www.surfline.com/templates/article.cfm?id=42199&sef=true)]]> Animal Testing https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/animal-testing https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/animal-testing Sat, 20 Jul 2024 04:13:34 GMT How many trials do you think it takes to deem a product safe for human consumption? Products are tested on hundreds, sometimes thousands, of animals before being mass produced and sold to humans. Most of these tests inflict serious physical damage on the innocent creatures we share our Earth with. ... ![A person dressed in scrubs and medical equipment with a rabbit used for animal testing on a table](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*QVpE3LM5VuUdseUb.jpg) Photo by Rabbit in Research for Animal Testing on Flickr As morbid as that story is, it is unfortunately the life of thousands of animals being used in testing. These animals include monkeys, baboons, cats, dogs, cows, ferrets, fish, frogs, guinea pigs, hamsters, horses, llamas, mice, owls, pigs, sheep, rabbits, and rats. There are various tests done on these animals. The example in the story above is what is done to cats, where their spinal cords are broken or damaged and they are forced to run on treadmills in order to study how nerve activity can affect movement in humans. Some other examples are: - Chemical exposure via force-feeding, inhalation, skin contact, or injection to test toxicity. - Exposures to illnesses, drugs, or chemicals to purposely make the animal ill or in pain. - Purposeful inflictions of wounds to study healing/physiology/treatment. - Studying how stress affects human behavior by placing the animal in stressful situations such as removing a baby from its mother, electric shocks, and forced swimming. - Creating “animal versions” of human ailments like cancer or depression. - Removal or damage of their bodily organs. - Feeding chemicals to pregnant animals such as rabbits to see how the offspring are affected. - Putting in pressure chambers to study their responses. - Killing with asphyxiation, neck-snapping, decapitation, etc. Keep in mind that more often than not, these animals do not receive any pain medications or after-treatment for these experiments. Once the experiment is over, the animal is then killed. ![A rabbit in a field](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*nYnqEHt7kAd55PBB) Photo by Waranya Mooldee on Unsplash # Regulations While the Animal Welfare Act is in place to protect certain animals, its rules are shaky and very minimal. They protect animals like dogs and monkeys, but exclude other animals like rats, birds, and fish. They also don’t include animals specifically bred for testing purposes, meaning that a dog bred for the purpose of animal testing does not count as an “animal” and can be used for tests. Europe banned capturing monkeys from the wild to use for testing, but other countries have not. Farm animals can be supplied by dealers from stables and farms. # Alternatives There are alternatives to animal testing, and these alternatives are actually much more accurate, and often cheaper than animal testing. Ninety percent of drugs tested on animals ultimately fail when given to a human since animals are different from humans and therefore react differently. Animal testing can also be time-consuming and costly, and there are many illnesses that animals cannot contract but humans can. Alternatives to animal testing include 3D chips made from human cells that replicate mini-human organs, computer models that can predict how drugs or chemicals might affect humans, testing on human cells, and 3D-printed tissues. These alternatives can more accurately represent how the human body would respond to these drugs or treatments, and they would be much more humane. ## If we have alternatives, why do we still use animals? While most experiments are not required by law to be performed, a lot of government agencies prefer and even require some animal experiments to test the safety of certain products. The Food and Drug Administration will not approve any drugs that were not tested on animals. The Environmental Protection Agency says that a pesticide must be fed to a dog for 90 days in order for it to be approved. # What can you do? The easiest way to help animals in testing is to not support the companies that do animal testing. Chemical, pesticide, drug, and makeup companies use animals to test how safe their products are for humans, as well as universities, government facilities, and hospitals. Of course, not every one of them uses animal testing, there are plenty of brands and companies that don’t. One of the more popular makeup brands that are cruelty-free is Rare Beauty, so not only is their make-up amazing, but they’re also completely ethical! There’s a plethora of others as well, so the lists will be linked down below. You can also do research on brands and products that you like and avidly use to ensure that they are also cruelty-free. ## Cruelty-free brands - [PETA](https://crueltyfree.peta.org/companies-dont-test/page/5/) - [Cruelty Free Kitty](https://www.crueltyfreekitty.com/list-of-cruelty-free-brands/)
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# References 1. [Humane Society](https://www.humanesociety.org/all-our-fights/taking-suffering-out-science#:~:text=Each%20year%2C%20it%20is%20estimated,killed%20when%20the%20experiment%20ends) 2. [Humane Society](https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/animals-used-experiments-faq#what) 3. [Humane Society International](https://www.hsi.org/news-resources/about/) 4. [Cruelty Free International](https://crueltyfreeinternational.org/about-animal-testing/what-animal-testing#:~:text=Animals%20used%20in%20laboratories%20are,tissues%20to%20deliberately%20cause%20damage) ]]> Coachella: Sustainable or Not? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/coachella-sustainable-or-not https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/coachella-sustainable-or-not Sat, 20 Jul 2024 04:02:39 GMT Coachella claims to aim for sustainability and to leave a positive impact on the desert and the outside world, which it does so through its many programs dealing with waste, water, and energy. However, these programs are not enough simply because there are factors Coachella cannot control. ... # Coachella Sustainability Aims With over 500,000 people attending Coachella 2023 and an average of 60,000 attendees per day in 2023, this leaves us wondering just how many people will attend Coachella 2024. Many reports already claim that Coachella Weekend 1 has sold out. With so many hundreds of thousands of people in Coachella, how does this festival expect to keep pollution low? Coachella claims on their page to have aims of creating “a festival that leaves a positive impact on our desert home and beyond” as well as having pledged to be an “agent of change.” These claims are not entirely unfounded, as Coachella has several programs in place to encourage attendees to reduce their pollution and the festival itself to reduce environmental impact. ## Waste All food vendors serving at Coachella must do so with compostable plates, to-go containers, utensils, etc., with the exception of reusable cups. Leftover food from the various food vendors and caterers in attendance are donated to Coachella Valley Rescue Mission to provide food to community members facing food insecurity. Products and goods left behind by campers and from partner activations are donated to Galilee Center. Other waste is composted and recycled through Coachella’s comprehensive waste diversion strategy. Coachella also encourages its attendees to sort their trash by providing 2 liners at the toll booth so attendees can sort trash into recyclable and landfill bags. These bags can be left at the clearly marked and visible waste bin signage. ## Water Coachella hosts the BYOBottle Campaign, which encourages attendees to bring their own reusable water bottles. Spigots can be found for water refill throughout the venue and campsites in the festival. The festival has also reduced the amount of potable water used for irrigation by using alternative landscapes and only using water unsuitable for drinking to irrigate the grass. Coachella also is attempting to eliminate single-use water bottles everywhere on the festival grounds, except for in the stage safety areas and certain back-of-house areas. ## Energy and Carbon To reduce energy usage and carbon footprint from the festival, Coachella encourages attendees to use energy-efficient technologies such as LED lights, solar-powered electric generators, and electric utility cars. The festival also has various shuttles to decrease individual car travel, while also incentivizing carpooling with Carpoolchella — a contest to win various prizes by carpooling with 4 or more people and decorating your car with the word “Carpoolchella.” Camping of over 35,000 people is also coordinated with various campsites to decrease travel to and from the festival every day. Coachella also has an energy playground in which the crowd can play on the playground to charge up their phones and devices. With these various programs and other unmentioned visibility campaigns, Coachella does take initiative in decreasing its pollution. The festival also partners with various sustainability organizations such as Global Inheritance to promote education and awareness of environmental issues by designing interactive programs that can be integrated into Coachella’s festival experience; Galilee Center to donate products and goods that can be used to provide food, clothing, and other basic needs to affirm people in needs’ dignity with love and respect; and Coachella Valley Rescue Mission to provide local people experiencing issues such as homelessness and hunger with recovery programs, community outreach, and emergency services. Coachella has implemented many programs to decrease its environmental impact both within and outside the festival to extend its reach and fulfill its claim to leave a positive impact on the desert and the world beyond. However, is it enough? ![A girl holding a drink and dancing at Coachella](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*DW61qZ6ycHx9KREH) Photo by Globelet Reusable on Unsplash — Lady with Reusable Cup # Issues with Sustainability Coachella has undoubtedly taken many strides in reducing its environmental impact. However, there are still factors that Coachella has little to no control over that lead to its downfall in terms of sustainability. For one, Coachella needs energy to run its festival. Most of this energy comes from hundreds of thousands of gallons of diesel fuel. While it is true that Coachella provides the energy see-saw on the energy playground to allow attendees to sustainably charge their phones, there seems to be no plausible way for the Empire Polo Club to power this massive festival without using fuel. Nuclear power and renewable fuels are less of an option than one may think. Unlike the world’s greenest music festival in Norway, Øya, Coachella isn’t in a country that runs off 98% clean energy, with easily accessible, cheaper, and clean energy that can be drawn upon in mass amounts to run the festival. On top of the energy issue, Coachella also cannot recycle nearly as much as other music festivals. While Coachella is not the largest music festival in the world, it continues to have very many attendees annually. While some smaller festivals may hold tens of thousands of attendees throughout the entire festival, Coachella holds hundreds of thousands of attendees throughout each weekend. Recycling and donating all the waste that is produced is impossible to achieve. Reports show that of the 214,000 pounds of waste generated daily at Coachella, only 20% of it is recycled, while the remaining 80% ends up in landfills. As for the biggest issue of all music festivals, including Coachella, there is little to be done about the transportation issue. The estimated air pollution from music festivals from transportation is 80%, due to the mass amounts of cars and planes emitting carbon as people travel to the festival. While some people may be able to avoid these emissions by traveling by bike if they live in the local area hosting the festival, many attendees cannot avoid the cars and planes, as the average festival attendee travels 903 miles. As stated earlier, Coachella has attempted to lessen its environmental impact from transportation through incentives to carpool such as Carpoolchella. However, even with carpooling, the amount of carbon emissions arising solely from transportation directly harms the environment severely. These 80% emissions from transportation do not even include the impact of the artists’ travel to Coachella. For all these artists traveling to perform at Coachella, many of them own private jets. Emissions from private jets are incredibly harmful to the environment, as discussed in our earlier blog, “The Truth About Private Jets.” All in all, the negative environmental consequences associated with Coachella are dire despite being, for the most part, unavoidable. Coachella is not a completely sustainable music festival by any means. ![Multiple people attending the Coachella Music Festival](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*JL-krtfQR8bN0G4S) Photo by Marvin Meyer on Unsplash # What can you do? Currently, Coachella has many programs in place to attempt to reduce its environmental impact. However, many attendees do not participate in these programs. If you are someone who enjoys attending music festivals, you can partake in their BYOBottle Campaign by bringing your own reusable water bottle. You can also sort your trash with their provided liners and be sure to actually dispose of your trash rather than littering. Coachella incentivizes picking up trash through their Recycling Store, which provides prizes for turning in recyclables you collect on the festival grounds. This is a wonderful program you can participate in to help clean up the grounds while benefitting from it. Using Coachella’s energy see-saw, their shuttle buses, camping on the grounds rather than driving back and forth from a hotel, and carpooling with their Carpoolchella program are all ways you can help reduce your environmental impact when attending the festival. As someone who doesn’t attend music festivals, you can still help the environment by making it easier for Coachella to reduce its environmental impact. Currently, the US has the capability to recycle 75% of its 292 million tons of waste. However, the US only recycles about 30% of its annual waste due to people not trying to recycle or recyclable trash being mishandled. With awareness campaigns, we can help the environment by getting more of the trash produced by the US recycled. In addition to getting the US to recycle more, increasing the accessibility and lowering the cost of renewable energy could encourage Coachella and other music festivals to switch over. At the moment, the US uses 79% fossil fuels, 8% nuclear power, and 13.1% renewable energy. Due to the lack of renewable energy usage in the United States, the cost of this power is much higher than diesel fuel. To keep costs of powering Coachella at a reasonable level, Coachella has not switched over to renewable energy. However, if the amount of renewable energy used in the United States were to increase through petitions to get more renewable energy facilities built, Coachella may switch over and lower its environmental impact. This energy issue can also be helped through research into renewable fuels for transportation vehicles including airplanes and cars. At the moment, despite biofuel existing, the increased cost of using renewable fuel is too high in mass amounts for powering a plane or car. Research into increasing the efficiency of these fuels may lower costs and encourage others to drive cars that use renewable energy. ![Wind turbines that produce renewable wind power](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*2KMntYoMNGLZrI6y) Photo by Appolinary Kalashnikova on Unsplash
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# Recap Coachella claims to aim for sustainability and to leave a positive impact on the desert and the outside world, which it does so through its many programs dealing with waste, water, and energy. However, these programs are not enough simply because there are factors Coachella cannot control. Transportation to the festival is the biggest cause of pollution, even with carpooling and other attempts to reduce emissions such as camping. The mass amounts of diesel fuel used to power the festival, as well as the mass amount of waste generated from Coachella, are also factors Coachella cannot control due to the United States’ lack of renewable power and inability to recycle all of the waste produced by Coachella. To help with this issue, if you are a music festival attendee, you can participate in Coachella’s pre-existing sustainability programs. If you are not a music festival attendee, signing petitions and providing support for an increase in recycling, building renewable energy facilities, and research for biofuel can help the environment. Building these facilities and research may lower the costs for energy enough that Coachella makes the switch over and people will use biofuel for transportation rather than regular non-renewable fuel. ## References 1. [Coachella](https://www.coachella.com/sustainability) 2. [Impakter — Business of Sustainability](https://impakter.com/how-sustainable-is-coachella/#:~:text=Coachella%20isn't%20very%20open,Coachella's%20impact%20comes%20from%20travel.) 3. [The Cool Down](https://www.thecooldown.com/green-business/coachella-valley-music-and-arts-festival-trash-sustainable/) 4. [Scripps News](https://www.scrippsnews.com/science-and-tech/u-s-recycling-infrastructure-isn-t-meeting-demand#:~:text=The%20EPA%20estimates%20the%20U.S.,trash%20isn't%20properly%20handled.) 5. [University of Michigan](https://css.umich.edu/publications/factsheets/energy/us-renewable-energy-factsheet#:~:text=About%2079%25%20of%20the%20nation's,trend%20has%20continued%20through%202022.)]]> Taking Action: Earth Day Edition https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/taking-action-earth-day-edition https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/taking-action-earth-day-edition Sat, 20 Jul 2024 03:56:55 GMT Earth Day is essentially 24 hours set aside to honor the environment and attempt to mitigate the impact humans have had on it. There are a variety of ways you can take action this Earth Day with friends and family to have a positive impact on our environment. ... # The Origins of Earth Day ![A satellite image of our Earth.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Ng-ueP6hjlWRE4mA) Protect our Planet, Photo by NASA on Unsplash Before the 1970s, no environmental regulations were imposed on factories in regards to the disposal of industrial byproducts. The release of massive black clouds of toxic smoke and the dumping of hazardous waste into waterways was commonplace for most factories in the early 20th century because there were no consequences for their actions. The Environmental Protection Agency, the US federal institution that is responsible for environmental protection and the regulation of pollutants, did not exist. However, in the spring of 1970, Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin proposed Earth Day after witnessing the ecological consequences of pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Earth Day was introduced as a way to bring attention to and solve ongoing environmental issues that plagued the planet. Surprisingly, Earth Day was created with young students in mind. April 22 was chosen as Earth Day because it conveniently fell between spring break and final exams. Earth Day would not be what it is today without the actions of students across the globe. Grassroots environmental activism and change stems from the bright ideas and resiliency of youth. Nelson was successful in garnering the support of individuals across the United States on the first Earth Day with over 20 million people nationwide attending the inaugural events. # Planet vs. Plastic ![A group of fish approaching a patch of plastic waste in the ocean.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*d3C3HsKkL9_eYYj0) Plastic Pollution in the Oceans, Photo by Naja Bertolt Jensen on Unsplash Planet vs. Plastics is the theme for Earth Day 2024. People are constantly and carelessly disposing of plastic which has harmful effects on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Large plastics can potentially end up in waterways where they are mistaken for food by aquatic animals and cause starvation, intestinal blockage, and sometimes suffocation. Up to 100 million marine animals die each year from ingesting plastic waste. Microplastics, small plastics that result from the slow decomposition of plastic materials, are even more harmful than large plastics in some ways because they often spread to food products and are ingested by humans. Alarmingly, plastics will never fully degrade once they are produced. The mass production and consumption of plastics by humans has and will continue to wreak havoc on our environment and cause irreparable damage. This year’s Earth Day theme will raise awareness of the impact of plastics on ecosystems around the world and encourage people to use plastic in more sustainable ways or transition to plastic substitutes that aren’t as harmful to the environment. Environmental activists around the world will be taking action this Earth Day by collecting and properly disposing of plastic products in their local communities. # How Can You Help? ![A sign that says "Planet Earth First"](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*mJbJkmnWbS1_1Ugl) Photo by Photo Boards on Unsplash 1. **Reduce, Reuse, Recycle:** Dispose of plastic products in recycling bins, repurpose plastic bottles into crafts for young kids, or consider purchasing a reusable water bottle! 2. **Community Cleanups:** Communities often host trash cleanups on Earth Day that are open to the public. Join your community’s clean up this year to prevent trash and plastic waste from harming wildlife. 3. **Educate:** Stay updated on current environmental issues and teach your friends and family about ways they can live more sustainably. 4. **Conserve Water:** Don’t take excessively long showers (we’ve all been there) or leave faucets running when not in use. Invest in a dishwasher instead of hand washing your dishes. 5. **Plant a Tree:** Trees sequester carbon dioxide which can help offset carbon dioxide emitted by vehicles. Trees also provide food, protection, and habitats for many organisms which helps preserve biodiversity. 6. **Clean Transportation:** Use public transportation, carpool, bike, or walk to work or school to reduce your carbon footprint. This can reduce carbon emissions by 20 pounds each day. 7. **Choose a sustainable lifestyle.** Although Earth Day is only one day per year, you should always be thinking about the impact your actions can have on the environment. Implementing sustainable practices in your daily routine is the only way we will achieve our environmental goals as a planet. Changing our habits and way of living will prevent this cycle of waste and pollution from repeating itself. We can clean up communities and replant trees until our backs break, but none of it will matter if we don’t change our ways. Keep in mind, even simplest of changes can make an impact.
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# Recap Earth Day is essentially 24 hours set aside to honor the environment and attempt to mitigate the impact humans have had on it. This year, the theme of Earth Day is Planet vs. Plastic to raise awareness of the impact of plastic waste on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Do your part to take action for Earth Day this year by volunteering at a local clean up, planting a tree, or adding a new sustainable practice to your daily routine. We would not be here without the Earth — it is our responsibility to preserve it. ## References 1. [EPA History](https://www.epa.gov/history/epa-history-earth-day#:~:text=There%20were%20no%20legal%20or,U.S.%20cities%2C%20and%20it%20worked) 2. [Condor Ferries](https://www.condorferries.co.uk/marine-ocean-pollution-statistics-facts#:~:text=BY%20POLLUTION%20STATISTICS-,How%20many%20marine%20animals%20die%20each%20year%20from%20pollution%20and,just%20the%20creatures%20we%20find) 3. [Earth Day](https://www.earthday.org/planet-vs-plastics/) 4. [Ocean Service](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/ocean/earthday.html) 5. [Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Earth-Day)]]> Standardized Testing & Its Environmental Impact https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/standardized-testing-and-its-environmental-impact https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/standardized-testing-and-its-environmental-impact Sat, 20 Jul 2024 03:48:23 GMT Paper standardized testing has detrimental impacts on the environment due to the pollution made by the copious amounts of paper wasted, the plastic that is excessively used to cover each test, and the amount of fossil fuel burned in transportation. Luckily, technology is at its height and it is no longer necessary to have standardized testing solely on paper. ... # What are APs? ![AP (Advanced Placement) logo](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*dytbfn_wYj13trZfG-GL3A@2x.jpeg) AP, which stands for “Advanced Placement,” is a program for high school students to take college-level courses and an end-of-year standardized test in order to receive college credit. The AP is a trademark of College Board, a non-profit organization that helps set a national standard for testing and can help colleges determine the placement of a student’s academic success. To do this, College Board, as well as many other standardized testing organizations around the world, cut down thousands of trees to provide testing materials for students. # Environmental Impact of Paper Tests ![Multiple choice answer bubble sheet with a pencil](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*3b7bmk8UmOgdxO37HHqXNw@2x.jpeg) Photo by Nguyen Dang Hoang Nhu on Unsplash College Board has over a million students that take APs every year. According to College Board, in 2022, 1,166,311 students participated in APs, with many even taking multiple a school year. Each test is also very lengthy — most tests are 3 hours long with multiple sections. College Board must provide an ample amount of paper to each student to be used as writing space, though most don’t even use up all the pages. Taking all of this into consideration, the amount of paper used each year for AP testing is almost inconceivable. That being said, here are some ways that standardized tests administered on paper negatively impact the environment: ## Paper ![Large stacks of paper](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*xaLzwLSns0YuNObS5BUbpg@2x.jpeg) Although this is the most obvious way standardized testing affects the environment, it is still important to mention. Paper, although it can be recycled, often isn’t, which leads to tons of paper that effectively goes to waste. From the multi-page question booklets, to the answer booklets filled with writing space, to the scantron multiple choice sheets, to the additional scrap paper provided to students, the amount of paper used adds up to ultimately create a lot of waste. ## Plastic ![Paper wrapped in plastic](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*qZxiBvdspz86XFCPHc9_Qw@2x.jpeg) Each individual test for the AP exam is wrapped in plastic, which, considering that over a million students take one or more APs in the short span of a month, is astonishing when you think of the amount of plastic that must have been used once and now sits in a landfill. It is known that plastic bags usually take around 20 years to decompose with access to air, but when in landfills, these plastic coverings may be rotting for centuries. This isn’t just bad for the growth of landfills, but also for wildlife around it, as it is a common occurrence nowadays to find plastic that has escaped landfills and is floating in the ocean. This plastic not only looks bad and affects the lives of many animals, especially in the ocean, but in turn affects us, as microplastics are found in seafood we eat. If you would like to learn more about plastic and microplastics in the environment, check out our blog, “Microplastic Mitigation.” ## Transportation ![Cargo truck](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*I9NJFL3vA0NQyOHJ0dhdOQ@2x.jpeg) College Board’s main users are in the United States, which spans approximately 2,800 miles horizontally and 1,650 miles vertically. This alone (not including other countries) is hundreds of miles that trucks must travel to transport these materials. According to Penske, the average 22/26 truck uses about 8 gallons of diesel or 6 gallons of gasoline per mile. This is terrible for the environment, as one gallon of gasoline that is burned can stay in the atmosphere as CO2 and other harmful gases for up to 20 years. Although this is a larger scale problem than just the trucks that deliver standardized tests, every bit of emission does add up. # Solutions ![Multiple people’s fists over a work desk in a circle](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*3ORfUhKObjN7KjcVa3aQGQ@2x.jpeg) Photo by Antonio Janeski on Unsplash As stated before, almost all of the AP exams are currently administered on paper, which is environmentally damaging to the environment and preservation of the earth. However, there are some solutions: ## Online Testing Technology isn’t going anywhere anytime soon, and many aspects of school and life are being digitalized. By changing the testing format into an online test, a lot of paper can be saved. Just this year, the SAT, which is another standardized test administered by College Board, has officially become an online-only test. Moving testing online would also resolve the problem of transporting materials. The use of fossil fuels and the carbon footprint of College Board would be greatly decreased with this change. A good thing to note is that College Board is set to change some of their AP exams into digital tests in 2025, which shows some progress toward reducing its environmental impact. ## Better packaging Another alternative is for College Board to think more consciously about its use of plastic packaging. Each test per individual is covered in an excessive amount of plastic. Thus, by utilizing more eco-friendly options for packaging or getting rid of the plastic used to enclose each test, tons of plastic can be saved from ending up in landfills and the ocean.
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# Recap Paper standardized testing has detrimental impacts on the environment due to the pollution made by the copious amounts of paper wasted, the plastic that is excessively used to cover each test, and the amount of fossil fuel burned in transportation. Luckily, technology is at its height and it is no longer necessary to have standardized testing solely on paper. In having more consideration for the environment, College Board, as well as other organizations that utilize standardized testing can become more efficient and environmentally friendly! ## References 1. [College Board](https://reports.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/Number-of-Exams-Per-Student_9.pdf) 2. [Chariot Energy](https://chariotenergy.com/blog/how-long-until-plastic-decomposes/) 3. [Tru Earth](https://tru.earth/blogs/tru-living/how-long-does-it-take-for-plastic-to-decompose) 4. [Statistica](https://www.statista.com/topics/9782/geography-of-the-united-states/#topicOverview) 5. [Coltura](https://coltura.org/) 6. [Penske](https://www.pensketruckrental.com/plan-your-move/drive/fuel-savings-estimator/)]]> Marine Cloud Brightening: An Unorthodox Approach to Solving Climate Change https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/marine-cloud-brightening https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/marine-cloud-brightening Sat, 20 Jul 2024 03:41:58 GMT Marine cloud brightening, a solar radiation modification method that injects salt aerosols into the air to thicken clouds and deflect the sun’s rays, is a potential solution to cooling our oceans and atmospheres. But, it is a complex process that may take decades to refine until it is a suitable and effective technique to combat climate change. ... # Marine Cloud Brightening ![A sunrise over a turquoise ocean casting a pink glow across the sky.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*AhtAQxI_gkCUGZHo) Photo by Joseph Barrientos on Unsplash In order to properly discuss the applications of marine cloud brightening, we must have a concrete understanding of how the heat transfer between the sun and the ocean works. The wind from the ocean’s surface stirs up sea salt crystals, which naturally gather moisture, rise, and form clouds. Clouds reflect some of the sun’s rays back into space and therefore deflect heat that would usually be absorbed by the ocean and Earth’s surface. Marine cloud brightening mimics this natural process using a saltwater aerosol sprayer. High-tech machinery is used to spray saltwater aerosols into shallow marine clouds to brighten them. This increases the cloud’s albedo, reflection of sunlight, and reduces the amount of heat absorbed by ocean water. Therefore, this technique has the potential to make significant progress in halting further ocean warming. Don’t get too excited — this is a long-term process that could take weeks or even months of spraying before ocean water temperatures become optimal. However, marine cloud brightening has the potential to reduce ocean temperatures enough to relieve coral bleaching stress over vast portions of the Great Barrier Reef and to return atmospheric temperatures to what they once were before the overuse of fossil fuels. # Research & Refinement ![A thick layer of marine clouds accumulating over an ocean.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*zU1BwA8kZYV00U7_) Photo by Taylor Van Riper on Unsplash Marine cloud brightening is a technique that is still in need of refinement. Only through more research and testing of the technique on marine clouds can scientists truly make inferences about the long-term feasibility and potential risks of marine cloud brightening. Graham Feingold, a researcher with NOAA’s Chemical Sciences Laboratory, said, “Interest in MCB is growing, but policymakers currently don’t have the information they need to reach decisions about if and when MCB should be deployed.” One of the most challenging aspects of marine cloud brightening is perfecting the size of the aerosols emitted. Researchers need to develop sufficient evidence that appropriately sized particles can consistently be created and delivered to clouds over a large enough area to efficiently and cost-effectively cool the ocean below. Scientists must also address the concerns that trying to manipulate clouds may cause clouds to thin which can increase precipitation and result in greater ocean heating. # The Drawbacks to MCB Testing ![A huge amalgamation of storm clouds.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*dyaMk3oQ3ddvu3pO) Photo by Rafael Garcin on Unsplash Recently, some drawbacks have been discovered in outdoor experimentation with marine cloud brightening. Officials in Alameda, California have recently told scientists to stop testing a marine cloud brightening device due to health concerns raised by the public. On April 2, 2024, the University of Washington began the first outdoor U.S. study of marine cloud brightening devices. The devices were placed on the flight deck of a decommissioned aircraft carrier (the U.S.S. Hornet) docked in Alameda in San Francisco Bay. On May 4, only a month later, the City of Alameda instructed the researchers to stop because of possible health concerns. In a Facebook post the city officials wrote, “City staff are working with a team of biological and hazardous materials consultants to independently evaluate the health and environmental safety of this particular experiment. The City is evaluating the chemical compounds in the spray to determine if they are a hazard either inhaled in aerosol form by humans and animals, or landing on the ground or in the bay.” Although the spray from previous experiments has never shown any threat to the health of humans, animals, or the environment, the University of Washington Research Program has happily cooperated with the city and halted their study until further notice. They also released a statement saying the aerosols they emitted “operate well below established thresholds for environmental or human health impact for emissions.” All in all, it will take further experimentation and research to determine if marine cloud brightening is feasible method to combat ocean heating in the future. # Potential Risks of Marine Cloud Brightening ![A brightened marine cloud over an ocean after being treated.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*mTXpHnyq06xMg8bD) Photo by K. Mitch Hodge on Unsplash The big question is, should we dedicate more resources and effort to reversing climate change or preventing further climate change? Many environmentalists are worried that artificially cooling the planet through MCB is not a solution because it does not directly address the root cause of climate change, the combustion of fossil fuels. There is also a possibility that marine cloud brightening can alter the environment on a local scale. There are potential side effects that have yet to be studied including changing ocean circulation patterns and precipitation patterns. Marine cloud brightening may just be too sensitive of a process to effectively create large scale change. There are a host of different variables that must be considered before implementing marine cloud brightening techniques. Some clouds are more susceptible to aerosol injections than others and how a cloud responds to being manipulated relies on the weather and background aerosol conditions. The optimal particle size and amount is also dependent on cloud properties that can change constantly as they drift through the air. Marine cloud brightening seems like a promising technique to reduce the impacts of climate change, but its potential environmental impacts have yet to be thoroughly researched. Only with time and experimentation will experts be able to come to a conclusion on whether or not this technique will ultimately benefit our planet or harm it.
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# Recap Marine cloud brightening, a solar radiation modification method that injects salt aerosols into the air to thicken clouds and deflect the sun’s rays, is a potential solution to cooling our oceans and atmospheres. Further research is still necessary to refine the process and explore potential side effects and risks. Currently, some studies are currently being cancelled to investigate the impact of marine cloud brightening machinery on human health. Overall, marine cloud brightening is a complex process that may take decades to refine until it is a suitable and effective technique to combat climate change. ## Resources 1. [Great Barrier Reef Foundation](https://barrierreef.org/news/explainers/what-is-cloud-brightening) 2. [NOAA Research](https://research.noaa.gov/2024/03/20/scientists-detail-research-to-assess-viability-and-risks-of-marine-cloud-brightening/) 3. [The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/02/climate/global-warming-clouds-solar-geoengineering.html) 4. [The New York Times](g)]]> The Spongy Moth https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-spongy-moth https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-spongy-moth Thu, 18 Jul 2024 21:42:23 GMT The spongy moth, scientifically known as Lymantria dispar, is an invasive species introduced to North America in 1869 that has caused significant environmental damage since the 1880s. These insects emerge periodically in large numbers, defoliating trees through excessive leaf consumption and causing histamine-induced rashes in humans. ... # History & Characteristics ![A blue and red caterpillar crawling over a rock.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*gGVqhR6lH6OU_Dhh) Photo by Mihály Köles on Unsplash Like many other caterpillar species, spongy caterpillars eventually turn into butterflies or moths. These moths are referred to as “spongy moths” because they lay sponge-like egg masses. Originally being a native species of France, the Lymantria dispar caterpillars were first introduced to North America in 1869. Their rapid spread across the US combined with the significant damage they cause to plants and animals alike have prompted scientists to classify these caterpillars as an invasive species. Although they cause extensive damage, these tiny, black caterpillars are not particularly special. They only grow to about 2.5 inches and their only unique trait is being excessively hairy. Their hairs, also called setae, typically carry histamines which cause itchy rashes when they come into contact with human skin. Hundreds of cases of severe rashes have been reported across the United States as a result of contact with the histamines on the hairs of the caterpillars, sometimes lasting up to two weeks. Disturbingly enough, setae tend to stick to articles of clothing which can cause prolonged allergic reactions to the histamines. # Life Cycle ![A life cycle of the gypsy moth, going from the egg stage to the moth stage.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*XKjZpjc4Bc3BLXeW1xfuUA.jpeg) ## Egg Stage The life cycle of the spongy moth, sometimes referred to as the gypsy moth, begins in late summer when female moths lay their eggs. These eggs are deposited in tan-colored masses that resemble fuzzy patches, often found on tree trunks, branches, rocks, and even man-made structures like fences and outdoor furniture. Each egg mass contains between 500 and 1,000 eggs and is covered with a protective layer of hair-like setae from the female’s abdomen. This covering provides insulation and protection from predators and harsh winter conditions. During the egg stage, the spongy moth’s impact on humans and the environment is relatively low, but this period is crucial for controlling the population. This is also the time when people should check their outdoor furniture for eggs because, if left unchecked, these egg masses can quickly turn into thousands of caterpillars covering every square inch of your back deck. ## Caterpillar Stage ![An infestation of gypsy moth caterpillars on a tree.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*-AUUX9G0N1UxgaUXE-QLPA.jpeg) This is the stage that most people are familiar with. People typically fail to notice caterpillar eggs, but as temperatures rise in late April/early May and the eggs hatch into larvae, they become much more recognizable. When the larvae first hatch, they are small and dark-colored but eventually develop distinctive blue and red spots along their backs with long hairs protruding from their bodies. Mature spongy caterpillars can reach lengths of 2.5 inches (6.35 cm) and are easily identifiable by their striking coloration and hairy bodies. The larval stage is the most destructive phase of the spongy moth’s life cycle. These larvae have voracious appetites and feed on the leaves of over 500 different tree species, usually preferring oak, maple, birch, or willow. During heavy infestations, these caterpillars will sometimes completely defoliate trees, causing significant stress and making them more susceptible to disease, other pests, and environmental stressors. In some cases, repeated defoliation can lead to tree mortality, altering forest compositions and reducing biodiversity. Additionally, the caterpillars are a nuisance in residential areas, often covering trees, patios, and outdoor furniture. On top of this, they rudely leave behind frass (insect droppings) and partially eaten leaves for residents to clean up. ## Pupal Stage ![A caterpillar going into a cocoon.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*nbjhM7fU7PLBJANn) Photo by Filipe Resmini on Unsplash After feeding for 6–8 weeks, the larvae enter the pupal stage, usually in late June/early July. The caterpillars spin silk cocoons in sheltered locations (i.e. under tree bark, leaf litter, man-made structures). Inside these cocoons, they undergo a transformation to pupae: hardened, dark brown, cylindrical pods. During the pupal stage, the spongy moth is immobile and does not feed, therefore having no direct environmental impact. However, this stage is critical for the insect’s development, as it undergoes metamorphosis, changing from a destructive caterpillar into an adult capable of reproducing. The pupal stage lasts 10-14 days, providing a brief window for targeted control measures such as the application of biological insecticides or physical removal. ## Adult Stage ![An adult spongy moth resting on a tree trunk.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1280/format:webp/1*hR3E8h9C364fPGJB1jJHaQ.jpeg) In mid to late summer, adult moths emerge from their cocoons. Male spongy moths are brown, with feather-like antennae and a wingspan of about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm). They are strong fliers and capable of traveling significant distances to locate potential mates. Female spongy moths are larger, with a wingspan of up to 2 inches (5 cm), and white with black markings. Unlike males, females are flightless and rely on their appearance and pheromones to attract mates. The primary goal of the adult stage of the spongy moth is reproduction. Typically, the adult moths live no more than a week. While adults do not feed and therefore do not cause direct damage to vegetation, their role in reproduction ensures the continuation of the species and the increases the potential risk of future infestations. After mating, females lay their eggs, often in the same location as the previous generation, and begin the life cycle anew. This can lead to cyclical population explosions and subsequent defoliation events which have long-term impacts on forest health and ecosystem stability. Fortunately, these terrible outbreaks do not occur every year. In fact, populations vary greatly during the spongy moth life cycle, with some years seeing very minor damage and others experiencing heavy damage due to large infestations of caterpillars causing significant leaf damage and tree defoliation. This cycle repeats every 10–15 years with the outbreaks typically ceasing by natural means, like disease and predators. But, don’t get too happy, this doesn’t mean they aren’t an issue — they will continue to wreak havoc on our environment if we let them be. # What Can You Do? ![Gypsy moth eggs on a tree trunk.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1136/format:webp/0*gJEisFoq_pvoayA6) Encountering spongy caterpillars can be an unsettling experience, especially given their potential to cause significant environmental damage. However, there are several steps you can take individually or within your community to reduce their impact on the environment. The methods described below address reducing spongy moth populations throughout their entire life cycle although there are other methods that target specific stages. ## Manual Removal Firstly, manual removal of spongy moth egg masses is a highly effective method in controlling their population. During fall and winter, egg masses can be found on tree trunks, branches, outdoor furniture, and other surfaces. Using a scraper or a stiff brush, these egg masses can be carefully scraped off into a container filled with soapy water to kill the eggs. It’s important not to simply crush the egg masses or drop them on the ground, as this can allow some of the eggs to survive and hatch in the spring. ## Biological Controls Secondly, biological controls are an effective, but more involved, way of managing spongy moth populations. One effective biological control is the application of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk), a naturally occurring bacterium that targets caterpillars. When ingested by spongy moth larvae, Btk disrupts their digestive systems, causing them to stop feeding and eventually die. Btk is selective and poses minimal risk to humans, pets, and other wildlife, making it a suitable option for environmentally-friendly pest control. ## Protecting Predators Moreover, promoting and protecting natural predators of the spongy moth can contribute to controlling their numbers. Birds, small mammals, and certain insect species prey on spongy moths at various stages of their life cycle. Some of their predators are mice, chipmunks, shrews, voles, skunks, raccoons, and squirrels. Bird predators include orioles, starlings, robins, crows, black-capped chickadees, nuthatches and blue jays. However, the recent population explosions of the spongy moth have made it difficult for their predators to keep their populations in check. Encourage these predators to hunt spongy caterpillars by helping maintain diverse and healthy habitats for them! ## Spreading Awareness Finally, public awareness and community involvement are crucial elements in the fight against spongy moth infestations. Educating neighbors, schools, and local organizations about identifying and managing spongy moths can give rise to coordinated efforts that are more effective than individual actions. Communities can organize egg mass scraping events, fundraise to purchase organisms for biological control, and work together to implement other preventative measures. By taking these steps, individuals and communities can do their part in reducing the impact of spongy moths on the environment. While it may seem impossible to eradicate them completely, concerted, persistent efforts can help protect forests, maintain biodiversity, and minimize the damage caused by this invasive species.
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# Recap The spongy moth, scientifically known as Lymantria dispar, is an invasive species introduced to North America in 1869 that has caused significant environmental damage since the 1880s. These insects emerge periodically in large numbers, defoliating trees through excessive leaf consumption and causing histamine-induced rashes in humans. To mitigate their environmental impact, individuals can manually remove egg masses, use biological controls like Btk, and help natural predators like birds and small mammals thrive. Community awareness and involvement are crucial in coordinating efforts to manage spongy moth infestations — there’s always something you can do to help! ## References 1. [USDA](https://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant-pests-diseases/spongy-moth) 2. [NYS DEC](https://dec.ny.gov/nature/animals-fish-plants/insects-and-other-species/spongy-moth) 3. [University of Wisconsin](https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu/spongymothinwisconsin/) 4. [Mass Audubon](https://www.massaudubon.org/nature-wildlife/insects-arachnids/spongy-moths) 5. [Cornell University](https://cals.cornell.edu/new-york-state-integrated-pest-management/outreach-education/whats-bugging-you/spongy-moth)]]> Dog Breeding https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/dog-breeding https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/dog-breeding Thu, 18 Jul 2024 21:32:29 GMT Today, dogs are bred for perfection and for personal preference. Because humans are very selective about their dog’s physical appearance, they often turn to unnatural breeding techniques to obtain their desired dog’s physique. Mass breeding techniques often result in the emission of large quantities of methane into the atmosphere and increase risks of health defects in pups. ... # The Harm of Breeding on Dogs’ Health ![A dachshund lying on its back in the grass](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*pCb-DtV4Yy3y0__N) Photo by Ralu Gal on Unsplash Because humans are very selective about their dog’s physical appearance, they turn to unnatural breeding techniques to obtain their desired dog physique. In return, bred dogs have a higher chance of developing breathing issues, cancer, and blindness. Additionally, these dogs have to live in constant discomfort and usually die earlier in life as compared to an adopted dog. Brachycephalic dogs are dogs that are bred to have squished and flat faces. As a result, their nostrils are very narrow and they have a difficult time getting oxygen through to their lungs and into their bloodstream. When they go on walks outside, they often get tired very easily, as they do not get enough oxygen inside their bodies. In addition, dogs that are bred to have floppy ears are prone to develop ear infections or irritations later in their lives. Their floppy ears collect moisture from being droopy, and as the wax inside their ears build up, harmful bacteria expands. Droopy ears also make it difficult for dogs to communicate with other dogs and to express their feelings towards their owners. Dogs use their ears to help convey when they are excited, alert, and stressed. When their ears are perked up and relaxed, this may be a signal that they want to interact or play. Dogs with floppy ears, however, are limited in their ear movement and cannot convey such emotions in that manner. Besides the health impacts on a bred dog’s head, their bred bodies can also have negative health impacts. For example, dogs who have small hips have difficulty giving birth, which can ultimately require costly surgery or even end their lives. Also, large or heavy dogs are more likely to suffer from heart, digestion, muscle, and joint problems, which leads to discomfort and can be fatal. To add on, dogs with long backs can suffer from crippling deformities and nervous system problems. In addition, like the floppy ears, short tails can make it difficult for dogs to communicate with others, as they cannot wag their tails. # The Harm of Dog Breeding on The Environment ![A small wet dog on a leash in the bathtub](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*PTrsbS-77eV3sqq-) Photo by benjamin lehman on Unsplash Puppy mills are inhumane dog breeding facilities that excessively breed puppies for profit and ignore the basic needs of the puppies and their mothers. In the puppy mills, because the pups are neglected by the workers, it is common for dog feces to be left on the ground for long periods at a time. This waste produces methane, a dangerous greenhouse gas, and contributes to climate change. In addition, the pathogens that are in dog feces can combine with the runoff water from rain. This drains into streams and eventually makes its way into major rivers that are sources of public drinking water. In turn, this drinking water can have negative impacts on humans’ health. According to Oapen, animal breeding is responsible for 14.5% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Half of these emissions emerge directly from animal breeding, and the other half comes from the need to feed the animals. Because puppy mills strive to make as much money as possible, they breed and produce too many puppies which contributes to pet overpopulation. Every year, millions of dogs end up in animal shelters and the others are euthanized because there are not enough homes for them. # An Alternative to Breeding: Adopting ![A large black and white dog touches noses with a small brown and white puppy](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*t5XGPyiAyB1ijgDl) Pet adoption is the act of transferring responsibility of a pet that was previously owned by someone else. There are many places to adopt an affordable pet, including animal shelters, rescue groups, or previous pet owners. Adopting, rather than breeding, is more environmentally friendly. By adopting, you are saving resources that would normally go into breeding a dog. On top of that, there is less food waste, as many animal rescue centers rely on food donations to feed their animals. Adopting from a local shelter is also more sustainable than having to fly to a breeder. In fact, driving, or even biking, to a closer shelter can reduce the amount of fossil fuels released into the atmosphere. Additionally, adopting from an animal shelter allows for more biodiversity. The dogs at an animal shelter are usually not bred to be a certain type of dog. As a result, this allows for many different varieties of dogs at the shelter who are much healthier. These dogs do not contain as many health defects as bred dogs and are also more affordable. Rescue centers care about dogs’ health and do not care as much about the profit. Adoptive dogs at most shelters will often already have their required vaccinations. Adopting a dog, compared to buying a bred dog, has many advantages both for the dog’s health and the environment. This way, we can continue to protect and care for our furry friends.
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# Recap Today, dogs are bred for perfection and for personal preference. Because humans are very selective about their dog’s physical appearance, they often turn to unnatural breeding techniques to obtain their desired dog’s physique. Because of this, bred dogs have a higher chance of developing health defects. On top of the animal’s health, there are also prolonged issues regarding the environment due to breeding. In the puppy mills, the pups are neglected by the workers, so it is common that dog feces are left on the ground for long periods of time. This waste produces methane, which contributes to climate change. As an alternative, adopting is more sustainable, as you are saving resources that would normally go into breeding a dog. In addition, there is less food waste, as many animal rescue centers rely on food donations to feed their animals. Adopting a pet is the way to go, as you will save an animal’s life and the environment. ## References 1. [Pedigree Dog Health Problems](https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/dogs/puppy/pedigreedogs/health#:~:text=As%20a%20side%20effect%20of,diseases%20like%20cancer%20and%20blindness) 2. [Why Dog Breeding Is Bad (And Why Some People Still Buy Puppies From Dog Breeders)](https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/why-dog-breeding-bad-why-144424836.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACs24A5VChiLTxnNAe6iweSey8SDvX3c2z36G3N6_LGEfo3r77_MCXjIzTaBcqA1n1gEoHEFPsja0u4CJmt2t5TW_fgAOfUd_m58GU-fI4YVE5LEOReAU9lo8VoeDLshqt3M5ZB1Pyggo8YNLHkl_sf-f31ppLxh3lqmqNEQW-nn&guccounter=2#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20biggest%20reasons,only%20add%20to%20the%20problem) 3. [Oapen](https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/61490#:~:text=Animal%20production%20is%20responsible%20for,half%20comes%20from%20feed%20production) 4. [Bark Potty](https://barkpotty.com/blogs/bark-blog/why-is-dog-adoption-more-sustainable#:~:text=Less%20food%20waste%3A%20Many%20rescues,just%20don't%20take%20to)]]> Sunscreen - A Slimy Situation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sunscreen-a-slimy-situation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sunscreen-a-slimy-situation Thu, 18 Jul 2024 21:20:21 GMT Summer is approaching quickly and sunscreen is an essential product for those who want to soak up the sun. Although some sunscreen products contain chemicals that are detrimental to coral reefs and the organisms that live within them, efforts have been made to reduce the large quantities of sunscreen dumped into our oceans annually. ... # Summertime Sunscreen Use ![A small bottle of sunscreen resting on a pile of oranges.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*6x0wi4H6f6nZrBUu) Photo by Arthur Pereira on Unsplash Sunscreen is an essential summertime product unless you want to risk irreversible skin damage. In a way, sunscreen is comparable to the ozone layer. The ozone layer prevents the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays from permeating the Earth’s atmosphere, just as sunscreen protects our skin from the ultraviolet rays that manage to slip past the ozone layer. As summertime nears, many people begin to stock up on sunscreen before traveling or spending countless days lounging beside the pool. No matter what type you buy, sunscreen can have detrimental effects on the environment, specifically our oceans. Glittery sunscreens, scented sunscreens, high SPF sunscreens, and even organic sunscreens contain chemicals that harm aquatic life if washed into waterways. 6,000-14,000 tons of sunscreen make their way into waterways annually. To put this into perspective, a loaded 18-wheeler truck weighs about 40 tons. This means that anywhere from 150 to 350 18-wheeler trucks worth of sunscreen is deposited in waterways each year. The environmental impacts of the introduction of these chemicals to new waterways can have catastrophic consequences on ecosystems and food chains. # The Sunscreen Problem ![A rising sun drawn in sunscreen on a person’s arm.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*e8UnBrunHAI4UIH3wPvAbw@2x.jpeg) Photo by Onela Ymeri on Unsplash Sunscreen is not a new product. Ancient peoples produced skin protection ointments using plant extracts and oils found in nature. Now, most sunscreens are composed of chemicals instead of natural ingredients because harvesting organic materials is expensive and labor intensive. Sunscreens found in stores today are especially harmful to the environment because of the chemicals they are composed of. One such chemical is oxybenzone, first synthesized in 1906. This chemical is excellent at protecting human skin from the sun’s rays, but not so great at protecting Earth’s oceans. ## Coral Bleaching ![A stretch of coral reef leached of all color from toxic chemicals.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*b_7nY9qKa3kb5kH-vQsH3g@2x.jpeg) Photo by Nico Smit on Unsplash Oxybenzone is known to be the most destructive ingredient used to produce sunscreen. The most significant environmental issue associated with this chemical is coral bleaching, a phenomenon involving the expulsion of algae from the tissues of corals when they are under extreme stress, causing corals to appear white instead of colorful. This has not only aesthetic implications, but environmental implications concerning the health of ocean ecosystems. Coral bleaching is ordinarily caused by environmental changes in temperature and light, but researchers have found a correlation between high oxybenzone levels from sunscreen and coral bleaching events. Although coral can eventually recover from bleaching, it is a very long, difficult, and delicate process. Because of this, most coral bleaching events end with corals dying. Oxybenzone is known to cause DNA damage and deformities within coral which can make it even more difficult for these essential organisms to recover from environmental disruptions. ## Biodiversity & Ecosystem Health ![A scuba diver swimming through a coral reef.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*lOsIDUS5eFv4KgGq3sCzLw@2x.jpeg) Photo by NEOM on Unsplash Oxybenzone affects not only coral, but also the species that call coral home. Coral accounts for 25% of marine habitats. There, species are protected from the elements, take care of their young, and hide from predators. Bleaching events make corals unsuitable habitats for aquatic life because they are unable to support the algae that provide nutrients for aquatic organisms. Excessive sunscreen use threatens the health of coral reefs which in turn threatens entire marine ecosystems. Additionally, declining coral populations can have significant impacts on our own lives. Most of the fish we eat once lived in coral reef ecosystems. Compromising coral habitats can also compromise our fish supply. On top of this, the fishing industry often suffers from decreased fish catches. The fish that are caught are often malnourished or too thin to consume. Luckily, many tourist destinations inform visitors of the importance of being environmentally friendly. For example, Hawaii has banned sunscreens that contain oxybenzone to attempt to protect the plethora of unique species that live within the region. # Individual Efforts — What YOU Can Do ![A person submerging their hand in water.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*e6LffDKNYwI6s41dz3jCJg@2x.jpeg) Photo by Josh Hild on Unsplash One thing anyone can do to ensure harmful chemicals like oxybenzone aren’t continuously dumped into our oceans is be more conscious of the contents of the products you purchase. When buying sunscreen this summer, look for products that are reef friendly. These sunscreens are often formulated with ingredients that are less harmful to the environment such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. An alternative to buying sunscreen altogether is investing in swimsuits that have built-in UV protection. This provides full-body protection from harmful UV rays all while preventing further contamination of our waterways. Also, sunscreen can be expensive! Purchasing a product that protects you from the sun and can be worn multiple times is a better financial investment. Get more deeply involved by signing petitions to ban sunscreens with harmful chemicals, sharing your concerns in an email to a sunscreen production company, or calling your representatives to let the government know that people care about this issue. Your actions will encourage the adoption of environmentally-friendly sunscreen practices by individuals and big businesses. Lastly, always remember to leave no trace. Take empty bottles of sunscreen and other trash off the beach with you to prevent plastics and harmful chemicals from entering the ocean.
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# Recap Summer is approaching quickly and sunscreen is an essential product for those who want to soak up the sun. Although some sunscreen products contain chemicals that are detrimental to coral reefs and the organisms that live within them, efforts have been made to reduce the large quantities of sunscreen dumped into our oceans annually. But, we can do even better! With cleaner sunscreen products and UV-protectant bathing suits, individuals can easily make small changes to their summer lifestyle. Do your part in preventing these chemicals from contaminating our oceans by properly disposing of empty sunscreen bottles and educating the public about the impacts of these products on marine ecosystems. ## References 1. [Smithsonian](https://ocean.si.edu/ecosystems/coral-reefs/sunscreen-environment) 2. [National Park Service](https://www.nps.gov/subjects/oceans/sunscreen.htm) 3. [West Coast Trial Lawyers](https://westcoasttriallawyers.com/how-much-does-a-semi-truck-weigh) 4. [NOAA](https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/marine-life/coral-reef-ecosystems#:~:text=Coral%20reefs%20protect%20coastlines%20from,food%2C%20income%2C%20and%20protection) 5. [Science Daily](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190109110048.htm)]]> Hunting For Sport https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/hunting-for-sport https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/hunting-for-sport Thu, 18 Jul 2024 21:13:20 GMT Hunting used to be used just for purposes of obtaining food, but now, it has become a sport to some. In trail hunting, dogs are used to viciously kill wild animals, and the dead bodies are often thrown in stink pits. In trophy hunting, hunters kill wild animals just to display a certain body part for show. These are not only cruel to the animal that is hunted, but is also not a sustainable practice and can greatly damage ecosystems. ... # Why do People Hunt? ![1*6cHBMUeTIlM7_reCGqOK3w@2x](https://res.cloudinary.com/mozzarella-tedi/image/upload/v1721336705/jvhu8rjfkutoljhygrgw.webp) Photo by maxx ❄ on Unsplash There are still plenty of people who hunt to obtain food, which is respectable since they are using the animal for food rather than just for the fun of the hunt, and it’s arguably more ethical than animal husbandry since these animals are not bred just to be killed. However, there are a lot of hunters who don’t actually eat the animals they hunt; they just enjoy the thrill of it. Some sell the pelts of the animals they kill or hang them up as decorations on the wall. Many of them discard the carcass or leave it to rot on the ground. In many cases, hunting isn’t always “bad” if the animal is used for food, killed humanely, and not overhunted. Unfortunately, in the cases of trail hunting and trophy hunting, that criteria is not met. # What is Trail Hunting? Trail hunting is when hounds follow a premade trail of animal urine to simulate traditional hunting. It is popular in the UK, since the Hunting Act banned traditional hunting. It’s supposed to be a harmless, fun sport for both the humans and dogs involved, but people have been using it as a loophole against the Hunting Act, sending out the dogs to chase down foxes and kill them. If the hounds end up following a live mammal scent and killing them, the hunters can claim to “not have known.” In many cases, most hunters don’t even set up a trail beforehand and let the hounds run wild on their own, killing not only wild mammals like foxes and hares, but also farmers’ livestock. ## Why is Trail Hunting Bad? ![1*v4SIFgcF6U-SCLoJQP6-JQ@2x](https://res.cloudinary.com/mozzarella-tedi/image/upload/v1721336790/rrhccfdzlatkotcd0sam.webp) Photo by Ma Ti on Unsplash The foxes killed during trail hunting are often not used for anything valuable, and their corpses are usually tossed to rot in stink pits — holes dug to throw dead animal bodies in. People typically enjoy watching trail hunting like a sick sports game, betting on which hound will catch the mammal first. Trail hunting advocates try to defend trail hunting by claiming it as a form of pest control; however, trail hunting cannot be considered a valid form of pest control since many trail hunters hold foxes in captivity and breed them for the purpose of hunting. In 2015, the League Against Cruel Sports discovered a barn full of 16 fox cubs being raised for trail hunting. They were later released and saved, with only one casualty, but this isn’t an isolated incident. The hounds don’t always kill the foxes either, since they can be reused in other hunts, so it puts immense amounts of stress and physical turmoil on the foxes. Since foxes typically burrow underground to hide from predators, hunters take the initiative to block the burrows, creating a grudgingly long chase. If a fox manages to burrow underground, hunters will send terriers into the burrow to scare out or outright kill the fox. This causes both the fox and the dog to suffer severe injuries on the face, head, and neck from fighting underground. The foxes don’t have the mercy of receiving a quick death either. Autopsies have shown that foxes go through great amounts of suffering before death, with bite marks and ripped flesh all over the body from being torn apart by the dogs. The foxes and other mammals aren’t the only victims of trail hunting. Hounds are selectively bred and trained, and if a hound is not physically fit enough, falls ill, or becomes weak with age, the dog will be killed. Badgers also fall victim to trail hunting since many hunters accidentally cover up badger sets to prevent foxes from hiding in them, which is illegal, as badger sets are protected in the UK. # What is trophy hunting? ![1*iuf-9-4ipsFDxbfXHUpJSA@2x](https://res.cloudinary.com/mozzarella-tedi/image/upload/v1721336826/dgwfrtwu0yahjm14kh0q.webp) Photo by Simone Jo Moore on Unsplash Trophy hunting is another form of hunting in which the animals are not used for food, but as decoration. These hunters will either pay someone large sums of money overseas to hunt an exotic or rare animal and bring back their remains, or hunt the animal themselves. They then take parts of the animal, like their heads, hides, claws, tusks, or even the whole animal, and display it for show. The most popular animals for trophy hunting are American black bears, mountain zebras, baboons, African elephants, lions, leopards, and wolves. ## Why is trophy hunting bad? Even though parts of the animal are being used, it’s not necessary for survival and their body parts are only used to be displayed on a mantle. Not only are the animals being cruelly killed for no real purpose, but the excessive hunting also has detrimental effects on the ecosystem. Many species, such as the African elephant, have had their numbers drastically cut down due to over-hunting. From the 18th century to now, the population of African elephants went from 26 million to only 415,000. Asian elephants suffer an even greater loss, with only 40–50,000 of them remaining. These gracious creatures are killed only for their ivory tusks, with the rest of their bodies discarded. Hunters typically target healthy animals that are of reproductive age for the best “quality,” which greatly contributes to the dwindling population of these animals. On March 15, 2024, an American trophy hunter from Texas shot down a bull elephant in Tanzania. This elephant was reportedly a “super tusker,” or a fully matured male elephant with a tusk weighing over 100 pounds. This genetic make-up is quite rare, which makes them so desirable for trophy hunters. This elephant was also prime mating age; male elephants only constantly reproduce at 35–40 years old, and 75% of elephants will die before they reach this age, so this age window is already extremely short. Shooting down an elephant in this age range severely affects the elephant population. The elephant’s body was allegedly burned after it was killed. Elephants are not the only victims of trophy hunting, for there are around 3,600 animal species that are becoming threatened by this practice. It’s not only wild animals that are affected either. Many trophy hunters partake in “canned hunting,” where animals are bred and raised for the sole purpose of being shot by a hunter in an enclosed space to become a trophy. Lions are typically the animal of choice in canned hunting. Trophy hunting is done worldwide; however, America is the #1 importer of trophy animals. # Environmental Impact The negative effects of hunting for sport include those on the environment as well. Hunting animals means removing them from the ecosystem, which can greatly change many different animal populations all at once. When too many animals of a species are removed from an ecosystem, there may be extinction of that species or overpopulation of another species, which upsets the natural balance that exists in the environment. Hunting may also affect the migration and hibernation patterns of species that exist, as well as any other parts of their life cycles. The removal of certain animals may even drive evolutionary change to favor individuals with different traits than it would naturally. # What can be done? ![1*jzXVHH9Mkpnk5Oqv6s9Irg@2x](https://res.cloudinary.com/mozzarella-tedi/image/upload/v1721336879/qftjnnb8h5pekr8i3wt4.webp) Photo by Jon Tyson on Unsplash If you are a fan of hanging animal parts in your home or want to have an outdoor hobby, but don’t want to partake in these unethical practices, then there are plenty of alternatives. Technology has advanced enough that synthetically made animal parts can be created, like a rhino horn made of 3-D printed keratin. Realistic-plush animal bodies are also an option if you wish to obtain the whole body. If you want to spend time outdoors, you don’t have to gun down an innocent animal to do so. Hiking, camping, or horse riding can be a sociable activity done outside without any casualties. To ban these practices altogether, you can urge legislatures to enforce laws against them, educate your family and friends, or support organizations, such as Humane Society International, that fight against trail and trophy hunting. Hunting can be done ethically if the animal is killed humanely and the body is used purposefully; however, trail and trophy hunting are done just for sport, and aren’t necessary for survival.
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# Recap Hunting used to be used just for purposes of obtaining food, but now, it has become a sport to some. Two types of hunting for sport include trail hunting and trophy hunting. In trail hunting, dogs are used to viciously kill wild animals, and the dead bodies are often thrown in stink pits. In trophy hunting, hunters kill wild animals just to display a certain body part for show. These are not only cruel to the animal that is hunted, but is also not a sustainable practice and can greatly damage ecosystems. To prevent this, synthetic alternatives to animal trophies can be used for display. Also, urging legislatures to pass laws banning sport hunting can also stop these practices. ## References 1. [British Hound Sports Association](https://bhsa.org.uk/what-is-trail-hunting/) 2. [The Spectator](https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-sinister-reality-of-trail-hunting/) 3. [The National Humane Education Society](https://www.nhes.org/animal-info-2/animal-welfare-information/sport-hunting/) 4. [The Humane Society](https://www.humanesociety.org/all-our-fights/banning-trophy-hunting) 5. [Newsweek](https://www.newsweek.com/its-2024-not-1924-why-are-we-still-trading-elephant-trophies-opinion-1888047) 6. [The Humane Society](https://www.humanesociety.org/blog/another-beloved-elephant-tanzania-has-been-killed-trophy-hunter) 7. [Center for Humans and Nature](https://humansandnature.org/hunting-mark-damian-duda-andrea-criscione/) 8. [League Against Cruel Sports](https://www.league.org.uk/what-we-do/hunting/trail-hunting/) 9. [University of California — Understanding Global Change](https://ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/fishing-hunting/) 10. [League Against Cruel Sports](https://www.league.org.uk/what-we-do/hunting/fox-hunting/) 11. [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/sep/23/human-hunting-evolution-2million-years#:~:text=%22Until%20now%20the%20oldest%2C%20unambiguous,humans%20is%20a%20controversial%20subject.) 12. [Humane Society International](https://www.hsi.org/issues/trophy-hunting/) 13. [Mongabay](https://news.mongabay.com/2021/02/fake-it-till-you-save-it-synthetic-animal-parts-pose-a-conservation-conundrum/#:~:text=Biotechnology%2C%20advanced%20materials%20science%2C%20and,of%20other%20wild%20animal%20replicas.)]]> Eco-Tourism: The Preservation of Crystal Cave in Kutztown, Pennsylvania https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-preservation-of-crystal-cave-in-kutztown-pennsylvania https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-preservation-of-crystal-cave-in-kutztown-pennsylvania Wed, 17 Jul 2024 20:59:49 GMT Crystal Cave’s troubling beginnings in the 17th century caused the degradation of natural formations like stalagmites and stalactites that took millions of years to form. After 150 years of tours, the staff in the Crystal Caves have developed a deeper understanding of how human interactions impact the formations in the cave. ... ## The Cave's Origins ![1*0Vv4Ue803x0Xy6fK2WexYA](https://res.cloudinary.com/mozzarella-tedi/image/upload/v1721249292/iggycniml1clejiec3z2.webp) Crystal Cave opened to the public on May 25, 1872 after being purchased by Samuel D. F. Kohler for $5,000 that same year. After over 150 years of tours, much has changed inside of the cave. This includes updates to lighting, new steps, and railings, but the most notable of all have been the changes to the original formations found in the cave. The stalactites (hanging formations produced by the precipitation of minerals from water dripping through a cave ceiling) and stalagmites (upward-growing deposits of minerals that have precipitated from water dripping onto the floor of a cave) within have been impacted greatly by the lack of knowledge tourists had during the late 17th and early 18th century. ## The Degradation of Crystal Cave ![1*7XkHFKwy7YwtWIFWUJhxZw](https://res.cloudinary.com/mozzarella-tedi/image/upload/v1721249333/zwlmebxrtcej0upjqywm.webp) ### Stalagmites & Stalactites While touring Crystal Cave’s sites, you are given a brief history of the many environmental mishaps that have taken place with the walls of the cave. These stories detail the destruction of formations that took millions of years to form. Many calcite structures have receded and stopped growing altogether due to human intervention. If you are touring Crystal Cave you may notice the blunt edges of certain formations as you pass by. This is no natural phenomenom; in the past tourists were once able to take chunks of the formations home with them as souvenirs. At the time, tourists and managers of the cave were not aware that these formations took millions of years to form, and would take millions of years to regenerate. As a result, visitors can no longer take keepsakes out of the cave, nor are they allowed to touch the formations. In the past, tourists could freely touch stalagmites and other formations in the cave, until it was discovered that they were “killing” the formations by doing so. The oils on our hands were found to create a barrier that prevents the formations from growing, as they block dissolved minerals from continuing to build up on the current deposit. In footage as late as the 1950s, you can see people touching famous formations as a way of advertisement. That same video also features a dog walking over another famous formation site. While the “no touching” rule is now heavily enforced, there is one exception in the cave where tourists are actually encouraged to touch the remains of a stalagmite that had to be removed due to a safety issue it caused in the tour path. ### Lighting Before electricity was introduced into the cave, tour guides had to use alternative methods of lighting. Guides would light oil-soaked rags and toss them towards the ceiling of the cave to illuminate certain formations for visitors. This has caused some discoloration of the cave ceiling that is still visible to this day. ### Large Events Many events have been held inside of the “ballroom,” one of the most open spaces found in the cave. On October 15, 1919, a wedding between Marion I. Kurtz and Francis J. Finley was held inside of Crystal Cave. One of the formations was decorated with flowers and used as an altar and the “Bridal Chorus” was played on a piano that was hauled inside of the cave. On December 4, 1949, the first baptism in a cave in Pennsylvania was performed, using water from a small natural pool within the cave. These disturbances of the natural processes occurring inside of the cave have led to changes over time that have negatively affected the preservation of the natural formations. However, in more recent years, the staff at Crystal Cave have taken significant steps to make up for the degradation of the site in the past 150 years. ## Preservation Efforts ![1*p5daUESUhxwLC1-PbTf-uA](https://res.cloudinary.com/mozzarella-tedi/image/upload/v1721249434/ioenf1bhidims6jwkkco.webp) The most effective solution to preserving the current condition of Crystal Cave is simply keeping it clean. Each winter the cave undergoes a thorough shutdown for extensive cleaning to prevent any unwanted bacterial growth and to remove any remaining footprint of human activity. This procedure ensures that formations are able to continue growing undisturbed. The education of visitors woven within the tours is another tool the staff use to raise awareness regarding sustainable tourism practices. Some environmental advocates argue that visiting sites like this should not be permitted at all, but it is through experiences like these that the average person is able to gain a new appreciation and curiosity for the world’s wonders.
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## Recap Crystal Cave’s troubling beginnings in the 17th century caused the degradation of natural formations like stalagmites and stalactites that took millions of years to form. After 150 years of tours, the staff in the Crystal Caves have developed a deeper understanding of how human interactions impact the formations in the cave. Today, the staff at Crystal Cave have used the mistreatment of the natural site as a lesson for current visitors and have implemented practices to preserve the cave’s current conditions for years to come! ### References 1. [Historic Crystal Cave](https://crystalcavepa.com/history/) 2. [Ukrainian Journal of Ecology](https://www.ujecology.com/articles/ecotourismrsquos-impact-on-fragile-ecosystems-balancing-conservation-and-tourism-103084.html#:~:text=Popular%20eco%2Dtourism%20destinations%20may,to%20pollution%20and%20habitat%20disruption.) 3. [NOAA](https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/stalactite.html) 4. [NCBI](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9244007/) ]]> Water Rights -  The Story of Idaho’s Water Crisis https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/idahos-water-crisis https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/idahos-water-crisis Wed, 17 Jul 2024 02:21:51 GMT The Idaho state government issued water curtailment orders in early June because multiple districts exceeded the amount of groundwater they were allowed to withdraw. This curtailment threatened the health of crops and had the potential to devastate the Idaho agriculture industry. ... # What are Water Rights? ![A person using a hose to water grass.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*Mzy-p2c5e03bm5G2) Photo by Steve DiMatteo on Unsplash Water rights, the legal rights bestowed to property owners to access water adjacent to land they own, vary throughout the eastern and western parts of the United States. In the Western states, the majority of people follow the prior appropriation doctrine. It grants the right to divert water to the first person who used it when there isn’t enough water for all property owners. On the contrary, many eastern states follow the riparian doctrine, which restricts water use to those who own the land adjacent to the water source. Idaho specifically follows the “first in time, first in right” doctrine, meaning that a property owner has the right to continue using water if they are the first to use it. Those who used a certain water supply first are considered to have “senior rights” to the water, while those without initial access to a supply of water are considered to have “junior rights”. Water rights can be bought, sold, leased, and passed down through generations. # What is Water Curtailment? ![An automated sprinkler system watering plants and grass.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*NUbmUom34DVJXRJ6) Photo by Kseniia Ilinykh on Unsplash During times where there is not a sufficient amount of water to allocate to all property owners with water rights, senior water right holders are favored over junior water right holders. In scenarios where there is not enough water to support all the known needs in a watershed, a state may issue Curtailment Orders. These directives order water right holders to cease water use, with junior water right holders forced to reduce their water use first. # Idaho’s Crisis ![A huge expanse of dead crops on an Idaho agricultural field.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*TH7V-uEVi3hJQfvd) Photo by Léon McGregor on Unsplash In early June, Eastern Idaho farmers with junior water rights who rely on groundwater to irrigate their crops were threatened with a curtailment order by the Idaho Department of Water Resources. This was a result of nine groundwater districts drawing more water than they had been allotted in a 2016 agreement. This curtailment had the potential to dry up more than 300,000 acres of farmland, jeopardizing many of the crops necessary to feed millions of Americans. Fortunately, a mitigation agreement for 2024 was submitted to the Idaho Department of Water Resources. After approval, it lifted the curtailment for all nine groundwater districts. The groundwater districts are now required to conserve 240,000 acre-feet of water and deliver 50,000 acre-feet of storage water to the Surface Water Coalition to help end the current water shortage. “A crisis has been averted,” said Idaho Lt. Governor Scott Bedke. While the agreement worked on by Bedke and Governor Little has prevented crops from drying out this year, without a reevaluation of current policies there is little stopping this agricultural catastrophe from happening again in the future in Idaho and other areas of the United States. # Working Toward Solutions ![Vibrant green crop fields.](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*QYMEn-2lsYJ3oODL) Photo by Tomasz Bazylinski on Unsplash According to Lt. Governor Bedke, “there is a commitment to sit down and negotiate to make sure this doesn’t happen again next May and June.” In order to see sustainable policy change, it is crucial that senior and junior water right holders cooperate with each other. One proposed solution involves updating waterways with modern infrastructure technology to maximize the amount of water all holders can access. However, some senior right holders seem apprehensive about making changes to the current system, stating, “…we don’t want to see those acres dried up… but nonetheless, we’ve got to exercise our rights as well.” While it may not be easy, farmers are working diligently to prevent further crop destruction in the upcoming agricultural seasons.
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# Recap The Idaho government issued water curtailment orders in early June because multiple districts exceeded the amount of groundwater they were allowed to draw. However, this curtailment threatened the health of crops and had the potential to devastate the Idaho agriculture industry. State governors successfully negotiated an agreement to end these curtailment orders, preventing over 300,000 acres of farmland from drying out. Farmers with junior rights are now fighting to establish more modern methods of water withdrawal to prevent the “first in time, first in right” doctrine from harming their crops in the future. ## References 1. [Texas Farm Bureau](https://texasfarmbureau.org/american-economy-driven-by-u-s-food-agriculture/) 2. [Investopedia](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/water-rights.asp#:~:text=Water%20rights%20give%20landowners%20access,water%20adjacent%20to%20one's%20property.&text=Littoral%20rights%20are%20a%20type,on%20water%20access%20and%20usage.) 3. [Two70](https://www.two70.com/idaho-water-rights/#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20types%20of,underground%2C%20like%20in%20an%20aquifer.) 4. [Department of Ecology State of Washington](https://ecology.wa.gov/regulations-permits/compliance-enforcement/water-use-compliance/curtailing-water-use) 5. [California Water Boards](https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drought/resources-for-water-rights-holders/docs/curtailments-2022.pdf) 6. [East Idaho News](https://www.eastidahonews.com/2024/06/governor-signs-order-requiring-water-users-reach-permanent-solution-in-conflict/) 7. [Idaho News](https://idahonews.com/news/local/agreement-lifts-east-idaho-water-curtailment-saves-nearly-300000-acres-of-farmland) 8. [KTVB 7](https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/local/208/as-water-curtailment-orders-stop-farmers-focus-finishing-season-and-negotiations-for-a-long-term-plan/277-2c59b33d-b963-4cdb-82ac-3aeebbdd0685)]]> Sustainable Swimsuits?? https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sustainable-swimsuits https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/sustainable-swimsuits Tue, 16 Jul 2024 05:27:58 GMT An abundance of plastic sheds off swimwear to release microplastics into the environment when swimwear is worn and washed. Microplastics can have devastating impacts on aquatic ecosystems and severely impair human health. ... # The Issue with Swimsuits ![Dangerous swimsuits](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_a8e39de93565437f8905f140fb73f11a~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_493,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_a8e39de93565437f8905f140fb73f11a~mv2.png) All swimsuits release microplastics into the environment in some form. It is impossible for microplastics to not end up in our environment with current technology when swimsuits are worn, washed, produced, and discarded of. # Production ![Smoking factory](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_44be7fb6c09f4eb797c7520119700260~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_493,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_44be7fb6c09f4eb797c7520119700260~mv2.png) The production process is the first stage of microplastic release into the environment. Swimsuits are made with the idea that they have to withstand different types of water, the sun, heat, sunscreen, and anything else that could damage them. The harsh effects of chlorinated water or salt water paired with the sun can break down a poor-quality swimsuit incredibly quickly, resulting in the swimwear being thrown out after just a few uses. With the conditions swimwear must withstand, as well as the need for swimwear to be stretchy and moisture-wicking, swimwear producers turned to plastic fabrics such as nylon, polyester, and spandex. These fabrics release microplastics into the environment as they shed from regular use. Plastic is not biodegradable, so these microplastics remain in the environment forever. Even with some brands attempting to be more environmentally friendly by using biodegradable fabrics to make other clothing items, there is no biodegradable option for performance-ready swimwear fabric, so they must use fabrics made from plastic. Because of this, many brands with sustainability initiatives use recycled synthetic fabrics rather than new plastic fabrics. However, this process can be costly and difficult, as the use of plastic blends in some swimwear fabrics makes it hard to recycle them. Dyes and other chemicals used to make swimwear colorful and patterned contribute to the unsustainability and difficulty of recycling swimwear. Large brands often forgo sustainability initiatives due to the difficulty of using recycled fabrics to make swimwear. The sustainability initiatives of most sustainable swimwear brands include producing good-quality, durable swimwear out of recycled fabrics that will not need to be discarded after a few uses into a landfill. To improve the durability and stretch of swimwear, brands blend certain fibers into fabrics including Elastane, Xtra Life Lycra, and Roica (a more eco-friendly Elastane fabric). These fabrics allow swimwear to resist degradation so that swimwear can last up to 10 times longer than fabric unprotected by one of these fibers. # Swimsuit Usage ![Clean living room](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_d441e5e32e70432580cae88375425581~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_493,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_d441e5e32e70432580cae88375425581~mv2.png) Even if most people own just a few pieces of swimwear, swimsuits are worn and washed over and over. Every time a piece of swimwear is worn into the water, or even simply worn outside, microplastics are released into the environment. Despite people’s best efforts to prevent microplastics from being released into the environment while wearing swimwear, the shedding of a swimsuit inevitably results in microplastics ending up in soil or in waters that will eventually end up in the ocean. This microplastic pollution is made even worse by the process of washing swimwear. Simply throwing a swimsuit into the washing machine results in it releasing microplastics into the wash water which will eventually end up in the ocean. The cycle of the washing machine hastens the shedding of microplastics even more, as the rough motions physically pull microplastics off the fabric. Gently handwashing a swimsuit in cold water also results in microplastics being released into the water used. Even with the use of a microplastic filter such as a Guppyfriend bag or Cora Ball to collect the microplastics coming off the swimsuit during the cleaning process, the microplastics still need to be disposed of somehow. Throwing out the microplastics collected again results in the microplastics ending up in a landfill where it will potentially leach into the ground and pollute the surrounding area. It is impossible to avoid microplastic release into the environment while wearing and washing a swimwear garment. # Discarding Swimsuits ![Discarding swimsuits](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_fd7320431e3045f085ad69dba975e801~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_494,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_fd7320431e3045f085ad69dba975e801~mv2.png) Discarding a swimwear garment in an environmentally-friendly way is nearly impossible. As previously discussed, it is quite difficult to recycle swimwear garments due to their fabric composition often being a blend of various plastic fibers. Finding and sending swimwear to a recycling facility that can recycle swimwear is difficult due to the lack of properly equipped facilities. Even if a proper recycling facility was to be found, brands creating swimwear from recycled fabrics face the issue of their swimwear shedding 2.3 times more microplastics than general polyester. Most consumers simply throw out their garments when their swimsuits have lived past their prime. These swimsuits end up in landfills where the plastics in the fabrics are slowly broken down into smaller microplastics that leach into the soil and water. Swimsuits may end up discarded in the ocean as well, contributing to the growing amount of trash in the ocean. Discarding swimwear in a sustainable way is no easy task. # Sustainable Swimwear Brands ![Swimsuit](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_440239fc46a646e6832e8ff4a9fbb62a~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_1110,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_440239fc46a646e6832e8ff4a9fbb62a~mv2.png) While a truly sustainable swimwear piece is difficult to find due to the microplastics released into the environment in every part of a swimsuit’s life cycle, brands that use recycled plastic fabrics as part of their sustainability initiatives are more environmentally friendly than brands that use virgin plastic that contributes to the growing amount of plastic pollution in the world. **Summersalt** is a brand that produces swimwear from recycled polyamide. The brand claims that their products are made from recycled textiles that possess four times the compression and five times the strength of other swimwear. The brand is size inclusive with sizes from XS-2X and considers themselves ethical due to their WRAP and BSCI certified production practices. **Patagonia** is a brand that produces swimwear from recycled nylon and recycled polyester. The brand is size inclusive with sizes from XXS-XXL. Swimwear from Patagonia is performance-ready, as they claim to have a passion for activewear. Since 1985, Patagonia has pledged one percent of their sales to the preservation and restoration of the environment. **Vitamin A** is a brand that produces swimwear from recycled nylon. The brand’s swimwear is inspired by ’70s beach glamour and is shipped in completely biodegradable packaging. The brand is size inclusive with sizes from XS-XXL. Vitamin A produces swimwear that is ideal for mixing and matching bikinis. **TomboyX** produces swimwear from recycled polyester and OEKO-TEX certified materials for gender-neutral/gender-fluid swimwear. The brand is size inclusive with sizes from XS-6X. Swimwear from TomboyX is quick-drying and has UPF sun protection. **Londre** produces swimwear from recycled plastic bottles for minimalist swimwear with a twist. Pieces from Londre are equipped to resist all the salt, sand, sweat, and other conditions they may face. The brand is size inclusive with sizes from XS-5XL.
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# Recap During production, swimsuits are made using plastic fabrics such as nylon, polyester, or spandex, which is then mixed with another fiber such as Elastane (aka spandex), Roica (a more environmentally-friendly type of Elastane), or Xtra Life Lycra. This blend of plastics makes swimwear especially difficult to recycle. The abundance of plastic sheds off swimwear to release microplastics into the environment when swimwear is worn and washed. When discarded, swimwear ends up in landfills or in the ocean due to the difficulty of recycling swimwear for its plastic to be reused. Sustainable swimwear, despite being more environmentally-friendly than other swimsuits, is still harmful to the environment. However, brands such as Summersalt, Patagonia, Vitamin A, TomboyX, and Londre are preferable as compared to large brands that disregard sustainability due to its high cost and difficulty. ## References 1. [The Good Trade](https://www.thegoodtrade.com/features/sustainable-swimwear-brands/) 2. [Fast Company](https://www.fastcompany.com/90331472/your-swimsuit-is-terrible-for-the-environment) 3. [British Vogue](https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/sustainable-swimwear-challenge)]]> Acid Rain - A Burning Situation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/acid-rain-a-burning-situation https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/acid-rain-a-burning-situation Tue, 16 Jul 2024 05:23:54 GMT Acid rain is a threat to our environment. It negatively impacts the health of both aquatic and terrestrial species, causing trophic cascades and long-lasting damage to ecosystems. ... # What is Acid Rain? ![Rain 2](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_2509ead9567f4899b61626723989111d~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_555,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_2509ead9567f4899b61626723989111d~mv2.png) Acid rain is rain that has a lower pH than normal rain (5.0–5.5). It occurs when pollutants, like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, mix with water vapor and oxygen to create nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids then lower the pH of water that falls to Earth’s surface. Although acid rain in reality isn’t like acid rain in movies where people’s skin burns off, it does create significant problems for the environment and various species. # The Environmental Impact of Acid Rain ![Forest](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_706b144e262042138a920d8292e2eb9d~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_628,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_706b144e262042138a920d8292e2eb9d~mv2.png) Acid rain impacts various organisms in different ways. While some organisms can stand a diverse range of pHs and can survive periods of acid rain, others are more sensitive. Reoccurring instances of acid rain in a particular region can threaten an entire species. Clownfish, coral, and salmon are just a few examples of aquatic species that would be affected by water acidification, specifically ocean acidification, as they thrive in water with a pH range of 7–8. Other land organisms are also affected by acid rain. Trees, which are found almost everywhere, are also vulnerable to acid rain. Acid rain depletes soil of aluminum and other nutrients that trees need in order to grow. This weakens trees and other plants, making them less likely to withstand drastic environmental changes. This demonstrates how all ecosystems are connected. Trees need nutrients from their roots in order to follow through with other processes like photosynthesis, growth, and maturation from a seedling to an adult tree. Similarly, an entire ecosystem can be devastated if even one important species begins struggling to survive after a bout of acid rain. # Acid Rain in the 1970s ![Night city](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_39aa278e856141e8905e2210cbcce971~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_1110,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_39aa278e856141e8905e2210cbcce971~mv2.png) In the USA, acid rain reached its peak during the 1970s and 1980s. During this time, the lowest recording of pH was 2.1 — about 1,000 times more acidic than normal, according to Smithsonian Magazine. Because of these occurrences, people became more aware of the implications of water runoff and more dedicated to protecting our environment through legislative action. But, we cannot forget that a critical ingredient in acid rain is sulfur dioxide, a molecule emitted in large quantities into the atmosphere from factories. The frequent onslaught of acid rain during these two decades in the 20th century showed the world that action must be taken to reduce emissions for the wellbeing of our planet and the species that depend on it. # Efforts to Reduce Acid Rain ![Mountain](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_edbbe9502e2a47dd849d4bf7fc658fef~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_1110,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_edbbe9502e2a47dd849d4bf7fc658fef~mv2.png) Efforts to prevent acid rain in the United States started in 1995 with the Acid Rain Program. This program created limits for the amount of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide that can be emitted from fossil fuel powered plants. As a result, there has been a significant decrease in the amount of acid rainfall across the United States. But, rarely there are still some instances of this devastating phenomenon occurring throughout the country. You can make a difference and take action on this critical issue by transitioning to renewable energy sources and reducing your consumption of fossil fuels. Some examples of this are buying a hybrid or electric vehicle, installing solar panels on your roof, and turning off the air conditioning while on vacation. Every action counts and we all must work together to make positive change.
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# Recap Acid rain is a threat to our environment. It negatively impacts the health of both aquatic and terrestrial species, causing trophic cascades and long-lasting damage to ecosystems. Caused mostly by manmade pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, it is important to reduce our emissions to prevent acid rain from occurring more frequently in the future. Do your part to keep our Earth and the species that rely on it safe! ## References 1. [National Geographic](https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=1PDjVDIrFec) 2. [EPA- What is Acid Rain](https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain) 3. Fondriest 4. Smithsonian Magazine 5. [EPA- Effects of Acid Rain](https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects-acid-rain) 6. [EPA- Acid Rain Program](https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/acid-rain-program) 7. [EPA- Acid Rain Program Results](https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/acid-rain-program-results)]]> The Acrylic Nails Epidemic https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-acrylic-nails-epidemic https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/the-acrylic-nails-epidemic Tue, 16 Jul 2024 05:14:01 GMT Acrylic nails are created from a combination of liquid monomer and powder polymer that is molded and shaped into your desired length onto your natural nails. They are strong, durable, and long-lasting. However, these fake nails are harming the environment, and are also very harmful to humans’ long-term health. ... # The Origin of Acrylics ![Painted fingernails](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_7ca91a42efd04fb3990e4ca8d0581105~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_1522,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_7ca91a42efd04fb3990e4ca8d0581105~mv2.png) Artificial nails can be seen throughout many time periods and groups of people in history. They emerged as early as ancient civilizations, and were considered to be a symbol of nobility in the social hierarchy. During this time, people used a diverse variety of materials including bone, ivory, and gold to mimic a nail extension. For example, Egyptian women’s long nails represented healthy living and wealth. They accessorized their nails with diamonds or other expensive materials and designs, which showed off a person’s wealth. As for modern artificial nails, acrylic nails were invented by chance in 1954 by dentist Frederick Slack. Slack broke his nail at work and constructed a fake nail to cover his broken one using his dental acrylics. After this accident, people adopted this trend and started commonly wearing fake nails. False nails are now a staple and a norm in our society. # Environmental Harms ![Plastic on the beach](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_fe031a6b9c94465fb147b2987488187d~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_493,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_fe031a6b9c94465fb147b2987488187d~mv2.png) Acrylic nails are non-biodegradable and a form of toxic waste in our environment. Because acrylics are plastic, the plastic nails stay in the environment and do not decompose. This creates excessive amounts of plastic that cannot be recycled. These plastics remain in the environment for many lifetimes. Poor disposal of these nails leads toxic chemicals within our biosphere, including toluene, dibutyl phthalates, and formaldehyde, to leach into soil or water. This creates pollution. In addition, designs on top of the nails, such as glitter, contain microplastic materials that end up in our environment. It is almost impossible to get rid of these microplastics, as they are not only very small, but also present in large quantities. Microplastics are extremely harmful to humans, as they can enter people's bodies and cause many long-term and short-term health effects. Microplastics increase people’s risk of having a heart attack and other cardiovascular problems. In the short term, exposure to microplastics in humans results in airway inflammation and difficulty breathing. # Health Concerns ![Closeup image of nails](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_0c82c8d02a9a400c8a2207fd8a4a0e3e~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_1181,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_0c82c8d02a9a400c8a2207fd8a4a0e3e~mv2.png) Not only does breathing in microplastics via nose or mouth contribute to cardiovascular health concerns, but constantly having acrylic nails on can irritate your natural nails. Allergic reactions can occur from the chemicals used to apply or remove artificial nails. For example, your nails may burn, become swollen, become red and inflamed, or even develop pus around them. Allergic reactions can damage your natural nails, which can lead to nail thinning and easily broken nails. This can take many weeks to get back to normal. Bacterial or fungal infections can also occur under the acrylic nails. These infections occur when acrylic nails are being neglected. Moisture develops under the acrylic nails, which can cause greenies. Greenies are an infection of one’s natural nails that leads to a greenish discoloration on the surface of the nail. To treat a greenie, one must keep the nail dry to stop the spread of bacteria and, in the meantime, stop applying false nails until the nails are treated. This infection can occur if you reglue the artificial nail before cleaning both your fake and real nails. # What Can You Do? ![Image of Nail Polish](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a60843_635aaefdcb4444b897c313ea37dec43c~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_740,h_1110,al_c,q_90,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/a60843_635aaefdcb4444b897c313ea37dec43c~mv2.png) Many people feel that it is a must to have perfect nails on an everyday basis. To keep the environment safe, there are many different alternatives to acrylic nails. Press-on nails are a great alternative to acrylic nails. These nails can be reused many times with proper preparation and care. There are no harsh chemicals that you are breathing in, as the nails are already prepped and ready for use. These nails can be applied at home as well, and can save you money. In addition, gel nail extensions are also an amazing alternative to acrylic nails. They are much healthier for your natural nails and are also safer, as they do not use so many harsh chemicals, so you are not breathing in as many bad chemicals into your lungs. However, gel nail extensions do have their own flaws and should not always be used as a substitute. The best alternative to acrylic nails is painting your natural nails at home with nail polish. It is very cost-effective and environmentally friendly compared to acrylics.
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# Recap Acrylic nails are created from a combination of liquid monomer and powder polymer that is molded and shaped into your desired length onto your natural nails. They are strong, durable, and long-lasting. However, these fake nails are harming the environment, and are also very harmful to humans’ long-term health. Acrylic nails are non-biodegradable and are a form of toxic waste in our environment. Glitter in nail polish containers are microplastic materials that end up in our environment. Microplastics are extremely harmful to humans and can increase people’s risk of having a heart attack or result in airway inflammation. Improper care of acrylic nails can result in irritation and infection, which can be very painful. As such, the best alternative to acrylic nails is to paint your regular nails at home with nail polish. It is very cost-effective and environmentally friendly compared to acrylics. ## References 1. [S&LBeautyCompany](https://slbeautyco.com/blogs/gel-nail-polish/gel-nails-vs-acrylic-nails#:~:text=What%20are%20acrylic%20nails%3F,nails%20look%20long%20and%20strong) 2. [Glitterbels](https://glitterbels.com/en-us/blogs/news/the-evolution-of-acrylic-nails-a-brief-history#:~:text=The%20concept%20of%20acrylic%20nails,reserved%20for%20the%20elite%20classes) 3. [SlickMagazine](https://hbslick.com/7110/features/why-acrylic-nails-are-in-right-now/#:~:text=Artificial%20nails%20originated%20from%20Egyptian,that%20represented%20a%20person's%20wealth) 4. [CohenCramer](https://www.cohencramerpi.co.uk/artificial-nails-a-brief-history-and-what-to-do-when-they-go-wrong/#:~:text=These%20were%20often%20made%20from,a%20dentist%20called%20Frederick%20Slack) 5. [Alberta](https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw255051&lang=en-ca#:~:text=Fungal%20nail%20infection.,before%20you%20clean%20the%20gap) 6. [GreenMatters](https://www.greenmatters.com/sustainable-living/eco-friendly-acrylic-nails#:~:text=Simply%20getting%20a%20standard%20manicure,painting%20one's%20nails%20at%20home)]]> Taylor Swift "Needs to Calm Down" With Her Carbon Footprint https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/taylor-swift-carbon-footprint https://www.tedinitiative.org//blog/taylor-swift-carbon-footprint Sat, 13 Jul 2024 08:37:49 GMT The billionaire Taylor Swift is being scrutinized for her excessive carbon emissions from her personal use of her jet. Her private jet is estimated to have released 8,300 tonnes of carbon emissions in 2022, which is about 1,800 times the average human’s annual emissions. ... # What are Carbon Emissions? ![Air travel causing the increase of carbon emissions into the atmosphere](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*6ctrf-u8gYY9n57x) Photo by Ashim D’Silva on Unsplash Carbon dioxide emissions are the result of burning fossil fuels. Most of these greenhouse gas emissions are a result of human activities, which is the number one cause of climate change. Even though flying is becoming more efficient than driving, air travel accounts for about 4 percent of human-induced global warming and is statistically slightly worse than driving. However, the use of a commercial plane is a better alternative than a private jet. Unfortunately, Taylor Swift uses a private jet. Private jets emit 10 times more pollutants than commercial planes per passenger. She is making unnecessary trips via jet, which is only adding to the problem. The continuous act of burning fossil fuels generates gas emissions that act like a blanket around the Earth. This “blanket” traps the sun’s heat, which leads to abnormally high temperatures that have detrimental effects on human health, the environment, and wildlife. # Sending Mixed Signals ![A phone playing "red" by Taylor Swift](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*1nXKoSUCKWQPL7lK) Photo by Omid Armin on Unsplash The famous singer has been an ongoing advocate for climate change and speaks out against the topic. However, she does not practice what she preaches. She has called climate change one of the “horrific situations plaguing the world,” yet she continues to contribute to the problem. Her private jet is estimated to have released 8,300 tonnes of carbon emissions in 2022. To put that in perspective, that is about 1,800 times the average human’s annual emissions. According to Yard, Taylor Swift is the biggest celebrity CO2 polluter of this year so far. Swift often incorporates nature-based imagery into her lyrics. However, with the rate of her carbon emissions released into the atmosphere, she will have no imagery to reference. # Legal Action ![A large stone arch in a reflection pool](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*gl06LWmIQiE4Dnol) Photo by Kirk Thornton on Unsplash 21-year-old Jack Sweeney, who attends The University of Central Florida, has become well-known for his social media accounts, on which he tracks famous people’s jets. He has been tracking the different cities Taylor Swift visits, causing many people to realize the extent of her private jet usage. He states that he only posts about the cities Swift travels to which are already publicized by anyone following her Eras Tour and her attendance at Chiefs games this season. Sweeney revealed that Swift traveled on a 13-minute flight to another part of St. Louis that would have taken just 30 minutes by car. This short trip could have been easily driven and would have offset less carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Sweeney’s posts about Taylor Swift’s private jet usage have caused her attorneys to threaten legal action against him, even though he uses publicly available data from the Federal Aviation Administration to track private jets and their carbon offset. According to Swift’s lawyers, Sweeney has “engaged in stalking and harassing behavior, including consistently publishing real-time and precise information about our client’s location,” and “it is a life-or-death matter for our client.” He has been sent two cease and desist letters from her lawyers stating that legal actions will be pursued if he does not stop tracking her jet. Sweeney’s lawyer, James Slater, feels as though “the letters are an effort to quash negative publicity over her emissions.” # Buying Carbon Offsets ![A field of wind turbines](https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/0*4UNnKaBS19rNoz-P) Photo by Rabih Shasha on Unsplash Taylor Swift has claimed that she has bought carbon offsets or carbon credits to balance the environmental damage produced by her private jet. Before she began her Eras Tour, she had purchased more than double the carbon credits needed to offset and accommodate for her world tour, and additionally cover the mileage she’s racked up traveling to see Travis Kelce. Carbon offsetting is the practice of putting out more greenhouse gas emissions while not technically damaging the environment. Carbon credits do not get rid of environmental damage that has already been done. However, they are used to reduce emissions which will allegedly “balance out” the effect. This is done by engaging in reforesting projects or investing in renewable energy projects. While her previous damage on the environment can not be reversed, at least she is making an effort to fix other areas and instill new energy-efficient programs.
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# Recap According to Yard, Taylor Swift is the biggest celebrity CO2 polluter of this year so far. The billionaire Taylor Swift is being scrutinized for her excessive carbon emissions from her personal use of her jet. Her private jet is estimated to have released 8,300 tonnes of carbon emissions in 2022, which is about 1,800 times the average human’s annual emissions. Swift does see a detrimental problem with her absurd carbon footprint and is trying to balance the effect by buying carbon credits. These credits do not erase the environmental problem, but instead encourage reforesting projects and investments in renewable energy projects. Lastly, the 21-year-old Jack Sweeney has been tracking Swift’s private jet, and has been calling her out for her short flights. He is being threatened by her attorneys for “stalking.” ## References 1. [Forbes](https://www.forbes.com/sites/prakashdolsak/2023/12/26/taylor-swift-and-other-jet-setters-can-send-a-climate-message/?sh=1c55ec732e3a) 2. [The NY Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/06/travel/travel-climate-no-fly-pledge.html#:~:text=Air%20travel%20accounts%20for%20about,outpacing%20the%20industry's%20environmental%20gains.) 3. [The Commons](https://www.thecommons.earth/blog/the-high-carbon-cost-of-private-jet-emissions-we-all-pay-the-price#:~:text=They%20emit%20at%20least%2010,than%20commercial%20planes%20per%20passenger.&text=For%20a%20flight%20between%20New,estimated%20174%20lbs%20of%20emissions.) 4. [Carbon Market Watch](https://carbonmarketwatch.org/2024/02/13/taylor-swift-and-the-top-polluters-department/#:~:text=Her%20private%20jet%20usage%20amounted,that%20of%20the%20average%20European.) 5. [Yard](https://weareyard.com/insights/worst-celebrity-private-jet-co2-emission-offenders) 6. [Deccan Herald](https://www.deccanherald.com/world/taylor-swift-demands-21-year-old-stop-tracking-her-private-jet-2883498) 7. [The Cut](https://www.thecut.com/article/taylor-swift-private-jet-carbon-offset.html)]]>